Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Site Analysis
Site Analysis
6.1 Site Location: 163 PNR Road, Lucena, Quezon, Calabarzon, Philippines
According to the government of Lucena, the space within the highlighted boundaries are
spaces which are owned by the Philippine National Railways. Within the site are numerous
informal settlers. The site is approximately 4 hectares and all the informal settlers within the
boundary will be affected by the redevelopment of PNR Lucena Station.
Walkability Yes No
Are pedestrian pathways continuous and easy to navigate? /
Are there protected places to walk if it is raining? To wait for the /
train?
Do pedestrian pathways and buildings incorporate universal /
design principles for accessibility?
Do buildings include a clear entrance so that people do not have to /
search for the way in?
6.2.3 Site Justification
The site is located between three Barangays. Barangay Cotta, Barangay 8, and
Barangay 10. Barangay Cotta is the least dense of the three Barangay followed by Barangay
10 which ranked number 9 for the population density according to the Comprehensive Land
Use Plans of Lucena, Quezon. Barangay 8 is ranked number 2 for the population density,
even not ranked as number 1, Barangay 8 is located adjacent to the site. The population
density of the combined three Barangays will help the site to thrive with its economic aspect.
Within the Criteria of walkability more answers fell under the no. These shows that
the walkability around the vicinity is not properly developed and will be developed
throughout the planning phase. Coverings along the major path walks will be installed to help
pedestrians travel when raining. Protected places will be also strategically placed around the
area to further improve the walkability. Pedestrian pathway will incorporate universal design
principles for accessibility for everyone to use the whole development safely.
The train station is within the vicinity. The train station can further support future
transit-oriented development along the area.
Lucena City is a central hub, and the train Residents within the area, can utilize the
station will become a link from Lucena to station as an easy transport system to go
other places. places far away from Lucena. People
outside Lucena can easily access the
vicinity.
With the redevelopment of PNR Lucena the With the new elevated train station and
train platform and the railway tracks will be railways, the spaces under can be utilized to
elevated from the ground. support the needs of the locals.
Reusing the old spaces underneath the Residential spaces can be granted to the
station will provide new spaces for the informal settlers with the use of the spaces.
locals. They can also have opportunities to work to
the commercial areas which can be
developed around the vicinity.
Weaknesses Threats Analysis
Road networks are narrow, Walking along a street The streets around the
and it does not promote which does not promote vicinity must be redeveloped
walkability. walkability can result to to be pedestrian friendly. By
vehicular related accidents. making the streets
pedestrian friendly it will
promote walking instead of
vehicular travel.
The road level railway along The traffic caused by the The new PNR station will be
the Quezon Avenue causes road level railway can cause elevated to avoid problems
traffic to pile up. a rear end vehicular related like this. The road level
accident. railway along the Quezon
Avenue can be removed to
smoothen the flow of traffic.
The transit-oriented The land value within the In the future, people with
development will attract residential zone near the enough money can acquire
different opportunities. transit will increase its properties around the
These different opportunities value. Making the prices of vicinity. The opportunities
can have different results to the property more for the informal settlers can
the different people around expensive. be exploited by professional
the vicinity. informal settlers.
According the CLUP of Lucena the gross population density for the entire city was
placed at 29.63 persons per hectare. As expected, densely populated areas are found in
barangays in the city center, the top ten being Barangays 4, 8, 7, Marketview, 5, 1, 2, 9, 10
and Cotta. The location of the site falls under the Barangays of Cotta, 8, and 10, which are
densely populated areas.
Source: National Statistics Office (NSO) 2010 Census Population and Housing (CPH)
6.5 Vicinity Map
STI College
Cathedral of Saint
Ferdinand
Perez Park
The estimated travel time to the nearest location which are the Perez Park, and
Tayabas Capitol Building is approximately 3 minutes by walking. Then the estimated travel
time to the farthest location which is the Dalahican Port is approximately 10 to 15 minutes by
using a vehicle by Quezon Eco-Tourism Talao Talao Port Road. All the essential places and
structures are all accessible within the time frame of 10 to 15 minutes.
- PNR Fire Sub Station, approximately 0.2 km away from the site.
- Systems Technology Institute College, approximately 0.6 km away from the site.
THE SITE
Data
The Lucena City, is the capital of Quezon Province, is approximately 137 kilometers
southeast of Metro Manila, taking the Maharlika Highway. Its geographical coordinates are
located at 13 degrees-56’ north latitude and 121 degrees-37’ east longitude. Lucena is
bounded on the north and northeast by the Municipality of Pagbilao, Quezon. On the south
and southeast by the Tayabas Bay, on the southwest by the Municipality of Sariaya, Quezon,
and on the northwest by the City of Tayabas, Quezon.
Effect
Lucena as capital became the central hub of the Quezon Province. Investors has a
wide range of opportunity to conduct businesses which further improve the economy of
Lucena.
Approach
6.6.2 Topography
THE SITE
Data
According to Ecological Profile 2013, the geologic fabric of the city is fundamentally
influenced by volcanic and tectonic activities which resulted to the deposition of several
sequences of volcanic and pyroclastic rocks and unconsolidated lowland deposits. Recent
alluvium constitutes 50% of the City’s land area and is generally located at the southernmost
part, including all coastal barangays along Tayabas Bay. The northern portion of the city has
Pliocene-quaternary volcanic pyroclastic, which comprise 45% while 5% of the northeastern
areas have sedimentary rocks of upper-pliocene composed of sandstone and shale. This
formation is observed as hydrologic basement of ground water basin within the city.
Effect
The geologic formations, which describe the city landscape, are also typical to an area
with active seismic and tectonic activity due to previous eruptions of Mt. Banahaw, the last of
which occurred in 1909. The City’s land area is underlain with the following stratigraphy
(Lucena City Ecological Profile 2013).
Approach
THE SITE
Data
According to the City Agriculture Office the soil type where the site is located is
classified as Macolod Clay Loam. The Macolod Clay Loam series is a primary soil derived
from weathered igneous rock. The characteristics are the presence of boulders on the surface
and the dark brown color of the soil surface. It is usually found on hilly and mountainous
relief. External drainage is good to excessive while internal drainage is fair to good. To
maintain fertility of the soil and minimize its erosion, special soil conversation practices, such
as contour tillage, cover cropping, strip cropping and terracing, crop rotation, green maturing
and fertilizer application should be employed. Well-designed irrigation and drainage system
should be installed, especially in the rice paddies, so that the supply of water can be
controlled.
Effect
The site has a relatively flat land surface. Its soil type is a fall under the classification
of a loam soil which is the best type of soil for construction. It is the best type of soil for
structural integrity due to its ideal combination of silt, clay, and sand. These three
components of soil combine the best of all their qualities into the ideal balance for supporting
foundation. The Loam soil generally do not shift and expand. Loam soil do not shrink
drastically and handles the presence of water and moisture very well compared to other type
of soil. For the loamy type of soil is suitable for construction for an isolated pad footing.
Continuous strip foundations can be used for one-story buildings, however isolated RCC pad
foundations are better if they are cost-effective.
Approach
The content of the topmost layer of the soil is considered good for construction. Loam
soil is the best type of soil for constructing a foundation. It is recommended to use the
isolated pad footings for the foundation type. This kind of foundation can be used for small
structures and midrise structures.
6.6.4 Average Temperature
Data
In Lucena, the summers are short, hot, and overcast, the rainy season are short, warm,
windy, and partly cloudy. It is oppressive and wet year-round. Over the course of the year,
the temperature typically varies from 23°C to 33°C.
Effect
Hot season lasts for 2.2 months, from April 11 to June 16, with an average daily high
temperature above 32°C. The hottest month of the year is May, with an average high
of 33°C and low of 26°C.
Cool season lasts for 2.6 months, from December 1 to February 19, with an average
daily high temperature below 29°C. The coldest month of the year is January, with an
average low of 23°C and high of 28°C.
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
High 28° 29° 30° 32° 33° 32° 32° 32° 30° 30° 29° 28°
C C C C C C C C C C C C
Averag 26° 26° 27° 28° 29° 28° 27° 27° 27° 27° 27° 26°
e C C C C C C C C C C C C
Low 23° 23° 24° 26° 26° 25° 25° 25° 25° 24° 24° 24°
C C C C C C C C C C C C
Approach
Provide adequate windows and use natural shading. For the south and west facing
walls, windows are recommended to be double glazed. Maximize the usage of passive
cooling by not blocking the natural flow of the northeast monsoon and the southwest
6.6.5 Clouds
Data
Over the course of the year, there are notable seasonal variations in Lucena's average
percentage of cloud coverage. Around November 27 marks the start of Lucena's clearer
season, which lasts for 5.0 months and ends around April 25. August is the cloudiest month
of the year in Lucena, with the sky being overcast or mostly cloudy 93% of the time on
average. February is the clearest month of the year, with the sky remaining clear, mostly
clear, or partly cloudy 48% of the time on average. Beginning about April 25 and lasting for
7.0 months, the cloudier period occurs, and it ends around November 27.
Effect
The cloud also contributes to the direct sunlight received by the structure. The clouds
are clear over the half of the year, and it is cloudy for a half year. The clouds will not always
protect the structure from heavy direct sunlight, so it is best to apply additional shadings.
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Cloudie 56% 52% 53% 66% 87% 93% 92% 93% 91% 85% 76% 64%
r
Clearer 44% 48% 47% 34% 13% 7% 8% 7% 9% 15% 24% 36%
Approach
Monthly Cloud Percentage
Source: Weather Spark
Additional awnings may be applied to the exterior of the structure. Awnings are
important in the east, west and south facing walls because of the angle of the sun in this
orientation is lower compared to the north direction.
6.6.6 Precipitation
Data
Throughout the year, Lucena experiences a wide range of wet day probabilities. A day
that has at least 0.04 inches of liquid or liquid-equivalent precipitation is wet. Between June 1
and January 5, which is the start of the wetter season, there is a greater than 40% probability
that any given day will be rainy. In Lucena, October has an average of 18.9 days with at least
0.04 inches of precipitation, making it the month with the rainiest days. Between January 5
until June 1, or 4.9 months, is the dry season. With an average of 6.5 days with at least 0.04
inches of precipitation, March is the month in Lucena with the fewest number of wet days.
Effect
The rain chances vary due to the precipitation. There is season with enough
precipitation, and there is the opposite dry season. During dry season plant are vulnerable
from withering. During this season the plants from the parks are needed to be watered.
Approach
Numbers of Rainy Days in a Month
During wet season it is important
Source: to store Spark
Weather water. The stored water can be used to
water the plants during dry season. The water supply can also be utilized by the community
during emergency. Water storage tanks are recommended to be installed in the upper most of
the structure for an efficient flow downwards to the community. Water storages can also be
installed in the lower grounds. The collection from the roofing systems of the structure can
store these storages.
6.6.7 Rainfall
Data
In Lucena, it rains throughout the year. With an average rainfall of 10.8 inches,
November is the wettest month in Lucena. With an average rainfall of 2.3 inches, March is
the driest month in Lucena.
Effect
Average Monthly Rainfall
Rainwater is abundant especially during
Source: wetSpark
Weather season. According to the volume of the
rainwater, the rainwater can be an asset for a viable water supply of the structure.
Approach
6.6.8 Sun
Data
In Lucena, the length of the day varies throughout the year. 2022's shortest and
longest days are December 22 and June 21, respectively, with 11 hours, 18 minutes and 12
hours, 57 minutes of daylight.
Effect
Number of Hours of Daylight
Source: Weather Spark
The dawn is at its earliest on June 2 at 5:24 AM and its latest on January 23 at 6:21
AM, which is 57 minutes later. The earliest sunset is at 5:22 PM on November 21, and the
latest sunset is 1 hour, 4 minutes later at 6:25 PM on July 9.
Approach
North facing walls will receive enough lighting but it will not produce hotter
temperature. Main egress and regress points facing north may be glass and single glazed. Use
of window in this orientation can be maximized to maximize the daylight. During morning
east facing windows and walls will receive direct sunlight due to the tilt of the rising sun.
tinted windows can be used especially to rooms which do not need too much sunlight. The
south and west facing walls will receive the highest temperature. Double glazed windows
facing this orientation is recommended to protect rooms against high temperature. Openings
in this orientation must be minimal. West facing walls will also receive direct sunlight
because of the tilt of the afternoon sun. it is applicable to apply awnings to west facing walls
to control the sunlight.
6.6.9 Humidity
Data
The dew point serves as the foundation for determining the comfort level of humidity
since it controls whether sweat will evaporate from the skin and cool the body. Higher dew
points seem more humid, whereas lower dew points feel dryer. While the temperature may
decrease at night, a humid day is generally followed by a muggy night because dew point
changes more slowly than temperature, which frequently varies dramatically between night
and day.
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Day 30.8d 27.9d 31d 30d 30d 30d 31d 31d 30d 31d 30d 30.9d
s
Approach
6.6.10 Wind
Data
The wide-area hourly average wind vector, speed, and direction at 10 meters above
the ground is covered in this section. Instantaneous wind speed and direction vary more
considerably than hourly averages, and the wind experienced at any given site is strongly
dependent on the local topography and other factors. Over the course of the year, Lucena's
hourly average wind speed exhibits significant seasonal variation.
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Wind Speed 10 9.3 8.4 6.9 5.8 5.7 6.1 6.5 6 7 9 10.12
(mph)
Every season has a different average hourly wind direction in Lucena. For 1.2 months,
from May 30 to July 4, the wind is most frequently from the south, reaching a peak
proportion of 39% on June 10. For 2.8 months, from July 4 to September 28, the wind is most
frequently from the west, reaching a peak percentage of 57% on August 18. From September
28 to May 30 (8.1 months), the wind blows most frequently from the east, reaching a peak
percentage of 68% on January 1.
Data
Site orientation is critical, the orientation of the structure will dictate how well it
responds to passive design principles. These principles determine the thermal comfort of the
structure and its energy efficiency. Walls with an east or west orientation are most exposed to
the sun. This is a result of the sun rising and setting at different angles.
Effect
Approach
To make the most of natural light, main living areas should face north. Most of the
glass for the structure, including the windows and glass doors, should face north as well. Use
the appropriate solar shading techniques for the structure’s site orientation and the direction
that each wall faces. Roof overhangs and horizontal window shading devices are excellent for
walls that face north and south. On east and west-facing walls, shutters, screens, and trees
may be more useful if they don't restrict ventilation.
Southwest Monsoon
Data
For 1.2 months, from May 30 to July 4, the wind is most frequently from the south,
reaching a peak proportion of 39% on June 10.
Effect
The amount of rainfall that different places receive is also influenced by the
prevailing winds. In Southeastern Asia, these winds result in the formation of monsoons like
the southwest monsoon.
Approach
Place a higher priority on the rooms that need the greatest ventilation and face them in
the direction of the prevailing winds. The typical position the bedrooms are facing eastward
to benefit from the winds. It is best to have enough natural ventilation in all bedrooms. The
design must think of solution to incorporate passive cooling to maximize the prevailing wind
direction. To have passive cooling, make sure the structure has clear passages that allow the
wind to go from room to room. Choose proper type of windows, based on the direction they
face. These can help to reduce the quantity of rain that enters the property and redirect
airflow into the structure.
Light
Traffic
Moderate
Traffic
Light
Traffic
Data
Quezon Avenue is one of the busiest roads in Lucena. Due to the old railway, traffic
along the Quezon Avenue is inevitable. The railway causes the traffic to slow down because
the railway is on road level and vehicles must properly navigate through it. Railroad level
crossings produces traffic congestion at crossings in proximity of railway stations.
According to the theory of National Academies, train arrivals or activity on the train
platforms produce more congestion at station level crossings than the level crossing operation
itself, which necessitates a lengthy closure of the intersection.
The noise pollution is mainly produced by the train when it travels along the station.
Congested traffic at the intersection of the road and the road level railway is another source of
noise.
Effect
Due to the road level railway the vehicles slowly pass through the railway, to safely
navigate through it. As vehicles slowly pass through the railway, the queue of passing
vehicles piles up. From a normal flow of traffic, the traffic turns into a light traffic. As
vehicles travel closely through the intersection the traffic becomes moderate.
As time pass by residents along the PNR railway became resistant to the noise
produced by the train as it passes by. The loud sound of the train for them is normal and it
became a part of their daily lives.
Approach
To avoid traffic in Quezon Avenue, utilize road networks along the right side of the
area. Improve street layout and promote walking to its sidewalks by installing or planting
shades against the sun and protection from bad weather.
To minimize the noise which came from the train station and the railway, natural
sound barriers may be implemented onto both sides of the railways. Plants like Holly Shrubs
can be used against the noise. Holly shrubs are type of large evergreen broadleaf bushes
which year-round noise reduction and absorb the sounds. For the structure consider
installing double glazed windows. These types of windows can also be used for walls which
are facing the orientation with the highest temperature.
6.7.4 Power Lines and Water Supply
Power
Line
Power Water
Line Supply
Data
Power lines are accessible all throughout the vicinity. Most of the water supply lines
are connected from the right side of the vicinity. Water line connection from the left side of
the vicinity is hard to make, because making it pass through the Quezon Avenue will have
effects to the traffic specially when maintaining it.
Effect
Electricity and water are easy to access. The placement of the utilities can be placed
anywhere from the vicinity, but the access to it must also be considered and its separation
from the public used spaces.
Approach
It is recommended that utilities must be placed in the right side of the area. The
maintenance of the connections of electricity and water from the left side can be affected by
the traffic along the intersection of the railway and Quezon Avenue. Also, to avoid the traffic
from the Quezon Avenue, roads from the right side must be utilized. An accessible
connection from the road networks to the utility area can be provided to maximize the
operational use of the area.
Data
Effect
Approach
Data
Around the vicinity is a residential zone. The Quezon Park is the only place which can
offer a good view from an elevated space.
The area is relatively flat, but due to the flatness of the railway tracks, during rainy
season rainwater mostly gathered within the center of the rail tracks.
Effect
Due to the vegetation of the site rainwater are usually absorbed by the plants and it is
easily distributed through the ground. During rainy season rainwater gathers in the rail tracks.
These instances commonly lead to the delay of the travel of PNR trains.
Approach
With the adaptive reuse within the site additional green spaces can be included to
boost the good scenery view around the vicinity. These green spaces will also help to
improve the absorption of rainwater during rainy season. To avoid the gathering of the water
along the tracks proper rainwater drainage systems must be implemented.
STI College Tayabas Capitol Building