People’s Democratic Republic of Algeria

Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research

Algiers National Polytechnic School

Home work unit 11

Period : 03/05/2023 to 10/05/2023

Student : -ABAR Youcef
Speciality : Mechanical Engineering
Module : AST4
Academic year : 2022/2023
Section 1 : How things should be done
1- Look and read
* To switch on the set press the on/off switch.
* Press the on/off switch in order to switch on the set .

* To adjust the volume turn the volume knob.

* Turn the volume knob in order to adjust the volume.

* To adjust the tone turn the tone knob.

* Turn the tone knob in order to adjust the tone.

* To select the right wave-length press the wave-length selector.

* Press the wave-length selector in order to select the right wave-length.

2-Look at these diagrams and instructions for operating a camera

* After loading the camera, the close back should be closed.

* The speed must be adjusted before taking the picture .

* After loading the camera, the film should be wound on.

* before taking the picture, the lens-cover should be removed.

* The camera must be loaded before taking the picture.

* While adjusting the focus, look through the view-finder.

* The lens-cover must be removed, before looking though the viewer finder.

* . After removing the lens cover, the focus must be adjusted.

* The aperture must be adjusted before taking the picture.

* While taking a picture look through the view-finder .

3-Look at these examples

* Make sure that your eyes are at the right angles to the point of measurement before reading
measurements.

* Before reading the liquid measurement ensure that your eyes are level with the centre of the sur-
face.

* Before empty containers are weighing make sure that are dry.

* Make sure that the bottles are clearly labelled before storing chemicals.

* Make sure that your hands are washed after handling chemicals.

* Make sure that that the acid is added to the water before diluting acids.

* Before changing light bulbs ensure that the electricity is switched off.

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 * Before recording the results ensure that the results of experiments are observed .

* Make sure that the screwdriver is insulated before unscrewing electrical parts.

Section 2 : How things may be done

4-Look again at the radio on page 108 and at these examples
* How may the radio be switched on ?
* The radio may be switched on by pressing the on/off switch.

* How may the set be switched on ?

* The set may be switched on by pressing the on/off switch.

* How can adjusted the volume ?

* The volume can be adjusted by turning volume knob.

* How can adjusted the tone ?

* The tone can be adjusted by turning tone knob.

* How can found the required radio station ?

* The required radio station can be found by turning the turner.

5-Look at these instruments and tools and then make sentences describing what can be
done with them
* Temperature can be measured with a thermometer.

* Small objects may be viewed by using a microscope.

* Distant objects may be viewed by using a telescope.

* Liquid can be poured by means of a funnel.

* Chemicals can be heated with a bunsen burner.

* Substances may be weighed by using a balance.

* Nails can be hammered by using a hammer.

* Nuts bolts can be turned by using a spanner.

* Screws can be measured by using a barometer.

* Pressure can be hammered by using a hammer.

* Things can be lighted by using pulleys.

* Acids and alkali’s can be tested by using litmus paper.

6.1-Read this
* Method 1 : A magnet may be made by stroking a piece of iron with a magnet. The iron should
always be stroked it in the same direction. The magnet can be tasted with a compass.

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 * Method 2 : Alternatively, a bar of iron placing in north-south direction and Hit it with a hammer.
The magnet tested with compass.

* Method 3 : Another method of making a magnet is by stroking a piece of iron with two magnets.
Two different poles must be stroked in opposite directions and the bar must be tested compass.

6.2-Complete these descriptions

* Method 1 : A magnet may be demagnetized by hitting it with a hammer repeatedly.

* Method 2 : Alternatively, the magnet can be demagnetizing by drop it on the floor several times.

* Method 3 : Another method of demagnetising a magnet is by heating the magnet with bunsen
burner.

7.1- Look at these diagrams

* One method of separating materials is by filtration. Alternatively, materials may be separated by
sieving. Another method of separating materials is by magnetism.

* One method of separating materials is by sublimation. Alternatively, materials may be separated

by washing. Another method of separating materials is by evaporation.

* One method of separating materials is by distillation. Alternatively, materials may be separated

by filtration. Another method of separating materials is by washing.

7.2- Write eight sentences

* A soluble crystalline can be separated from a solution. Evaporation

* Insoluble solids can be separated from a liquid. Filtration

* Pure liquids can be separated from a liquid. Distillation

* Solids which sublime can be separated from a solid. Sieving

* Fine solids can be separated from a coarse solid. Sublimation

* Light solids can be separated from a heavy solids. Washing

* solids with low density can be separated from a solids with high density. Flotation

* non-magnetic materials can be separated from a magnetic materials . Magnetism

Section 3 : Simple experiments

8- Look and read
* The purpose of the experiment is to make making crystals.

* The apparatus consists of glass rod,beaker,tripod,bunsen burner,copper.

* The substance to be crystallised is copper sulphate .

* The method of carrying out the experiment is by heating.

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 The procedure is as follows :

* First, the apparatus is set up as shown.

* Then, the water is heated.

* Meanwhile, the copper sulphate is added and stirred until the solution is saturated, the saturated
solution is then poured in funnel.

* ext, the solution is filtered.

* Meanwhile, the solution is poured into an evaporating dish.

* Finally, the result is observed.

* The result is that crystals appear.

.

9-Look and read

* The purpose : Separation of gunpowder .

* The apparatus consists of : glass rod, Bunsen burner, beaker and a tripod.

* The substance is the gunpowder.

* The method is by : filtration, sublimation and evaporation.

* The procedure is as follows : When water is added to the mixture, potassium nitrate dissolves. The
mixture is then filtered. The filtrate is potassium nitrate solution while the residue is a mixture
of sulphur and charcoal. The filtrate is evaporated on a sand bath to obtain potassium nitrate
back. When carbon disulphide is added to the residue, sulphur dissolves. When this mixture is
filtered the filtrate is sulphur solution while the residue is charcoal. Leaving it open evaporates
the sulphur solution. Carbon disulphide then evaporates and sulphur crystals are left behind. .

* The result : the nitre crystallises .

Section 4 :Reading
10- Read this text and find answers to these questions
* The methods of separating materials discussed are : Analysis and sythesis .

* A solution is a mixture of one or more solutes dissolved in a solvent.

* A solvent is a substance that dissolves a solute, resulting in a solution.

* A solute is a substance that dissolves in a solvent to produce a mixture.

* Filtrate is a liquid which has passed through the process of filtration.

11- Complete these notes

* Two of the main procedures carried out by of chemists :
1. Analysis = finding what substance consists of.

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 2. Synthesis = making complex materials from simpler ones, eg plastics and ‘synthetic’ fibres.

Both Analysis and Synthesis involve separating solids from liquids

Methods of separating :
* 1. Aim : Separating solids from liquids in solution.
Method : Filtration.
* 2. Aim : Dissolve substance separating from liquid .
Method 1 : Evaporation.

Method 2 : Distillation ( the liquid is boiled so that it evaporates. The vapour is then cooled so
that it condenses again).

* Aim : Separating solutes with two or more liquid.

Method : fractional distillation (procedure : heating the solution, so that the liquid with the lowest
temperature separated first, then the one with the next lowest boiling point, and so on).