COMMON FARM TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT

Bolo - is used for cutting tall grasses and weeds and chopping branches of the tree

Crowbar - is used for digging big holes and for digging out big stones and stumps

Pick-mattock - is used for digging canals breaking hard topsoil and for digging up stones and tree stumps

Grab-hoe - is used for breaking hard topsoil and pulverizing soil

Spade - is used for removing trash or soll, digging canals or ditches, and mixing soil media

Shovel - is used in removing trash, digging loose soll, moving soil from one place to another, and for
mixing soil media

Knife - is for cutting planting materials and for performing other operations in horticulture

Water pails - for hauling water, manure and fertilizers

Rake - is used for cleaning the ground and leveling topsoil

Spading Fork - is used for loosening the soil, digging out crops, and turning over the materials in a
compost heap

Hand Trowel - is used for loosening the soil around the growing plants and putting a small amount of
manure fertilizer in the soil

Springklers - are used for watering seedlings and young plants

Hand cultivator - is used for cultivating the garden plot by loosening the soil and removing weeds
around the plant

Pruning shears - are for cutting branches of planting materials and unnecessary branches of plants

Wheel barrow - is used for hauling trash, manures, fertilizers, planting materials and other equipment

Sickle - is a hand-held agricultural tool with a variously curved blade typically

Light hoe - is used for loosening and leveling soil and digging out furrows for planting.

Axe - is for cutting bigger size post.

Hand fork - is used for inter-row cultivation.

Plows - These are farm implements used in horticultural operations, pulled by a working animal or a
tractor. The plow is specifically used for tilling large areas, making furrows and inter-row cultivation.
Plows pulled by working animals are made of either a combination of metal and wood or pure metal.
They are used to til areas with a shallower depth than that of the disc plows which are pulled by tractors

Harrow - The native wooden harrow is made of wood with a metal teeth and pulled by a carabao while
the disc harrow is made of metal mounted to a tractor. Harrows are used for tilling and pulverizing the
soil.

Common Farm Equipment

Hand tractor - is used to pull a plow and harrow in preparing a large area of land.

Four-wheel tractor - is used to pull disc plow and disc harrow in preparing much bigger area of land.

Water pumps - used to draw irrigation water from a source.

MANUAL HANDLING PROCEDURES

Injuries can keep anyone away from work. They impair the body to perform its normal functions. This, in
turn, impedes earning income.

Most of the farm activities involve

 Lifting
 Pushing
 Carrying
 Lowering
 Holding
 Restraining

How does this audit work?

 Identification of heavy, stressful, awkward, or repetitive activities by the farmers.

 An injury record is necessary because it is a document where incidence must be written. It will
give authentic information to see which activities have caused the most injuries.

Loading and Unloading Materials

1. When lifting a load from ground level, bend your knees, keep your back straight, keep the load close
to your body, lift with leg muscles, support forearms with knees, and support the load with your body

2. When lowering a load, use leg muscles and lower the load by bending your knees, not your back. As
much as possible, support forearms on knees.

3. Avoid muscle fatigue by doing warm-ups, taking frequent breaks, changing jobs to use different
muscles, and maintaining good posture.

4. Consider mechanical aids such as trolleys or push carts to carry heavy items and mobile ramps or
skids for loading and unloading of materials from trucks.

Preparing Materials, tools, and Equipment in Fishpond/Fish Tank Construction

To ensure a smooth workflow in any aquaculture activity, systematic planning should be undertaken.

There are two methods for forming a dugout or a framework where a pond will be constructed

 manually or
 by a combination of manual and mechanical construction.

Manual Construction Tools and Materials

Pickaxe- is used to break rocky surfaces on the site

Grub hoe- is a multi-functional hand tool used for digging the land on the farm site

Wheelbarrow- is a hand- propelled vehicle that enables the removal of unearthed land from the site to
the appropriate land disposal arca.

Shovel- is used for digging the soil and transferring it from the construction area for proper disposal of
the excavated soil. Usually, the excavated soil is used to form dikes

Dikes – one of the most important parts of pond

Equipment

Bulldozer - is a crawler that is used in pond construction to push a large amount of soil or loosen
compacted dense material

Wheel loader - is used to move aside the excavated soil onto another machine

Miscellaneous Tools and Equipment in Forming the Fishpond

Wooden rake - is used to level fishpond bases or fishpond bottoms.

Net and strap - are needed in holding. catching, counting, and harvesting fish. It functions as a support
to various water control structures. It prevents unwanted organisms from entering the pond

Water pump - maintains the water quality of the pond. It assures that the pond has proper water
circulation and aeration.

Analysis kit - is essential in determining water and soil quality Secchi disc, refractometer, and
hydrometer are some of the technical kits that fish farmers should have in monitoring the pond's soil
and water

Chilling chamber - preserves the freshness of harvested fish. Water and crushed ice are placed in the
dumber to help maintain the quality of the fish.

Fertilizer platform- is located under the water surface where fertilizers are settled in order for the
nutrient substances not to dissolve gently. This inhibits the fertilizer to have direct contact with the soil.

NOTE: aralin ang itsura ng bawat tools and equipment