Oral Communication in Context

Grade 11/12 • Unit 1: Nature and Elements of Communication

LESSON 1.3
Elements of Communication

Table of Contents

Introduction 1

Objectives 2

DepEd Competency 2

Warm-Up 2

Learn about It 3
The Five Elements of Communication 4
Participants 4
Context 4
Message 5
Channel 5
Feedback 5

Key Points 6

Check Your Understanding 6

Let’s Step Up! 8

Photo Credit 8

Bibliography 8
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Grade 11/12 • Unit 1: Nature and Elements of Communication

Lesson 1.3
Elements of Communication

Fig. 1. The channel, or the method by which a message is delivered, is one of the
five elements of communication.

Introduction
The communication process happens through individual components known as the
elements of communication. These individual parts work together to enable us to share our
thoughts and ideas with one another. Understanding the different elements of
communication is important in becoming more effective communicators.
Explain how the
Identify the ele
In this lesson, y

Objectiv

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Grade 11/12 • Unit 1: Nature and Elements of Communication
es
u should be able to do the following:
DepEd Compe
ents of communication.
Oral Communication in Context

At the end of this lesson, th

lements of communication work together in the communication process.
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 ency
students should be able to identify the elements of communication.
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Learn about It
The elements of communication are the components that make the
ry
Vocabula

communication process possible. Learning about and understanding

these elements will allow one to get a better picture of the
communication process and how it works.

participants
the communicators
(noun)

context
the interrelated conditions that affect the message
(noun)

message the main idea or information that the sender would like to
(noun) convey to the receiver

channel
the means of delivering the message
(noun)

feedback the response of the receiver to the given message of the

(noun) sender

Essential Question
3
How do the different elements of communication work together to make communication effective?
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Grade 11/12 • Unit 1: Nature and Elements of Communication

The Five Elements of Communication

The five elements of communication focus on each aspect of the process and relate its
importance accordingly. A good communicator must consider looking into these
elements to deliver an effective message.

Below are the five elements of communication. Take note of how the following elements
connect with the communication process presented in a previous lesson.

Participants
These are the communicators. They can be both senders and receivers. A sender
transmits the information to the receiver, while the receiver decodes the message to
formulate a response.

Context
This refers to the interrelated conditions that affect the message. These include
physical, psychological, social, and cultural factors. The table below shows examples of the
particular factors that shape the way we communicate.

Table 1. The different contexts affecting communication

Communication Contexts Examples

Physical context refers to the The way you communicate with your sibling at
place, time, environment, and home may be different from the way you
distance between communicators. communicate with each other at school.

Social context refers to the The way you communicate with a person of
relationship of the communicators. authority that you have only just met is different
from the way you speak with someone who has
been your close friend for years.

Psychological context refers to When you are sad or angry, for example, you
the moods and feelings of the might say things that you would not say if you
communicators. Think about the were happy.
times when your mood or feelings

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Grade 11/12 • Unit 1: Nature and Elements of Communication

caused you to communicate
differently.

Cultural context includes the When speaking with an exchange student from
beliefs and norms of the Japan, for e xa mp le , yo u m a y n e e d to explain
participants. This comes into play some Filipino terms you use in a conversation,
when you are speaking with terms that you do not need to explain to a fellow
someone who is o f a different Filipino.
gender, age, social status, religion,
or nationality.

Message
This is the main point of having communication. The message carries the stimulus or the
main idea that the sender would like to convey to the receiver. As such, it is important
for the message to be stated clearly and in a way that is understandable to the receiver.

Channel
This is the means of delivering the message. It can be a face-to-face conversation, a
letter, a phone call, an email, or done through social media.

Feedback
This refers to the response of the receiver. This helps the sender of the message determine
whether the message was understood by the receiver. If the participants of the conversation
continue giving feedback, the flow of communication continues.

Let’s Check In
Answer the following questions about the elements of communication and their role in the
communication process:
What is the idea or concept that a sender wants to convey?

What is the response of the receiver after he or she receives the message?
Why is context important in understanding a particular message?

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Grade 11/12 • Unit 1: Nature and Elements of Communication

Key Points

 The elements of communication are the components that make the

communication process possible. These elements are the participants, context,
message, channel, and feedback.
 A good communicator must be aware of these elements and how they shape
and affect meaning.

Check Your Understanding

ACTIVITY 1 - Copy the following statement and fill in the blanks with
the correct answer.

1. context refers to the place, time, environment, and distance

between communicators.

2. The communicators involved in the process are called the .

3. The is the means of delivering the message.

4. The is the main idea or information that the sender would like

to convey to the receiver.

5. The context in communication includes the beliefs and norms of

the participants.

ACTIVITY 2 - Write down the specific context being described in the following
situations:

1. Situation: The new employee speaks softly when responding to his new boss.

Context:

2. Situation: A girl screamed when she saw a snake inside the house.

Context:

3. Situation: Children are comfortable cuddling with their parents. 7

Context:
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4. Situation: Koreans bow to show respect to people.

Context:

5. Situation: You join your classmates’ conversation about the video game you

played last night, chanting “GG! GG!” to refer to a good game.

Context:

A C T I V I T Y 3 - Identify and explain the five elements of communication in the given dialogue:

Joe: Hey, dude! (nods to Tom) How ya doin’?

Tom: (offers hand for a funny handshake) I’m doing fine. School’s been good!
Joe: Oh yeah! I heard you won that writing contest! Your piece was sick! (pats Tom’s
back hard)
Tom: (laughs) Thanks!

1. Participants: - ___________________________________________________
2. Context: -_______________________________________________
3. Message: -____________________________________________________
4. Channel: - ___________________________________________________

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Grade 11/12 • Unit 1: Nature and Elements of Communication

LESSON 1.4
Models of Communication
Table of Contents
Introduction 1

Objectives 2

DepEd Competency 2

Warm-Up 2

Learn about It 3
Linear Communication Model 4
Interactive Communication Model 4
Transactional Communication Model 5

Key Points 7

Check Your Understanding 7

Let’s Step Up! 9

Photo Credits 9

Bibliography 10

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Grade 11/12 • Unit 1: Nature and Elements of Communication

Lesson 1.4
Models of Communication

Fig. 1. A group of friends swaps stories during a dinner party.

Introduction
Delving deeper into the process of communication, this lesson will discuss the di fferent
models of communication and how each model has its particular use and importance in
a given context. Understanding these models and their related concepts will enrich your
awareness of the communication process.

1
Explain ea
Differenti
In this les

Obje

0
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Grade 11/12 • Unit 1: Nature and Elements of Communication

tives DepEd Co
on, you should be able to do the following:
At the end of this le
Oral Communication in Context

e the various models of communication.

h model of communication. communication (EN
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 mpetency
son, you should be able to differentiate the various models of
1/12OC-Ia-3).
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Learn about It
The term model of communication refers to a conceptual representation that is
used to explain the communication process. There are various models of communication,
ry
Vocabula

with each of them offering a different perspective on the communication process.

The three general types of communication models are the following: linear,
interactive, and transactional.

model
a conceptual representation of an idea or system
(noun)

linear progressing straightforwardly, moving from one step to

(adjective) the next

interactive a two-way flow of information between different

(adjective) people or parties

transactional interaction between people involving mutual influence

(adjective) and exchange

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interference
something that causes obstruction or confusion
(noun)

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Grade 11/12 • Unit 1: Nature and Elements of Communication

Essential Question
How do the models of communication help in improving communication?

Linear Communication Model

The linear communication model presents communication as a one-way activity in which
information flows through a channel from the sender to the receiver. This model involves a
passive receiver, whose only role in the process is to accept information. While noise may
obstruct the delivery of the message, feedback is not a part of the process.

This model was first conceptualized by theorists in 1948. Since then, many scholars
have identified its limitations, remarking how its one-way view of communication can be
quite simplistic. Still, understanding the linear model proves worthwhile since we continue to
see examples of it today.

One situation that involves this model is when a reporter delivers the news through a TV
broadcast. In this scenario, the reporter is the sender of the message, while the audience
acts as the receiver. Here, feedback is unnecessary, and meaning is conveyed even as
the receiver remains passive.

Interactive Communication Model

The interactive communication model shows communication as a two-way activity. The
sender and the receiver engage in a back-and-forth process, taking turns to play each
other’s roles. One participant comes up with an idea and sends a message. The other
receives the message and reacts to it, starting the process again.

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Grade 11/12 • Unit 1: Nature and Elements of Communication

This model involves feedback, an element missing from the linear communication model.
This feedback signifies the receiver’s comprehension of the message and can be relayed
verbally or nonverbally.

The flow of meaning between sender and receiver may also be interrupted by noise,
affecting the interpretation of the message. This emphasizes the role of feedback since it
allows the sender to gauge if the message has been delivered and understood as intended.

The interactive model applies to what you see on social media. When you publish a
post, you act as the sender, relaying information to the people who follow your profile.
When your friends interact with your post, they indicate that they have received your
message and provide you feedback. This process repeats as your friends comment on your
post and you reply to what they say.

Transactional Communication Model

The transactional communication model presents communication not only as a two-way
process but also as a simultaneous activity. Both the sender and receiver are identified as
participants, simultaneously engaging in sending and receiving messages and providing
feedback. The transactional model views communication as something dynamic, where
meaning is conveyed through the shared understanding of the participants.
This model considers that participants react to the situation based on their
own past
experiences, current status, and anticipated future. Participants are shaped by their
individual contexts, coming from different backgrounds and having their own set of norms,

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Grade 11/12 • Unit 1: Nature and Elements of Communication

values, and beliefs. The transactional model accounts for how these individual di fferences
affect the transmission and interpretation of messages. As such, this is the communication
model that best describes how we communicate with others, especially the people we
are closest to.

Other elements affecting the transmission of messages in this model include the
participants’ environment and any instances of noise that they have to navigate through.

Let’s Check In
Review the models of communication by answering the following:
What are the three basic models of communication?
Give the characteristics of each model.
What specific situation is each model focused on?

Key Points

● The three general types of communication models are the following: linear,
interactive, and transactional.
● The linear model is a one-way activity in which information flows from the
sender to the receiver. The receiver is passive and does not provide feedback.
● The interactive model is a two-way activity in which the sender and the receiver
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engage in a back-and-forth process, taking turns to play each other’s roles.

Feedback is an integral part of this process.
● The transactional model presents communication as a simultaneous and dynamic
activity. Both the sender and receiver are identified as participants engaged in
creating meaning through their shared understanding.

Check Your Understanding

ACTIVITY 1 – Copy the following statement and indicate which model of

communication best applies to each of the following statements:
1. The sender and receiver in this model have the same role in the activity.

2. No feedback is involved in this model.

3. Senders and receivers in this model are called participants since they can
both send and receive messages anytime or at the same time.

4. In this model, each communicator also has a different background and may have
a different set of norms, values, and beliefs.

5. This is a one-way activity in which the information flows from the sender to the
receiver.

ACTIVITY 2 - Identify whether the given situations fall under the linear, interactive, or
transactional model of communication.

1. As part of their class activity, Ashley writes a letter to her friend in Canada. She will
expect her friend’s response before sending another letter.
2. Bill competes in an impromptu speaking contest.

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Grade 11/12 • Unit 1: Nature and Elements of Communication

1. Tanya and Gail are childhood best friends who have not met for a long time. They had
a long conversation when they met at the mall.
2. The reporter announces the weather forecast in the next five days.
3. Shiela attended a panel interview. She would have to respond only to the panel’s
specific answers.
ACTIVITY 3 - Provide specific examples of scenarios that apply to each of the following models of
communication:

4. Linear communication model (1pt.)

5. Interactive communication model (2 pts.)

6. Transactional communication model (2 pts)

Let’s Step Up!

Search online for a video of a conversation or situation that represents the transactional model of
communication. Write a short essay explaining why the video you chose is a good example of the
transactional communication model. Discuss how the video embodies the different characteristics of the
transactional model by providing specific examples.

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