Solution

PHYSICS TEST 2 CLASS 12

Class 12 - Physics

1. (c)
a vector quantity

Explanation: a vector quantity

2. (a)
cylindrically symmetric

Explanation: cylindricaly symmetric

3. (b)
C-m

Explanation: C-m

4. (c)
10-10 C-m

Explanation: 10-10 C-m

x
5. (d)
Torque but no net force

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Explanation: Torque but no net force
6. (c) α -particles

Explanation: α -particles are charged particles, so they are deflected by an electric field.
7.

m
(d) Q1 positive; Q2 negative; both positive; Q1 negative; Q2 positive; both negative

Explanation: Q1 positive; Q2 negative; both positive; Q1 negative; Q2 positive; both negative

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8. (a) zero

Explanation: The electric field at any point inside the conducting sphere is zero.
9. (c) spheres

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Explanation: Here we have to find out the shape of the equipotential surface. These surfaces are perpendicular to the field
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d

lines. So there must be an electric field which cannot be without charge. So the algebraic sum of all charges must not be zero.
Equipotential surface at a great distance means that the space of charge is negligible as compared to distance. So the collection
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of charges is considered as a point charge. The electric potential due to point charge is given by V=1/4π ∈ 0r. It means that
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potential due to a point charge is same for all equidistant points, which are at the same potential form spherical shape. The lines
of the field from point charges are radial. So the equipotential surface (perpendicular to the field lines) form a sphere.
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10. (c) 100

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Explanation: At the top of the stratosphere, E = 100 Vm-1

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11. (c) 4π ε0 R
 and Zero

Q
Explanation: At the centre of the conducting sphere V =
4π ε0 R
 and E = 0

12. (d) A is false and R is also false

Explanation: The whole charge of a conductor can be transferred to another isolated conductor, if it is placed inside the hollow
insulated conductor and connected with it.
13. (b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

Explanation: Coulomb attraction exists even when one body is charged and the other is uncharged.
14. (c) A is true but R is false.

Explanation: Electrostatic forces are conservative. Work done in moving a charge in a uniform electric field is path
independent.
15. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

Explanation: Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

16. i. At the point x = 0, the electric fields due to all the charges are in the same x-direction and hence get added up.

q q q q
E= 4πε0
1
[
2
+
2
+
2
+
2
+ …]

1 2 4 8

q 1 1 1 q 1 q
= [1 + + + + …] = ⋅ =
4πε0 4 16 64 4πε0 1 3πε0
1−
4

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 ii. Electric field at x = 0 is

q q q q
E= 4πε0
1
[
2
−
2
+
2
−
2
+ …]

1 2 4 8

q 1 1 1 q 1 q
= [1 − + − + …] = ⋅ =
4πε0 4 16 64 4πε0 1 5πε0
1−(− )
4

17. Distance between the spheres, A and B, r = 0.5 m

Initially, the charge on each sphere, q = 6.5 × 10-7 C

When an uncharged sphere is brought near the charged sphere, the charge is induced on the uncharged sphere. Thus in the given
question,

q
When sphere A is touched with an uncharged sphere C, the amount of charge from A will transfer to sphere C. Hence, charge 2
q
on each of the spheres, A and C, is 2
.

q
When sphere C with charge 2
is brought in contact with sphere B with charged, total charges on the system will divide into two
equal halves given as,

q
+q
3q
2
=

x
2 4
3q
Each sphere will share each half. Hence, charge on each of the spheres, C and B, is 4
.

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q 3q
× 2
q 3q 3q
Force of repulsion between sphere A having charge 2
and sphere B having charge 4
=
2 4

2
=
2

4πϵ0 r 8×4πϵ0 r
2
−7
3×(6.5× 10 )

= 9 × 10 9
×
2

8×(0.5)

= 5.703 × 10-3 N

Therefore, the force of attraction between the two spheres is 5.703 × 10-3 N. m
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18. Given, two point charges q1 and q2 are brought from infinity to points P1 and P2 in the presence of an external field.

→
Let E be the external field.

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The potential energy of the system is equal to the total amount of work done in assembling the configuration.

Therefore,

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→ →
Work done on q1 against the external field E = q1 V ( r1 )

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→ →
Work done on q2 against the external electric field E = q2 V ( r2 )

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and Work done on q2 against the field due to q1 = Work done on q1 against the field due to q2 which is given by,

q1 q2 q1 q2

4πε0
1
⋅
r12
=
4πε0 r12

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Where, r12 is the distance between q1 and q2.

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Using the superposition principle for fields, we add up the work done on q2 against the two fields.

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Therefore, work done in carrying q2 to r2 is

→ q1 q2
q2 V ( r2 ) +
4πε0 r12

Hence, Potential energy of the system is given by,

→ → q1 q2
q1 V ( r1 ) + q2 V ( r2 ) +
4πε0 r12

19. The net potential at A due to the two charges is

1 q q 1 qy
VA =
4πε0
[
x
−
x+y
] =
4πε0
⋅
x(x+y)

The net potential at B due to the two charges is

1 q q 1 qy
VB =
4πε0
[
x+y
−
x
] = −
4πε0
+
x(x+y)

1 2qy
∴ VA − VB = ⋅
4πε0 x(x+y)

20. a. The charge q placed at the centre of the shell induces a charge - q on the inner surface of the shell and charge + q on its outer
surface.

∴  Surface charge density on the inner surface of the shell

 charge  q
=
 surface area 
= −
2

4πr
1

Q+q
Surface charge density on the outer surface of the shell = 2
4πr
2

b. Even if the shell is not spherical, the entire charge resides on its outer surface. The net charge on the inner surface enclosing
the cavity is zero. From Gauss's theorem, the electric field vanishes at all points inside the cavity. For a cavity of arbitrary

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 shape, this is not enough to claim that the electric field inside must be zero. The cavity surface may have positive and negative
charges with a total charge of zero.

Electric field vanishes inside a cavity of any shape.

To overrule this possibility, consider a closed-loop PQRSP, such that part QPR is inside the cavity along a line of force and the
part RSP is inside the conductor. Since the field inside a conductor is zero, this gives a network done by the field (in part RSP)
in carrying a test charge over a closed loop. But this is not possible for a conservative field like the electrostatic field. Hence
there are no lines of force (i.e., no field), and no charge on the inner surface of the conductor, whatever be its shape.
21. i. As no work is done in moving a unit positive charge from A to B because the displacement of the charge is perpendicular to

x
the electric field. Thus the points A and B are at the same potential.

∴ Δ VBA = 0

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ii. In this case, some work is done by the electric field as the positive charge moves from B to C (i.e., in the direction of E). Thus
the point C is at a lower potential than point B.

As E = − ΔV

Δx

∴ Δ VCB = -EΔx = -300 NC-1 × 7m

= - 2100 V m
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iii. Points A and B lie on an equipotential surface.

So, VB = VA

= -2100 V y
VCA = VC - VA = VC - VB = Δ VCB

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