STUDENT PROFILE

Name: University ID No:

Talal Osman M. Abdalla 20011414

Class: University Registration No:

G2013447

ASSESSMENT CREDENTIALS
Date: Record Book/Industrial
Visit

Viva Voice

Total

Internal Examiner Head of the Department Principal

 Mini Project on
An Industrial Visit report on Air Travel and Ticketing Analysis submitted
to Bengaluru City University in partial fulfilment of the requirement for
the award of the degree of

Bachelor of Business Administration

Bengaluru City University

BY
Student name: Talal Osman Mohamed Abdalla

Student Id: 20011414

Student Register Number: G2013447

Under the Guidance of

Asst. Prof. Kedar Singh
 DECLARATION BY THE STUDENT
I hereby declare that the industrial visit report prepared by me is the result
of the visit arranged by the college on 15-07-2022 carried out by me under
the guidance of Asst. Prof. Kedar Singh, Asst. Prof., SAMS, Bangalore
in partial fulfillment for the award of Bachelor of Business Administration
(BBA) by Bengaluru City University.
I also declare that this report is the outcome of my own efforts and that
it has not been submitted to any other university or Institute for the award
of any other degree or Diploma or Certificate.

Place: Bengaluru Name: Talal Osman Mohamed Abdalla

Date: Register Number: G2013447

 GUIDE CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Talal Osman Mohamed Abdalla bearing
university register number: G2013447 with student Id number: 20011414
has visited the industries and has prepared the report under my guidance.
This report has not formed a basis for awarding any other Degree/
Diploma/ Certificate by this University or any other University.

Place: Bengaluru Signature of the Guide

Date:
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I take this as an opportunity to express my profound gratitude to all

who have been significant contributors of this Industrial Visit.
I convey my gratitude to all the staff members of various
departments of Commerce and Management who has guided us in the
Company/ Organization.
I express my deepest sense of gratitude to Prof. K C MISHRA,
Principal, Sambhram Academy of Management Studies for her constant
support.
I am thankful to Mr. C.N. ANIL, Head, Department of Commerce and
Management, Sambhram Academy of Management Studies, for her
support, guidance and encouragement.
I am grateful to Asst. Prof. Kedar Singh, Asst. Prof, Department of
Commerce and management, Sambhram Academy of Management
Studies for sparing his/her valuable time and guiding in the successful
completion of the report.

Place: Bengaluru
Date:

Signature of the Student

 INDEX
SL.NO PARTICULARS PAGE
NUMBER
INTRODUCTION TO AIRLINE INDUSTRY
1. Importance of Aviation
1. 2. History of Aviation 1-15
3. ICAO and Chicago Convention
4. Innovations in Aviation
Mysore Domestic Airport
1. Company Profile
2.
2. Airport Authority of India 16-19
3. History of Mysore Domestic Airport
Operational Facilities of Mysore Domestic Airport
1. Landside Operation
2. Baggage Policies of Airlines operating from Mysore
Domestic Airport.
3. UDAN Scheme with respect to Mysore Domestic Airport.
3. 19-34
4. Airside Operation of MYQ
• Airfield Data
• ATC in MYQ
4. Emergency Services at MYQ
5. Future Plans of MYQ
Corporate Social of Ethiopian Airlines
1. Introduction to Ethiopian Airlines 35-50
5. 2. How does Ethiopian Airlines Achieve CSR
3. How does CSR benefit Ethiopian Airlines
4. Summary and Data Collection
Appendices
6. 1. Bibliography
2. Charts
3. Gallery
INTRODUCTION
Aviation is explicated as the enterprise enveloping schemes and operations
surrounding the usage, employment, production, design, development, and
mechanical applications of aircrafts to satisfy the requisites of the air industry, be it
the transportation of passengers from a given destination to another or the transposal
of cargo to its destined coordinates, agricultural benefits, aerial warfare tactics, and
other salient ventures.
Although the word aviation was coined by the French writer and former naval
officer Gabriel La Landelle in 1863. He derived the term from the verb avier (an
unsuccessful neologism for "to fly"), itself derived from the Latin word avis ("bird")
and the suffix -ation. With the push of modern-day expansion, aviation is more than
just wings or a plane, it also incriminates the engineering of infrastructure within
aerodromes and airports such as: runways, Air Traffic Control Towers, terminals,
aprons, taxis ways, navigational technology, communication machinery, cargo
holds, ramps, aircraft hangars, safety and security within its operational district, and
the respect of rules and regulations to allow for the appropriate Standard Operating
Procedures to co-exist within the air space of aviation so as operations do no
disintegrate out of order.
Hence, before diving into the depth of the evolution of aviation, it is preferable
to understand the level impact that aviation has supplied to the civilization of
mankind, allowing it to expand, grow, evolve, transform, and develop in
unimaginable ways.
Importance of Aviation
As explicated in the page prior to this, Air Travel is identified as an establishment
of travel in the form of flight, where an individual or item transposes from point A
to B, or if there any intermediaries in between, through absence of surface contact.
Air Travel has been active for decennaries, and today it is recognized as the most
convenient category of transportation to remote places in a short period of time,
being the most notorious after the 2000s.
Examples of Air Travel include:
1. Travelling on a commercial carrier like a Boeing 737.
2. The use of helicopters for aerial jobs such as photography, surveillance, news
reporting.

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 3. Air Balloons for sight-seeing and adventuring.
4. Military and Defensive applications
5. Transportation of cargo and valuable goods
The following points demonstrate the crucial need for aviation in modern day world:

a) Rapid Speed: Air travel is a class of conveyance mode qualified to operate

long distance journeys in short periods of time. This makes air travel an
appropriate option if the client has a crucial item that needs immediate courier
service or if their freight demands special standards of protection or
acclimation. It is the quickest transport mode and is therefore ideal for long-
distance transport of goods. It takes less time.
b) Fast Service: Air transportation offers convenient, reliable and fast services
of transport. It is considered the cheapest way to ship peregrinated goods. It
offers a standard, convenient, reliable and fast service.
c) Send your freight almost anywhere: In regions that are not readily
accessible to other modes of transport, air transport is considered to be the
only means of transport. Open to all regions, irrespective of land interference.
A vast network of airlines covering nearly the whole globe is available for
many airlines. This ensures that the package can be sent almost anywhere.
d) High Standard of Security: High standard of protection with a low risk of
robbery and injury. Shipping by air has a high degree of security since airport

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 safety restrictions on cargo are strictly enforced. Tightly controlled airport
controls also minimize cargo theft and loss.
e) Natural Route: An aircraft can fly to any location without seeing any natural
obstacles or barriers. Since customs formalities are easily compiled. It
eliminates the need for more time to seek clearance. Air travel is used for relief
operations during earthquakes, floods, accidents, and famines.
As per a report produced in 2019 by ICAO (International Civil Aviation
Organization, it declares that Aviation Is a major Contributor to Global Economic
Prosperity. This in turn results in the course dictating that aviation provides the only
rapid worldwide transportation network, which makes it essential for global
business. It generates economic growth, creates jobs, and facilitates international
trade and tourism. According to recent estimates by the cross-industry Air Transport
Action Group (ATAG), the total economic impact (direct, indirect, induced and
tourism-connected) of the global aviation industry reached USD 2.7 trillion, some
3.6 per cent of the world’s gross domestic product (GDP) in 2016. The air transport
industry also supported a total of 65.5 million jobs globally. It provided 10.2 million
direct jobs. Airlines, air navigation service providers and airports directly employed
around three and a half million people. The civil aerospace sector (the manufacture
of aircraft, systems and engines) employed 1.2 million people. A further 5.6 million
people worked in other on-airport positions. 55.3 million indirect, induced and
tourism-related jobs were supported by aviation.

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The Evolution of Aviation
Aviation and its commodities were birthed around two thousand years ago, dating
back to the 5th Century with inclusion of the most basic forms of aviation such as
kites to trials of tower jumping to supersonic and hypersonic flight by powered,
heavier- than-air jets.
The term aviation, noun of action from stem of Latin Avis "bird" with suffix -
ation, meaning action or progress, was coined in 1863 by French pioneer Guillaume
Joseph Gabriel de La Landelle (1812–1886) in "Aviation ou Navigation aérienne
sans ballons". The history of aviation dates to the 5th century with the invention of
kites in China. The famous artist Leonardo da Vinci created the first drafts for a
rational aircraft in his paintings in the 15th century. In 1647, Tito Livio Burattini
developed a model aircraft featuring four pairs of glider wings. But it never
supported the weight of a person. Later, in 1970, Francesco Terzi, the Father of
Aeronautics, published a theory that showed the possibility of lighter-than-air
aircraft made of copper foil cylinders.
The discovery of hydrogen in the 17th century led to the development of the first
hydrogen balloon. In 1783, the Montgolfier brothers, including Jacques-Étienne and
Joseph-Michel, flew the first unmanned hot air balloon over Annonay, France. The
same year, they flew a piloted, tethered hot air balloon with Giroud de Villette, Jean-
François Pilâtre de Rozier, and Jean-Baptiste Réveillon onboard. Later, they
launched their first untethered hot air balloon flight, which flew nine kilometers in
about 25 minutes. The hot air balloon became exceptionally popular during the late
18th century, which led to the discovery of the relationship between altitude and
atmosphere. However, the main downside of hot air balloons was a lack of
maneuverability.
The invention of airships came to solve the issue with hot air balloons. Unlike
hot air balloons, airships used hydrogen or helium gas to lift and were the first ones
to carry passengers over long distances. Alberto Santos-Dumont was the first person
to fly an untethered airship designed with an internal combustion engine. In 1901,
Santos-Dumont launched his airship known as “Number 6” over Paris in less than
thirty minutes. In 1899, Ferdinand von Zeppelin started building the first Zeppelin
airship, which featured two Daimler engines. In 1902, Leonardo Torres Quevedo
launched his version of The Zeppelin, which dealt with the balancing problems of
the first Zeppelin. However, the fatal crash at Lakehurst, New Jersey, in 1937
marked the end of the airship era.

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The Wright Brothers in the History of Aviation
Shivkar Bāpuji Talpade
History will always be written
by its victors. A statement that
holds complete authority about
what will be written in the
following paragraphs. The
world is aware that the aviation
industry came into existence
when the Wright Brothers flew
the first aircraft. However, there
is a hidden agenda beneath the
clouds of this illusion. A highly
respected figure by the name of
Shivkar Bāpuji Talpade (1864 – 1916) was an Indian instructor in the Sir JJ School
of Art with an interest in Sanskrit and in aviation. He lived in Mumbai, and is
claimed to have constructed and flown an unmanned, heavier-than-air aircraft in
1895. Contemporary accounts of a successful flight do not exist, and no reliable
historical records document its existence, but this due to the fact that at that historical
timeline, India was under the British rule. Although Instructor Talpade had the
content and concept for the technology, he did not have the funds to assist in bringing
his abstract ideas engineered on paper into the actual physical reality. The King of
Baroda, or aggressively known as Sayajirao Gaekwad III who was the Maharaja of
Baroda State from 1875 to 1939, and is remembered for reforming much of his state
during his rule. He belonged to the royal Gaekwad dynasty of the Marathas which
ruled parts of present-day Gujarat, has witnessed Shivkar’s invention and has
decided to fund the project, but the influence of the British diasporas dug into to the
roots of this invention, and they have managed to obtain the technology obstructing
it from further development within the dominion of India, later on forcing it to be
sent to the British Empire and given to the hands of the Wright Brothers to develop
the aircraft.
Although much of Shivkar Bāpuji Talpade’s life and how he went about
inventing his flying machine is cloaked in mystery. He is a much-discussed subject
on some websites, much of the conversation soaked in faux nationalism and less in
research. According to most versions, he invented the aircraft by drawing upon the

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ideas of aviation outlined in Vedic texts. These versions claim that Talpade held a
thrilling demonstration of his aircraft in 1895 on Bombay’s Chowpatty beach in front
of a large crowd that included well-known names, including the king of nearby
Baroda. The aircraft is said to have attained an elevation of nearly 1,500 feet and
stayed airborne for several minutes. Some claim Talpade used mercury as a fuel for
the aircraft, while others say it was some type of urine. There has been a renewed
interest in his story of late.
Between 1900 and 1902, the Wright Brothers, Wilbur and Orville Wright from
Dayton, Ohio, designed and tested numerous glider and kite models. They built a
wind tunnel and then created various devices to measure the drag and lift on more
than two hundred wing designs. Finally, their third glider was a success as it outdid
its predecessors, which heavily contributed to the aeronautical engineering field.

The Wright Brothers also worked together to solve the current issue of controlled,
powered flight. They solved the control problem by creating wing warping for yaw
control, roll control, and a steerable rudder. On December 17th, 1903, the two
brothers successfully built and launched the first crewed heavier-than-air flight. This
is also the universally recognized date that launched modern aviation. On that day,
they made a total of four flights in their simple aircraft, with the longest one piloted
by Wilbur, covering 852 feet in 49 seconds.
In 1906, Alberto Santos-Dumont set the world record by flying his aircraft, “14-
bis,” 220 meters (about twice the length of a football field) in 21.5 seconds over
Paris. He also advanced the design by incorporating moveable parts to the wings to
gain lateral stability. Later, in 1908, he started working with Clement-Bayard
company to build the first mass-produced aircraft, the Demoiselle No. 19.
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How Aviation Evolved from Military Applications to Civilian
Aircraft became militarized as soon as it was invented. Italy was the first country
to employ aircraft for military operations. They used airships and monoplanes to
bomb, shell, and transportation during the Turkish-Italian War in Libya.
In 1914, Roland Garros attached a machine gun to his aircraft, making him the
first “ace.” And the following year, Kurt Wintgens secured his first aerial victory
using a fighter plane designed with a machine gun.
Aircraft were first used in active combat on a large scale in World War I. This
played a decisive role in the First World War. France became the leading aircraft
manufacturer during the war, producing over 68,000 airplanes between 1914 and
1918. During World War II, nearly all nations increased their production and
development of aircraft and flight-based systems. The military used fighter bombers,
strategic bombers, dive bombers, and ground-attack aircraft.
The invention of radar technology led to more precise, coordinated, and
controlled deployment. In 1942, Arado Ar 234, the first jet-powered bomber, was
launched. The Second World War also led to the rapid development of helicopters.
By the end of the Second World War, there were airports or landing strips in many
cities and towns. During this period, civil aviation experienced tremendous growth
because military aircraft were repurposed as personal or airliner planes.
Revolutionary aircraft designs, for instance, the Douglas DC-3, a reliable all-
metal passenger airplane with rubberized seats to reduce vibrations and noise-
deadening plastic insulation, helped make flying more comfortable and accessible
for new travelers. To standardize the safety, consistency, and efficiency of civil
flights, the Convention on International Civil Aviation was established in 1944.
Standardization of civil flights led to safer, more affordable airliners run by major
carriers.
World War II (1939–1945)
World War II saw a great increase in the pace of development and production,
not only of aircraft but also the associated flight-based weapon delivery systems. Air
combat tactics and doctrines took advantage. Large-scale strategic bombing
campaigns were launched, fighter escorts introduced and the more flexible aircraft
and weapons allowed precise attacks on small targets with dive bombers, fighter-
bombers, and ground-attack aircraft. New technologies like radar also allowed more
coordinated and controlled deployment of air defense.
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 Me 262, world first operational jet fighter
Postwar era (1945–1979)
After World War II, commercial aviation grew rapidly, using mostly ex-military
aircraft to transport people and cargo. This growth was accelerated by the glut of
heavy and super-heavy bomber airframes like the B-29 and Lancaster that could be
converted into commercial aircraft. [citation needed] The DC-3 also made for easier
and longer commercial flights. The first commercial jet airliner to fly was the British
de Havilland Comet. By 1952, the British state airline BOAC had introduced the
Comet into scheduled service. While a technical achievement, the plane suffered a
series of highly public failures, as the shape of the windows led to cracks due to
metal fatigue. The fatigue was caused by cycles of pressurization and
depressurization of the cabin and eventually led to catastrophic failure of the plane's
fuselage. By the time the problems were overcome, other jet airliner designs had
already taken to the skies.
ICAO – The International Civil Aviation Organization and the
Chicago Convention
Another twin signature for the Chicago Convention can be identified as the
Convention on International Civil Aviation, which was signed on 7 December 1944
by 52 States. However, a number of 26 States were in the state of imminence of
enacting their approval to the convention. By 5th of March 1947, the remainder 26th
states gave their permission to be embodied into the endorsement. ICAO was birthed
on the 4th of April, 1947. In October of the same year, the United Nations
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categorized and gave home to the ICAO to be a branch under its home, a standing
peer to the FAO, WTO, UNICEF, and other important arms of the UN, with the
permission to divaricate.
The functions and activities of The ICAO include
• Establishing and reviewing international technical standards for aircraft
operation and design.
• Crash investigation and search-and-rescue missions.
• The licensing of personnel, telecommunications, meteorology, air navigation
equipment ground facilities for air transport.
• The organization also promotes regional and international agreements aimed
at liberalizing aviation markets.
• Helps to establish legal standards to ensure that the growth of aviation does
not compromise safety, and encourages the development of other aspects of
international aviation law
It is also crucial to consider the Annexures of the International Civil Aviation
Organization and the level of importance that are held with regards in respecting the
requirements needed for the smooth, secure, and safe operation within the various
and all departments of the Air Industry. They are as follows:

Annex 1 – Personal licensing Annex 11 – Air traffic services

Annex 2 – Rules of the air
Annex 3 – Meteorological services for
international air navigation
Annex 4 – Aeronautical charts
Annex 5 – Units of measurement used
in air
Annex 6 – Operation of aircraft (3
parts)
Annex 7 – Aircraft nationality and
registration marks
Annex 8 – Airworthiness of aircraft
Annex 9 – Facilitation
Annex 10 – Aeronautical
telecommunications (5 parts)
Annex 12 – Search and rescue
Annex 13 – Aircraft accident and
incident investigation
Annex 14 – Aerodromes (4 parts)
Annex 15 – Aeronautical Information
services
Annex 16 – Environmental protection (2
parts)
Annex 17 – Security & safeguarding
Annex 18 – Transport of dangerous
goods
Annex 19 – Safety management

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Freedoms of the Air
i. First Freedom of the Air - the right or privilege, in respect of scheduled
international air services, granted by one State to another State or States to fly
across its territory without landing (also known as a First Freedom Right).
ii. Second Freedom of the Air - the right or privilege, in respect of scheduled
international air services, granted by one State to another State or States to
land in its territory for non-traffic purposes (also known as a Second Freedom
Right).
iii. Third Freedom of The Air - the right or privilege, in respect of scheduled
international air services, granted by one State to another State to put down,
in the territory of the first State, traffic coming from the home State of the
carrier (also known as a Third Freedom Right)
iv. Fourth Freedom of The Air - the right or privilege, in respect of scheduled
international air services, granted by one State to another State to take on, in
the territory of the first State, traffic destined for the home State of the carrier
(also known as a Fourth Freedom Right).
v. Fifth Freedom of The Air - the right or privilege, in respect of scheduled
international air services, granted by one State to another State to put down
and to take on, in the territory of the first State, traffic coming from or destined
to a third State (also known as a Fifth Freedom Right).
vi. ICAO characterizes all "freedoms" beyond the Fifth as "so-called" because
only the first five "freedoms" have been officially recognized as such by
international treaty.
vii. Sixth Freedom of The Air - the right or privilege, in respect of scheduled
international air services, of transporting, via the home State of the carrier,
traffic moving between two other States (also known as a Sixth Freedom
Right). The so-called Sixth Freedom of the Air, unlike the first five freedoms,
is not incorporated as such into any widely recognized air service agreements
such as the "Five Freedoms Agreement".
viii. Seventh Freedom of The Air - the right or privilege, in respect of scheduled
international air services, granted by one State to another State, of transporting
traffic between the territory of the granting State and any third State with no
requirement to include on such operation any point in the territory of the
recipient State, i.e., the service need not connect to or be an extension of any
service to/from the home State of the carrier.

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ix. Eighth Freedom of The Air - the right or privilege, in respect of scheduled
international air services, of transporting cabotage traffic between two points
in the territory of the granting State on a service which originates or terminates
in the home country of the foreign carrier or (in connection with the so-called
Seventh Freedom of the Air) outside the territory of the granting State (also
known as an Eighth Freedom Right or "consecutive cabotage").
x. Ninth Freedom of The Air - the right or privilege of transporting cabotage
traffic of the granting State on a service performed entirely within the territory
of the granting State (also known as a Ninth Freedom Right or "stand alone"
cabotage).
Aircraft Manufacturers
In the modern airline industry so far, the top 10 aircraft manufacturers are
• Lockheed Martin
• Airbus
• Boeing
• Raytheon Technologies (fka United Technologies)
• Bharat Dynamics Limited
• General Electric
• Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (Indian Manufacturer)
• Boeing India Private Limited
• Bombardier
• United Aircraft Corporation.
Boeing
Perhaps one of the most recognizable names in the aircraft manufacturing
industry, Boeing is an American corporation that sell commercial airliner aircraft as
well as weapons systems, satellites, and rockets the company is well known for their
747, 737, and other Dreamliner models, which are among some of the most popular
airliner models in existence. Sadly, in 2021, the company began to slow the
production of the 787 due to forensic investigations into the quality of the planes.
There have been multiple reported issues with the model, such as electrical problems
and gaps around the forward pressure bulkhead. Despite this, the company continues
to push on in other areas in order to maximize revenue in 2021. They have just sold
a new fleet of 737 aircraft to the British airline company, Ryanair, after a few months
of delay.

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Airbus
Airbus SE is a European company and the world's biggest airliner manufacturer.
They also manufacture military aircraft and helicopters, though the vast majority of
their business dealings are in commercial airliner manufacturing. They began
exclusively as an airliner company, though began to manufacture military-grade
aircraft in the 1990s. For a long time, Boeing was the biggest company
manufacturing airliners, but Airbus SE has overtaken them in recent years. The
company is largely based in France, though also has offices and production lines all
across the world, including in Canada and The U.S. The first-ever digital fly by wire
airliner plane was manufactured and sold by Airbus, hence why they are one of the
best-renowned companies now for making airliners. Fly by wire means having an
electronic interface for the pilot instead of manual controls.

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Hindustan Aeronautics Limited
Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) is an Indian state-owned aerospace and
defense company, headquartered in Bangalore, India. Established on 23 December
1940, HAL is one of the oldest and largest aerospace and defense manufacturers in
the world today. HAL began aircraft manufacturing as early as 1942 with licensed
production of Harlow PC-5, Curtiss P-36 Hawk and Vultee A-31 Vengeance for the
Indian Air Force. HAL currently has 11 dedicated Research and development (R&D)
centers and 21 manufacturing divisions under 4 production units spread across India.
HAL is managed by a Board of Directors appointed by the President of India through
the Ministry of Defense, Government of India. HAL is currently involved in
designing and manufacturing of fighter jets, helicopters, jet engine and marine gas
turbine engine, avionics, software development, spares supply, overhauling and
upgrading of Indian military aircraft.
Bharat Dynamics Limited
Bharat Dynamics Limited (BDL) is one of India's manufacturers of ammunitions
and missile systems. It was founded in 1970 in Hyderabad, Telangana, India. BDL
was established to be a manufacturing base for guided weapon systems and begun
with a pool of engineers drawn from Indian Ordnance Factories, DRDO and
aerospace industries. It began by producing a first-generation anti-tank guided
missile - the French SS11B1. This product was a culmination of a license agreement
the Government of India entered into with Aerospatiale. BDL has three
manufacturing units, located at Kanchanbagh, Hyderabad, Telangana; Bhanur,
Medak district, Telangana and Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh.
General Electric
In the 2020 financial year, GE Aviation made a revenue of $22.04 billion USD.
General Electric Aviation do not make their own aircraft; however, they do supply
engines, computers, and much more to the big aircraft manufacturers. This means
that their customers include many of the other companies on this list - Lockheed
Martin, for instance, and Airbus. The vast majority of their revenue is derived from
making engines for commercial airliner planes. One of their most notable inventions
is the GEnx, a commercial engine designed specifically for the Boeing Dreamliner
range (the 747 and 787). It is also their fastest selling engine ever designed! Other
popular models of engine by General Electric Aviation include the GP7200, built in
collaboration with Raytheon Technologies, which provides the Airbus A380 with
the most fuel-efficient engine currently available on the market.
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Innovation in the field of Aviation
We live in an era where technology is advancing more rapidly than it ever has in
any other point in history. From the advent of predictive maintenance to the
improvement in cloud technologies, this article will break down the top 5 aviation
industry innovations and trends in the year 2023.
Cloud Technologies
When it comes to aircraft transportation, commercial aircraft in particular,
information transfer needs to be instantaneous, or as close to instantaneous as
possible. More than anything, cloud technologies enable other technologies in the
aviation industry to prosper.
Predictive Maintenance
Predictive maintenance is one feat greatly enabled by advancements in cloud
technology. As opposed to traditional maintenance, which is both time-consuming
and inefficient, predictive maintenance leverages machine learning to optimize time
and resources spent on maintenance tasks. The best predictive maintenance software
can determine which aircraft components need repair before they show any signs of
suboptimal performance.
Sustainability Innovations
The aviation industry has committed to a self-imposed goal of achieving net zero
carbon emissions by the year 2050. Through this ambitious objective, green
technologies in the industry have begun to emerge. One such technology is
sustainable aviation fuel (SAF). Of all the technologies that could potentially bring
the aviation industry closer to its ecological goals, the popularization of SAFs shows
the most promise in terms of its impact and effectiveness.
Digitization of Airports
Although digital technology has existed for quite some time now, digitizing an
industry as large as the aviation industry is a complicated process. Thankfully, airline
engineers are up for the task, as evidenced by the bleeding-edge technology used to
replace manual processes in Helsinki Airport (among others). Such technology
doesn’t have to be convoluted to be impactful either. Something as simple as better
security control so that passengers can leave electronics and liquids in their bags
while scanning them will save loads of time in the long run.

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Social Distancing Technology
The Covid-19 pandemic hit the aviation industry especially hard, and to fight
back, airline engineers have designed ways to maximize the safety of the boarding
and flying process. Using cameras and 3D sensors, smart airport technologies are
capable of monitoring airport traffic and rerouting it in such a way as to minimize
the amount of human contact that may occur during a passenger’s travel day. Other
simple measures such as virtual queueing make safe travel in this day and age a
possibility.
2023 is proving to be yet another productive year when it comes to reaching new
heights in the aviation industry. Every year, flying becomes safer, faster, and more
eco-friendly thanks to advancements in technology. Despite the hurdles that airlines
have had to face, from the pressure to go carbon neutral to the Covid-19 pandemic
that has reduced the number of daily flights, it’s these advancements in technology
that have allowed the aviation industry to continue to prosper.
IATA (International Air Transportation Association)
The International Air Transport Association is a trade association of the world's
airlines founded in 1945. IATA has been described as a cartel since, in addition to
setting technical standards for airlines, IATA also organized tariff conferences that
served as a forum for price fixing. Consisting in 2016 of 290 airlines, primarily major
carriers, representing 117 countries, the IATA's member airlines account for
carrying approximately 82% of total available seat miles air traffic. IATA supports
airline activity and helps formulate industry policy and standards. It is headquartered
in Montreal, Canada with executive offices in Geneva, Switzerland. The focus area
of IATA include:
• Safety
• Simplifying the Business
• Environment
o An average improvement in fuel efficiency of 1.5% per annum from
2009 through 2020
o A cap on net carbon emissions from aviation from 2020 (carbon-neutral
growth)
o A 50% reduction in net aviation carbon emissions by 2050 relative to
2005 levels.

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 Mysore Domestic Airport

Company Profile:
Mysore Domestic Airport.
Social Links: Twitter
Airport Contact Information:
• Name: Manjunatha R, Airport Director
• Address: Airports Authority of India Mysore Airport Mysore (Karnataka)
• Email: apdmysuru@aai.aero
• Telephone: 91-821-2596333
• Fax: 91-821-2596333
• Airport Contact Type: Airport Address
• Name: Regional Executive Director
• Address: Southern Region Airports Authority of India ATS Complex Chennai
Airport CHENNAI- 600 027
• Email: redsr@aai.aero
• Telephone: 91-44-22561234, 22561515 Extn 4300
• Fax: 91-44-22561010
• Airport Contact Type: Airport Address
• Name: Anita Varghese, JGM(ATC) & Safety Investigation Coordinator (SIC)
• Address: Airports Authority of India Mysore Airport Mysore (Karnataka)
• Email: avarghese@aai.aero

16 | P a g e
 • Telephone: 9495681914
• Airport Contact Type: Airport Address
• Airport Category: Domestic
• ICAO Airport code: VOMY
• IATA Airport code: MYQ
• Airport type: Public
• Owner/Operator: Airports Authority of India
• Serves: Mysore
• Location: Mandakalli, Karnataka, India
• Opened: 1940 (81 years ago)
• Elevation: AMSL 715 m / 2,347 ft
• Coordinates: 12°13′48″N 76°39′21″E
The DGCA
In the dominion of India, The DGCA, an acronym for the Directorate General of
Civil Aviation, is the vital institution, a statutory body of the Government of India
to regulate civil aviation and responsible for Carrying out amendments to the
Aircraft Act, the Aircraft Rules and the Civil Aviation Requirements for complying
with the amendments to ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization) Annexes,
and initiating proposals for amendment to any other Act, or for passing a new Act in
order to give effect to an international Convention or amendment to an existing
convention.
It became a statutory body under the Aircraft (Amendment) Act, 2020. The
DGCA investigates aviation accidents and incidents, maintains all regulations
related to aviation and is responsible for issuance of licenses pertaining to aviation
like PPL's (Professional Pilot License), SPL's (Student Pilot License) and CPL's
(Commercial Pilot License) in India.
It is important to be aware of the fact that the DGCA is not the sole operator of
maintaining authority in field of Civil Aviation in India. Another member of the
Ministry of Civil Aviation that carries sovereignty in maintaining the regulations is
the Airport Authority of India.

17 | P a g e
Airport Authority of India. (A brief study)
The Airports Authority of India, or AAI, is a Statutory Body under the ownership
of the Ministry of Civil Aviation, Government of India. It is responsible for:
• Creating and upgrading
• Maintaining, and managing civil aviation infrastructure in India.
• It provides Communication Navigation Surveillance/Air Traffic Management
(CNS/ATM) services over Indian airspace and adjoining oceanic areas.
AAI is currently managing a total of
• 137 airports, including 34 international airports, 10 Customs Airports, 81
domestic airports
• 23 Civil enclaves at defense airfields.
• AAI also has ground installations at all airports and 25 other locations to
ensure the safety of aircraft operations.
• AAI covers all major air routes over Indian landmass via 29 Radar
installations at 11 locations along with 700 VOR/DVOR installations co-
located with Distance Measuring Equipment (DME).
• 52 runways are provided with Instrument landing system (ILS) installations
with Night Landing Facilities at most of these airports and an Automatic
Message Switching System at 15 Airports.
The Domestic Airport of Mysore is an aerodrome integrated to the Airport
Authority of India in the form of ownership by the AAI to the aerodrome. Located
in the city that hosts the Dasara festival, Mysore Domestic Airport is where is
affixed.
History of Mysore Domestic Airport
Mysore Domestic Airport, also known as Mandakalli Airport, is a domiciliary
airport offering its aviation facilities to the fife of Mysore, a city in the Indian state
of Karnataka. It is positioned near the village of Mandakalli, 10 kilometers (6.2 mi)
south of the city, and is legally possessed and operated by the Airports Authority of
India (AAI). As of October 2019, the airport has regular daily flights to Chennai,
Hyderabad, Bangalore and Goa.

18 | P a g e
 The airport's history dates to the 1940s, when it was constructed by the Kingdom
of Mysore. Passenger service, training flights of the Indian Air Force, and other
operations took place at Mysore Airport during its first several decades.
In 1940, the Princely State of Mysore established the airport on 290 acres (120
ha) of land. Following Indian independence in 1947, the Government of Karnataka
assumed control of the airfield. The Ministry of Civil Aviation took control in 1950.
Passenger service to Bangalore using Dakota aircraft began, but it did not last long
as people found travel by road to be faster. Thereafter, The Hindu started daily flights
from Chennai via Bangalore to deliver its newspapers. However, these flights lasted
only a few months.
Afterward, the airfield was used by charter flights carrying foreign tourists and
by flights transporting dignitaries to the city, such as Jawaharlal Nehru. The Indian
Air Force operated training flights at the airport as well. In 1985, regional airline
Vayudoot commenced thrice weekly flights from Bangalore using its Dornier 228
aircraft. The service was inaugurated by famous Indian writer R. K. Narayan. At the
time, Mysore Airport consisted solely of a grass airstrip and a one-roomed terminal
with one toilet. Because of low passenger loads, the flights ended in 1990.
The existing terminal was built in 2010, allowing the airport to handle 200
passengers. Airlines started commencing flights, however due to poor response, the
flights were stopped leaving the airport unused. With central government's UDAN
scheme, flights started functioning again, and as of December 2020, there are flights
to 7 destinations from Mysore Airport.
Operational Departments within Mysore Domestic Airport
1. Land Side Operations of Mysore Domestic Airport
2. Airside Operations of Mysore Domestic Airport
1. Landside Operations
At these present times, progressive airports define land side operations as
conveniences, resources, amenities, and services that direct passengers and cargo to
undergo their required procedures such as baggage scanning and custom duty
intermediaries before they board their prescribed aircraft. In simplicity, landside
operations are the tranche of an airport between the aircraft and the boundary of the
airport (The Terminal). Mysore Domestic Airport does not fall short in maintaining
the standards needed to rhythmically withhold its landside operations, which
include:
19 | P a g e
1. B. Terminal Building
• Who handles security of the terminal building of Mysore Domestic
aerodrome?
• Passenger check-in: Passenger travel documents needed to maneuver through
the terminal of the airport. It is important to hold awareness that since Mysore
Airport is of a Domestic category, The Immigration office in charge of VISA
operations for international travel is locked. This will further be discussed in
this study.
• Passenger Security and scanning machines;
• What kind of devices protect Mysore Domestic Airport?
o Baggage and Luggage scanning.
o Color codes for items during scanning.
• Baggage Policy as per the airline;
• Airlines Operating out of Mysore Domestic Airport
• What are the airlines that offer their services to this aerodrome?
• Destinations under the UDAN Scheme.
• Total number of flights
2. Airside Operations
• Airfield Physical Data
o Elevation of Mysore Domestic Airport
o Reference Temperature
• Runway
o Dimensions of the runway (L x W)
o Type of Runway and classification
o Runway Markings
▪ Visual Aid
▪ Lighting
▪ Landing system
▪ Elevation
o Coordinates of the runway (Lat/Long)
• Aerodrome Reference Point
• Management of Aircraft Movement
o Foreign Object Debris detection
o Wildlife Management
o Weather forecasting devices
20 | P a g e
 o Coordinating responses to airside incidents, accidents, emergencies.
o Vehicle escorts for companies and contractors requiring airside
access.
• Ramp activities;
o Loading and unloading of:
▪ Baggage
▪ Air cargo
▪ Air-mail
▪ Passengers
o Engagement of Aircraft Ground Power Unit (AGPU) for supplying
electric power to the aircraft.
o Engagement of Pre-Conditioned Air (PCA) Unit for supplying air
conditioning in aircraft cabin.
o Replenishment of meals with Aircraft Catering Truck.
o Replenishment of potable water with Potable Water Truck.
o Refueling with Fuel Hydrant Dispenser or Aircraft Refueler Truck.
o Servicing aircraft waste tank with Lavatory Service Equipment.
o Aircraft engine startup with Air Start Unit (ASU).
o Pushback operation on departure with Aircraft Pushback Tractor.
• Air Traffic Control
o Ground Control
o Tower Control

21 | P a g e
Terminal Building
It contains humor when stating that passengers will simply get on an aircraft and
carry enroute to their desired destination without the need to undergo any form of
required procedures or check-points. But if only matters were that undemanding, it
does make it interesting to see at what stage aviation will be on at a time like this,
nonetheless, it will never enter such a straightforward framework.
The Terminal Building of Mysore Domestic Airport which was constructed with
an area of 3250 Square Meters which is suitable to handle 150 passengers at a peak
time. The terminal envelopes materials of glass & steel structure having all modern
passenger amenities such as central Air-Conditioning, Passenger Baggage Handling
System, Flight Information Display System (FIDS), Public Address System, Fire
Fighting System, Car parking for parking of 150 cars etc. In addition, new control
tower cum technical block, fire station for category – VI. However, before
understanding the infrastructure about Mysore Domestic Airport, let the study allow
the audience to comprehend what kind of activities occur within terminal buildings
of aerodromes. It is important to know that these activities offered by terminals are
judged by the ISO (International Standard Organization) and must maintain a certain
altitude of caliber. These activities can be divided within four categories:
i. Departure Hall, which includes:
ii. Arrival Hall
iii. Transfer Facilities
iv. Backup Offices

22 | P a g e
Security at Mysore Domestic Airport’s Terminal and Passenger
Security Scanning
It is not of unusual news to be aware that aviation is under heavy threat from
foreign disruption. The hijacking of aircrafts and dismantling civilians as hostages
on such aircrafts is one of aviation’s biggest threats. It is also important to note that
security in Mysore Domestic Airport is hired by the State police whereas the security
for KIAL is hired by the CISF.
After two-years full-fledged operation, the Mysore airport at Mandakalli on the
Mysore-Nanjangud Road, has finally got an exclusive security force. A total of 44
police personnel, in different cadres have been deployed at the airport from
September Police Commissioner M A Saleem told Deccan Herald. The force will
work in tandem with the City Armed Reserve (CAR) policemen, already posted on
airport duty. The men have been trained in airport security from a dedicated team of
experts of the Bureau of Civil Aviation, Hyderabad. Before passengers enter the
terminal, the security officers at the entrance request the travelers for their
documents and interrogate the passenger with basic questions, such as:
• Where are you heading?
• What is your name?
• Which airline will be the one offering you service?
• How many pieces of luggage will you be carrying?

23 | P a g e
Passenger and Luggage Screening
Once the physical portion of the security is satisfied, that is the asking about personal
documents and making sure no suspicion arises and all formalities in terms of travel
documents are successfully processed, passengers are then allowed to enter the
terminal. As passengers enter the terminal, they are greeted by the technical security
measures. Before illustrating the process and journey within the terminal, let us
understand what kind of security devices are present within Mysore Domestic
Airport. The security measures present within Mysore domestic are listed below and
will be explained in detailed:
• Passenger Pre-Board Screening: is a category of the security measures where
travelers are physically scanned by machines in order to conceal any hidden
items that the passenger may be carrying.
o Who is screened? Passengers entering the secure area of the airport
o Methods: Walk-through metal detector, hand-held metal detector, full-
body scanner, partial or full pat-down, explosives trace detection
• Hold Baggage Screening (HBS)
o What is screened? Passengers’ checked baggage handed over to the
airlines
o Methods: Computed Tomography (CT) system, explosives detection
system (EDS), X-ray system, explosives trace detection (ETD),
physical search
o Typical Throughput: Liquids, aerosols, and gels (LAGs) of any
amount, clothes, shoes, accessories, electronics, toiletries, food,
souvenirs

24 | P a g e
 o Allowable Items: Sharp objects (knives, box cutters, scissors),
firearms, ammunition, sporting equipment, alcohol, self-defense
sprays, martial arts weapons, tools
• Cabin Baggage Screening (CBS)
o What is screened? Passengers’ carry-on baggage and personal
belongings
o Methods: X-ray system, explosives trace detection, physical search
o Typical Throughput: Clothes, shoes, accessories, jewelry, cell phones,
laptops, tablets, e-Readers, toiletries, medication, food/snacks,
literature
o Allowable Items: E-cigarettes and vaping devices, lighters, ice skates
and rollerblades, disposable razors, undeveloped camera film
o Prohibited Items: Firearms, ammunition, sporting equipment (baseball
bats, golf clubs, ski poles), LAGs over a certain amount, fireworks,
hoverboards, gel candles
• Non-Passenger Screening
o Who is screened? Airport employees, airline staff, and contracted
workers accessing restricted areas of the airport along with their
personal items. Includes flight and cabin crews, baggage handlers,
maintenance personnel, customer service representatives, caterers, etc.

25 | P a g e
Baggage policies and the Airlines Operating in Mysore Airport
Airlines Hand Baggage
One handbag up to 7 kgs
and 115 cms (L+W+H),
shall be allowed per
customer. For contactless
travel we recommend
placing it under the seat in
front, on board
One piece of cabin bag,
plus one personal item.
Your carry-on baggage
should fit into the
Alliance Air overhead
bins or under the seat in
front of you. Carry-on
baggage cannot exceed
114 centimeters in
combined width, length
and height
One cabin bag per
passenger weighing no
more than 7kg. The
measurement of the
article should not be more
than 115cm
Check-in Baggage
15kg allowance per
person (1 piece only). For
Double or Multisets
bookings, extra 10 kg.
Additional charges may
apply for excess baggage
2 bags standard, up to 10
bags maximum (up to 4
bags on Alliance Air
Connection) Maximum
dimensions: 62 inches or
157 centimeters (length +
width + height).
maximum weight: 50
pounds or 23 kilograms.
Check-in baggage of up to
15kg. the measurement
should not be more than
158cm in dimensions.
26 | P a g e
UDAN Scheme and Mysore Domestic Airport
Kingfisher airlines operated services from 1st October 2010 to 17th November
2011 in MYQ. Between 14th January 2013 to 25th October 2014, SpiceJet Airlines
operated services at this airport. Later, Alliance airlines (Air India) operated between
3rd September 2015 and 17th November 2015, and Trujet under RCS “UDAN”
(Udey Desh Ka Aam Nagrik) is operating from 20th September 2017 till date
successfully. The most demanded sectors are Goa, Mumbai, Cochin, Chennai,
Hyderabad, Trivandrum, Jaipur, Delhi, Ahmadabad, Tirupati, Calicut,
Bangalore. Proposed to extend the runway for operation of A- 320 Type of aircrafts.
Mysuru: The Union Government has approved to provide air connectivity to five
prominent cities from Mandakalli Airport, under its Udey Desh ka Aam Nagrik
(UDAN)-3. As per the initiative, six aircrafts will fly between Mysuru and five other
cities — Hyderabad, Belagavi, Panaji, Kochi and Bengaluru, while two aircrafts will
fly to Hyderabad, there will be one flight each to Belagavi, Kochi, Panaji and
Bengaluru. Three airline operators: Alliance Airline, Turbo Megha and Indigo
Airlines have come forward to offer the services.

27 | P a g e
Airside Operations of Mysore Domestic Airport.
In aviation, airside operations can be explained as the portion of an airport
between the boarding gates and the airspace. Major elements of the airside are
runways, taxiways, and navigational systems. Primary jurisdiction over the airside
lies with the Airport Authority OF India, which funds, maintains, and operates
control towers and navigational systems in Mysore Domestic Airport. Although the
airport operator is responsible for construction and maintenance of runways and
taxiways, these are also financially supported by the AAI. The information below
discusses the airfield data present in Mysore Domestic Airport:
1. Apron surface and strength Surface Rigid
Strength 108/R/C/W/T
2. Taxiway width, surface and Width 23M
strength Surface Rigid
Strength 108/R/C/W/T
3. ACL and Elevation Location Aircraft Stands 1,
2&3
Elevation 2334.95FT
4. VOR/INS Checkpoints VOR Nil
INS Nil

28 | P a g e
Air Traffic Control and Emergency Services of Mysore Domestic
Airport
In aviation, airside operations can be explained as the portion of an airport
between the boarding gates and the airspace. Major elements of the airside are
runways, taxiways, and navigational systems. Primary jurisdiction over the airside
lies with the Airport Authority OF India, which funds, maintains, and operates
control towers and navigational systems in Mysore Domestic Airport. Although the
airport operator is responsible for construction and maintenance of runways and
taxiways, these are also financially supported by the AAI.
Air traffic control (or ATC) is system whereby ground-based controllers direct
aircraft movements, usually via push-to-talk VHF radio. This coordinated oversight
facilitates safety and speed in complex operations where traffic moves in all three
dimensions.
The Air Traffic Control in Mysore is divided in two:
• Ground Control
• Tower Control
Ground Control is responsible for directing all ground traffic in designated
"movement areas," except the traffic on runways. This includes planes, baggage
trains, snowplows, grass cutters, fuel trucks, and a wide array of other vehicles.
Ground Control will instruct these vehicles on which taxiways to use, which runway
they will use (in the case of planes), where they will park, and when it is safe to cross
runways. When a plane is ready to take off it will stop short of the runway, at which
point it will be turned over to Tower Control. After a plane has landed, it will depart
the runway and be returned to Ground Control.
Tower Control controls aircraft on the runway and in the controlled airspace
immediately surrounding the airport. Tower controllers use radar to identify and
accurately locate an aircraft's position in three-dimensional space. They coordinate
the sequencing of aircraft in the traffic pattern and direct aircraft on how to safely
join and leave the circuit. Aircraft which are only passing through the airspace must
also contact Tower Control in order to be sure that they remain clear of other traffic
and do not disrupt operations.

29 | P a g e
30 | P a g e
Emergency services at Mysore Domestic Airport
According to the report published by the Airport Authority of India for Mysore
Domestic Airport, it is mentioned that the aerodrome of Mysore offers Category V
level of emergency operations. This means that Mysore Domestic Airport can
tackle emergency or abnormal situations may develop as a result of one or more
factors within or outside an aircraft, for example:
• Fire on board the aircraft;
• Aircraft component failure or malfunction (e.g., engine failure, landing gear
malfunction or loss of pressurization);
• Shortage of fuel (or other essential consumable substance);
• Flight crew uncertain of position;
• Worsening weather;
• Pilot incapacitation (e.g., as a result of illness);
• Aircraft damage (e.g., as a result of collision, bird strike or extreme weather;
• Illegal activity (e.g., bomb-threat, willful damage or hi-jacking).
The Vehicle on the left:

• ATR 72 (old model)

• Water
• 2500 liters per minute (Roof
hose)
• Water of 6000 liters
• 30m extended handline

The Vehicle to the right:

• ATR 72
• Water and foam
• 3000 liters per minute (Roof
hose)
• 500 Liters per minute
(Bumper turret)
• 0 to 80 in 22 Seconds
• Foam of 800 liters
• Water of 8000 liters
• 354 Crores
• 30m extended handline

31 | P a g e
32 | P a g e
 Future Development of Mysore Domestic Airport

Explaining the current status of the Mysuru airport and the proposed expansion,
the Director, Mr. Manjunath said that the State Government had already released
₹320 crore towards land acquisition and the Karnataka Industrial Area Development
Authority (KIADB) was already processing it. Speaking to the students of
Sambhram Academy of Management of Studies, the Director stated that there are
grand plans to develop various airports in Karnataka but Mysore Airport will get a
particular focus. The upgraded Airport will be able to boost Industrial and
Agricultural Hubs in Mysore. In addition, the terminal will be able to meet
international standard recognition.
At present, only ATR-72 type planes can land at Mysore Airport which has a
length of 1,740 metres and a breadth of 30 metres. To facilitate the landing of bigger
planes, the runway must be expanded to 2,750 metres and its breadth has to extend
up to 45 metres. Over 240 acres of additional land is required for the expansion, the
Minister noted. The Mysore Airport is spread over 490 acres and the land will be
acquired by the State Government and it will be handed over to the Airports
Authority of India (AAI) for expansion. The expanded runway where planes like
Boeing 737 and Airbus A320 can land.

33 | P a g e
 Dwelling on the future prospects and the benefits of the airport expansion to the
local economy, Mr. Manjunath said that the software industry which was
establishing campuses in Mysuru, would expedite the process while investment in
hardware and other sectors would receive a boost. The airport was geographically
well situated to cater to the industrial expansion around Mysuru, according to Mr.
Manjunath who pointed out that the presence of the airport would give traction to
the proposed ₹22,900 crore semi-conductor project coming up in the city.
B.S. Prabhakar, Chairman, IEI, N. Suresh, Director, Fire Safety and Research
Foundation, and others were in communication with the Director and have also
discussed the plot that Mysore Airport will also be a hub for MROs. MRO stands
for Maintenance, Repair, and Overhaul (MRO) in Aviation Industry. Future
development plans include:
• Extension of Isolation Bay & Secondary Runway.
• Extension of Boundary Wall, Perimeter Road.
• Widening of Basic Strip from 150m to 300m.
• Link Taxi way.
• Extension of Apron (from 135m x 100m to 200m x 120m).
• Developing of runway (05-23).
• Extension of Terminal Building.
• Up-gradation of Fire Station, Check-in-counters, Frisking Booths and
Electrical Works.
• Extension of Car-Park

34 | P a g e
Company Profile:
• Founded: December 21, 1945
• Starting date of operation: April 08, 1946
• Ownership: Government of Ethiopia (100%)
• Head Office: Bole International Airport
• P.O. Box 1755, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
• Tel: (+ 251) 11 5178407
• Fax: (+ 251) 11 661 1474
• Reservations: Tel: 6787 for local and (+251) ,116179900 for International
Customers
• Website: http://www.ethiopianairlines.com
• Chief Executive Officer: Mr. Mesfin Tasew
• Special Features:
o Cloud Nine: Combining First and Business Class services, Cloud Nine
gives you the space and comfort you need with 2-2-2 and 1-2-1 seat
configuration to sit back in style, enjoy the numerous Inflight
Entertainment choices and fly in absolute convenience.
o Economy Class: Graced with an African flavored Ethiopian hospitality,
our Economy class is equipped with the best entertainment options,
ensuring a memorable flight. From Blockbuster Hollywood films to TV
35 | P a g e
 shows and destination guides you’ll have all the entertainment you need
right at your screen.
o Frequent Flyer Programme: Ethiopian’s frequent flyers program Sheba
Miles, avails passengers award tickets, upgrades to business class,
access to all Star Alliance member airline executive lounges, additional
free baggage allowance and many other privileges for accumulated
mileages and based on tier levels. Join the program for free and start
earning miles for your flights with Ethiopian Airlines, Star Alliance
member airlines, partner airlines and for a variety of products and
services offered by our program partners.
• Passenger Airport Terminal: Inaugurated on 27 Jan 2019, Addis Ababa Bole
International Airport has the capacity to handle 22 million passengers per
annum.
• Ethiopian Hubs: Addis Ababa (Ethiopia) - Ethiopian Main Hub
o Lomé (Togo) - Ethiopian Second Hub
o Lilongwe (Malawi) – Ethiopian Third Hub
o Lusaka (Zambia) - Ethiopian Fourth Hub
• Human Capital: Number of employees: More than 17,000
• Ethiopian Aviation Academy (EAA): Ethiopian Aviation Academy (EAA) is
the largest and most modern aviation academy in Africa recognized as ICAO
regional Training Center of Excellence.
• Full flight simulator These are the most technologically advanced aircraft as
a sign of the company’s commitment to leading Africa’s aviation industry.
We have simulators for all the aircraft we fly;
o A350
o B787
o B777, B767/B757, B737 and Q400.
• Ethiopian Maintenance Repair and Overhaul (MRO): It is the largest MRO
service in Africa and serves Africa and the Middle East. The facility is fully
equipped with
o Hangars
o Engine and Component Maintenance workshops
o All equipment needed to repair/overhaul aircraft, engines and
components.
• Ethiopian Cargo: Ethiopian Cargo and Logistics services is the largest cargo
network operator in Africa. Currently with our dedicated freighters,

36 | P a g e
 o 9 - Boeing 777-200LRF
o Boeing 767-300F
o 4 - Boeing 737-800F
• 127 passenger aircrafts, we serve 66 cargos dedicated and 131+ passenger
destinations in Africa, the Middle East, Asia, Europe and the Americas with
an average daily uplift of over 2000 tons of which over 611 tons is transported
in a belly hold capacity. With human capital number of more than 17000
employee. Through a revision of its vision 2025, Ethiopian Cargo and
Logistics Services is planning to grow its cargo network to 90 destinations
and operate 37 freighter aircrafts by 2035.
International And Domestic Operations
1. Domestic:
Addis Ababa, Arba Minch, Assosa, Axum, Bahir Dar, Bale Robe, Dembidollo, Dire
Dawa, Gambella, Gode, Gonder, Hawassa, Humera, Jijiga, Jimma, Jinka, Kabri Dar,
Kombolcha, Lalibela, Mekelle, Semera, Shire
2. International
Africa: Abidjan, Abuja, Accra, Addis Ababa, Antananarivo, Asmara, Bamako,
Blantyre, Brazzaville, Bujumbura, Bulawayo, Bossaso, Cairo, Cape Town,
Comoros, Conakry, Cotonou, Dakar, Dar-Es-Salaam, Dire Dawa, Djibouti, Douala,
Entebbe, Enugu, Gaborone, Garowe, Goma, Harare, Hargeisa, Johannesburg, Juba,
Kano, Khartoum, Kigali, Kilimanjaro, Kinshasa, Lagos, Libreville, Lilongwe,
Lomé, Luanda, Lubumbashi, Lusaka, Malabo, Maputo, Mombasa, Mogadishu,
N’Djamena, Nairobi, Ndola, Niamey, Nosy Be, Ouagadougou, Pointe-Noire,
Seychelles, Victoria Falls, Windhoek, Yaoundé, Zanzibar
Europe, North and South America: Athens, Brussels, Dublin, Frankfurt, London,
Manchester, Madrid, Marseille, Rome, Milan, Oslo, Paris, Stockholm, Vienna,
Paris, Chicago, Washington DC, Newark, New York, Toronto, Buenos Aires, Sao
Paulo, Geneva, Zurich, Atlanta coming soon.
Middle East & Asia: Amman, Bahrain, Bangalore, Bangkok, Beijing, Beirut,
Chengdu, Chennai, Dammam, Delhi, Doha, Dubai, Guangzhou, Hong Kong,
Jakarta, Jeddah, Kuala Lumpur, Kuwait, Manila, Moscow, Mumbai, Muscat,
Riyadh, Seoul, Shanghai, Singapore, Tel Aviv, Tokyo, Karachi coming soon.

37 | P a g e
All Freighter Destinations
Africa: Accra, Antananarivo, Asmara, Bamako, Bangui, Brazzaville, Bujumbura,
Djibouti, Douala, Eldoret, Entebbe, Enugu, Harare, Hargeisa, Johannesburg, Juba
(Djouba), Kano, Khartoum, Kigali, Kinshasa, Lagos, Libreville, Lilongwe, Lome,
Lubumbashi, Lusaka, Mogadishu, Nairobi, N'Djamena, Niamey, Ouagadougou,
Windhoek, Yaoundé,
America & Canada: Bogota, Mexico, Miami, Quito, Santiago, São Paulo
Europe: Brussels, Liege, London, Maastricht, Oslo, Tel Aviv, Zaragoza
Asia: Bangalore, Changsha, Chennai/Madras, Dhaka, Guangzhou, Hanoi, Hong
Kong, Karaganda, Mumbai (Bombay), New Delhi, Seoul, Shanghai, Wuhan,
Zhengzhou
Middle East: Dubai, Jeddah, Kuwait, Riyadh, Sharjah
Branch Offices: Africa: Ethiopian has city and airport offices at locations to which
it operates. At other major locations it is served by accredited and designated General
Sales Agent (GSA).

38 | P a g e
Organizational Structure of Ethiopian Airlines

(Left) Mr. Mesfin Tasew:

Group Chief Executive
Officer
(Right) Mr. Retta Melaku
Chief: Operating Officer

39 | P a g e
 (Left) Mr. Meseret Bitew:
Chief Financial Officer
(Right) Mr. Abel Alemu:
Managing Director for
Ethiopian Cargo & Services.

Corporate Social Responsibility of Ethiopian Airlines

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is explicated as the idea, objective,
intention, purpose and scheme that a company should portray and execute a positive
role in the community and consider the environmental and social impact of business
decisions. It is closely linked to sustainability − creating economic, social, and
environmental value – and ESG, which stands for Environmental, Social, and
Governance. All three focus on non-financial factors that companies, large and
small, should consider when making business decisions.
The CSR of Ethiopian Airlines involves a broad scope of approaches and
initiatives—everything from sustainable practices to community involvement.
Customers increasingly expect responsible behavior from companies they do
business with.
Below are examples of corporate social responsibility Ethiopian Airlines:
CSR initiatives can range from philanthropy to operational changes and even
transforming your entire business strategy or model.
1. Donations and sponsorships
You can donate time and/or money to causes that are meaningful for your business,
employees and community.
2. Operational initiatives
Operational CSR initiatives are often oriented around improving business efficiency
or performance in ways that also have positive social or environmental impacts in
the wider community. Initiatives can fall into several categories, here are a few
examples.

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 • Environmental:
o Reduce your carbon footprint
o Improve energy efficiency
o Reduce waste, water use and emissions
• Social:
o Deal with diverse, local and socially responsible suppliers and partners
o Consult community stakeholders about business decisions
o Support community initiatives
• Workplace:
o Improve workplace diversity, equity and inclusion
o Enhance workplace health and safety
o Develop a code of ethics for your business and eliminate workplace
harassment and discrimination
3. Strategic transformation
Some CSR initiatives can involve a wholesale transformation in a company’s
business strategy or model to integrate social or environmental goals as a key
priority.
Many businesses imbed impact or purpose into their business model. You may
hear this referred to as social enterprises, purpose enterprises, and co-ops. They place
social or environmental goals at the heart of their mission and business strategy.
These companies are still businesses that seek a profit, but they also formally pledge
to focus on a “double bottom line” or even a “triple bottom line”—tracking profits
along with social and/or environmental impacts.
An example is B Corps—certified “Beneficial corporations” that follow a
rigorous process to assess their environmental, social and governance performance.
What are the main benefits of Ethiopian airlines incorporating corporate social
responsibility?
Ethiopian Airlines the following variety of reasons for pursuing CSR. Here are some
common benefits it achieves:
• Improved employee productivity, engagement, talent acquisition and
retention have increased by 3%.
• Lower costs and reduced waste, in comparison to competitors, Ethiopian
Airlines price tickets hold a ratio of 7:9.

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 • Enhanced community support, branding and customer loyalty. This allowed
Ethiopian to hold the first rank in Airlines located in the continent of Africa.
How does Ethiopian Airlines adopt corporate social responsibility into their
business?
These four steps can help Ethiopian Airlines to integrate CSR into the business.
1. Ethiopian Airlines first Assesses its current efforts
Any concern may already be doing some CSR informally without realizing it.
Start by reviewing your current environmental, social and governance (ESG)
practices and the impact of your products or services.
Ethiopian Airlines uses a B Corp assessment to get a good picture of your ESG
performance. This free confidential questionnaire allows you to get a score for your
ESG practices, policies and activities. You don’t need to pursue B Corp certification
to do the assessment.
2. Ethiopian Airlines second step is to Define its CSR objectives
Once the Airlines of Ethiopia defines its CSR objectives, it includes them in their
mission, values and planning.
3. Ethiopian Airlines to Decide on priorities
Once Ethiopian Airlines includes it CSR objectives into their planning, they then
pick a manageable number of priority initiatives. The airline also ensures to get input
from employees, partners and stakeholders on which initiatives to pursue.
4. Ethiopian Airlines to then Develop an action plan and follow up
Finally, Ethiopian Airlines develops an action plan to carry out the initiatives.
They include a timeline, a list of who is responsible for tasks and resources dedicated
to projects and are sure to follow up with regular meetings to monitor
implementation of the action plan, recognize successes, spot any shortfalls and make
needed adjustments.
Ethiopian Airlines knows It’s important to establish metrics to gauge their efforts.
Below are some examples of Ethiopian Airlines’ CSR metrics for various types of
initiatives:
• Amount of donations (e.g., dollar figures, employee volunteer hours)

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 • Score on the Greenhouse Gas Equivalency Calculator (a free tool developed
by Natural Resources Canada)
• B impact assessment (a free confidential tool developed by BDC and B Lab,
the nonprofit that certifies B corps)
o Emissions volume
o Energy and water use
o Diversity in employees and suppliers
After a year, reevaluate your efforts and create a new action plan. You can
increase accountability and transparency by issuing regular reports on your CSR
efforts or for specific areas, such as environmental disclosure and diversity reports.
Ethiopian Airlines, The Backbone of the Nation of Ethiopia
Ethiopian is a longstanding supporter to People to People towards their
worthwhile movement that is aligned with professional Ethiopian Diasporas all over
the world and Western universities to produce strategies and solutions for the most
important and intractable medical issues facing Ethiopia. This time, Ethiopian
covered the travel cost of their invited guests from Washington DC while traveling
to Addis to host Global Ethiopian Diaspora Conference in Addis Ababa and
celebrating Annual Global cancer day with the intent of raising timely health related
concerns in Ethiopia for discussion. Ethiopian cares to support its nation through
worthy deeds of the diaspora.
Ethiopian covered the travel cost of Ms. Haymanot Tilahun, a grade 12 student.
Ethiopian covered the travel cost of Ms. Haymanot Tilahun, a grade 12 student
at International Leadership Academy in Addis Ababa while she traveled to New
Delhi, India to attend class at the Ashoka University in India which is open for
outstanding high school students. Ethiopian is believed to be instrumental to help
the youth in realizing their dream.
Ethiopian – Working Towards a Greener Ethiopia
In 2008 Ethiopian Airlines unveiled plans to plant trees throughout Ethiopia,
during the Ethiopian Millennium year, and launched a long-term environmental
campaign known as FLY GREENER.
Over 60% of the land mass of Ethiopia was once covered with forest but sadly,
that has now been reduced to less than 3%, with undesired consequences on the
health and wealth of its people. As part of its corporate social responsibility,

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Ethiopian has dedicated resources to bringing trees back to Ethiopia and thus has
been actively pursuing the initiatives of Greener Ethiopia, a community-based
association dedicated to the improvement of the local environment by planting trees.
The strategy thus far was to disseminate seedlings of multipurpose trees that are
certain to bring sustainable livelihood values to farming communities.
While the effort to distribute seedlings will continue for the foreseeable future,
the airline is looking to cover selected areas with trees. Ethiopian, the country’s flag-
bearer and symbol of excellence in management and operation, is the first green
airline in Africa. Since launching the greener initiative, 7.5 million seedlings of
multipurpose and indigenous trees have been distributed to various communities in
the Southern part of Ethiopia. And taking this initiative further, Ethiopian has now
pledged to plant one tree for every passenger flown. The trees planted so far, and
those that are still being planted, are trees that greatly contribute to sustaining the
environment by preventing soil erosion. They also provide fuel, building materials,
fodder and food for livestock and humans alike (the leaves of the Moringa tree, for
instance, are quite acceptable to the taste, especially when added to common foods)
and facilitate new income-generating activities.
Needless to say, this initiative is changing the rural face of Ethiopia for the better.
New trees and the outstanding commitment of the many communities, who help to
plant them, are an unstoppable force for good. It has been joined by Ethiopians from
every ethnic group, religion and profession - all of whom have a stake in their
country’s future. This unique initiative is transforming the lives of thousands and
playing an equally significant role in challenging Global Warming and Climate
Change.
If the peoples of a developing country can change their future for the better, then
surely so can everyone. That is why we here at Ethiopian say, come fly with us and
together let us make the world Greener.
ETHIOPIAN AIRLINES ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY
Ethiopian is committed to implement environmental management system
meeting the requirements of ISO 14001:2015 as a means of moving our organization
in the strategic direction defined by this environmental policy.
Ethiopian is committed to integrate environmental issues into its businesses to
ensure sustainable development and address its social and environmental
responsibilities.
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 The following environmental policies are established by GCEO (Group Chief
Executive) of Ethiopian Airlines considering the purpose and context of the
organization.
This policy provides a framework for setting environmental objectives in order
to continually improve our environmental management system and enhance
environmental performance.
Protection of the environment
Ethiopian is committed to protect the environment by addressing adverse
environmental impacts through pollution prevention, waste minimization, resource
conservation, and other applicable industry related environmental protection
activities such as implementing green procurement, safer and proper use and
disposal of chemicals.
Compliance obligations
Ethiopian is committed to comply with applicable national and international laws,
regulations and will implement programs and procedures to assure compliance.
Communication (internal & external)
Ethiopian is committed to communicate its environmental commitment to the
public, its employees, customers, stakeholders and all concerned as part of its
environmental responsibility.

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Risk reduction and emergency preparedness
Ethiopian is committed to reduce environmental risks and demonstrate its
emergency preparedness in line with its existing emergency preparedness and
response plan.
Sustainable resource management
Ethiopian is committed to manage resources, such as water, energy, fuel land etc. in
an environmentally sensitive way.
Continual improvement
Ethiopian commits to continual improvement through measuring its environmental
performance at planned intervals, reviews and acts on improvement areas and reports
same to all concerned bodies.
Ethiopian Cargo & Logistics Services; socially responsible citizen
Ethiopian Cargo & Logistics Services’ corporate social responsibility activities
emanates not only from its core mission to positively contribute to the socio-
economic development of Ethiopia in particular and the countries it operates in
general but also from its belief in the noble virtue of giving back to the community.
Ethiopian Cargo & Logistics Services has been actively playing its role to help spur
economic growth, strengthen its communities and address social issues that mainly
focuses on health, education, environmental sustainability and sport initiatives. Out
of these social activities, the below can be mentioned:
• Provide stationery materials to Abune Baslios Primary School
• Monetary contribution and cloth donation made to Abebech Gobena
Children's Care and Development Association, Mekedonia Home for the
Elderly and Disabled, Meseret Humanitarian Organization, Yewedekuten
Ansu Aemero emuman Merja Derejet.
• Greening Ethiopian Cargo compound and some parts of selected areas in
Addis.
• Cargo Family donated blood

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Ethiopian Airlines, The Superman for its sisters and brothers.
June 30, 2019. The day is noted in history as the fall of the Autocratic control by
the Military over the Government power in the nation of Sudan. It also famously
known as the period in the timeline of history representing how the rough president
known as Omar Al-Basheer was thrown out of power. Sudan has been facing a lot
of crisis and challenges in areas concerned with education, with health, with the
defense of its public freedom, wealth, and all the interior priorities required to keep
a nation stable.
In the midst of all this chaos, before Sudan had lost its balance in terms of
peaceful livelihood for its civilians, it was also a hub for refugees from neighboring
nations such as Ethiopia, Somalia, Eritrea, Chad, and Libya as well. As the economy
of Sudan fell, political tension and civil unrest followed pursuit. This caused more
frictional living conditions for the refugees. Ethiopians who were trying to make a
living were caught in the mid-fire, arrested by secret services controlled by
government, attacked by the civilians. Everything WAS CHAOS.
The Prime Minister of Ethiopia, known as Abiy Ahmed requested his Ethiopian
brothers and sisters in Sudan to be patient and never lose hope. That he will come
and bring them back home. Sudan entered a state of peace and calm a month after
the mentioned date above. Abiy Ahmed took no chance and grabbed this opportunity
to bring his family back home. A request was sent to Ethiopian Airlines by the prime
minister, appealing to them in bringing their suffering families back home. Ethiopian
Airlines wasted no minute, no second in accepting Abiy’s appeal. It offered the
Airbus A320 from its fleet, 3 aircrafts of this fully maintained. As per the plan, two
aircrafts will be sent and one will be on stand-by, in the event that it is needed.
Ethiopian Civil Aviation Authority (ECAA) assisted Ethiopian Airlines with supply
of fuel for this trip. To top the cherry, Ethiopian Airlines has declined the budget
from the Prime Minister and agreed that they will bring the families back home free
of cost.
Ethiopian Airline’s heroic stand does not end there. As the journey was successful
in bringing back the suffering Ethiopian souls trapped in the aggressive Sudan,
Ethiopian Airlines’ soft heart saw how much the citizens of Sudan were suffering as
well. There were many other characters identified to various nations who were
trapped and needed home. If it could, it would assist them all in going back home
for free, but that would put the operational drive of the airlines at risk.

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 Ethiopian Airlines, after the senior executives and management heavily discussed
finally decided to continue offering its services to the citizens of Sudan. Due to fear
of safety of the crew and in the event of the loss of an aircraft, many airlines at the
time have stopped operating their international travel routes through, to, and from
Sudan. Such as Emirates Airlines, Saudi Airlines, Qatar Airways, Air Arabia, et
cetera. It is understandable, for safety and security is the number one top priority for
passengers both on-board and off-board the aircraft in aviation.
Ethiopian Airlines truly saved souls by continuing to operate and lending a hand
to Sudan. While it was not free, Ethiopian Airlines decided to reduce the fare price
of a ticket for those leaving Sudan. But those entering, unless holding a national
Sudanese ID, fare prices of the ticket remained the same.
To conclude, Ethiopian Airlines assisted not only its nationals originating from
the same country, but to the it also gave a hand to the people of Sudan. This a heroic
and humanitarian that not only other airlines should learn from but the entirety of
the world leaders and communities should learn from. As an individual from Sudan,
I personally want to thank Ethiopian Airlines for not turning its back on us like the
rest of the world did. May Allah bless you and keep you the leading the airlines, not
only in Africa, but globally.

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Data Collection
Primary Data
Information and data with regards to Mysore Domestic Airport has been gathered
using following methods:
• Through Observation and Survey; in which It directly involved the researcher
to visit the place of study on the 17th of July-2022, to scrutinize the
operational departments of Mysore Domestic Airport, which involved
understanding the ticketing services, Runway designation and other airfield
data and grasp the full dynamics of the operative sectors,
o Behaviors of the environment which either directly or indirectly played
a role in dictating the conditions of operations within MYQ. (Such as
the weather or passenger movement)
• Questionnaires have been designed to assemble and evaluate the public
opinion in which they had a vote by answering a few questions about the
expansion of Mysore Domestic Airport and what would be best in terms of
corporate social responsibility for the given airline. The Data was randomly
sampled.
Secondary Data
• Airfield data with regards to Mysore Domestic Airport has been collected
from Technical Government Produced by the Airport Authority of India.
• Sources for the study on the Corporate Social Responsibility of Ethiopian
Airlines was accumulated from the Airline’s main website as well as blogs
written on the given heading.
• On the other hand, the statistical data regarding the levels of employment that
the field of aviation has offered was collected from published research
produced by ICAO.
• The history of who claims was the first to initiate the first aircraft, being either
the Shivkar Bāpuji Talpade or the Wright Brothers has unpublished
Government Journals that holds evidence to whom was the first to actually
manufacture the aircraft.

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Summary of the Study
While it is understood that the term was coined by the French writer and former
naval officer Gabriel La Landelle in 1863. He derived the term from the verb avier
(an unsuccessful neologism for "to fly"), itself derived from the Latin word avis
("bird") and the suffix -ation, it is explicated as the enterprise enveloping schemes
and operations surrounding the usage, employment, production, design,
development, and mechanical applications of aircrafts to satisfy the requisites of the
air industry, be it the transportation of passengers from a given destination to another
or the transposal of cargo to its destined coordinates, agricultural benefits, aerial
warfare tactics, and other salient ventures.
Aviation has contributed, is contributing, and will continue to contribute for the
better development of the civilization of mankind. It has generated global economic
funds by connecting various and countless business departures, an example will be
that of tourism, or in the form of trade. Direct subsidies of aviation include the
increase in levels of employment.
The Airport of Mysore doesn’t fall short in offering its facilities to improve aviation
in India. Also known as Mandakalli, the Airport of Mysore, is a domiciliary airport
that resides near the village in which she was named after, the village of Mandakalli,
10 kilometers (6.2 mi) south of the city, and under legal guardian protection by her
parent, the Airports Authority of India (AAI).
At the current moment, Mandakalli Airport is operating at its best to connect the
citizens of Mysore to other ports of destinations in the Kingdom of India. While she
is under contract of the UDAN scheme, her dreams hold a colossal vision to see the
world. She has decided to share this her mother, the Airport Authority of India who
was more than gleeful to accept her dreams and bestow nothing but assistance.
Mandakalli knows that the task of enlarging herself to connect the world with her
aesthetic citizens is not an easy task. Nonetheless it is a task that can be done by best
upgrading her facilities. She is now going to get an extension of her runway; her
terminal will meet the international standards.
In a terra-firma not far away, the existence of Ethiopian Airlines, also known as
The New Spirit of Africa, with an intense impact, has used the advantages it achieved
from operating in aviation to benefit the society through supplying financial
assistance of protecting the environment. Some may call this as Corporate Social
Responsibility, but Ethiopian Airlines calls it an ordinary duty.

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Bibliography:
• https://www.dgca.gov.in/
• https://www.aai.aero (Airport Authority of India)
• www.ICAO.org
• www.thewire.in
• Article: Aviation in World War 2
• Article: Postwar Aviation
• Manual on the Regulation of International Air Transport (Doc.9626, Part IV)
• Blog: Top 20 Aircraft Manufacturers
• Article: The Aviation industry innovations and trends
• Corporate.ethiopianairlines.com
Appendices: Charts and Responses

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