JOHNSON GRAMMAR SCHOOL (I.C.S.

E)
The Joy of being JUNIOR SCHOOL
HABSHIGUDA, HYDERABAD-7

CLASS: VIII SUB: BIOLOGY

MONTH: August
LS.3 REPRODUCTION IN HUMANS

ACADEMIC VOCABULARY:

1. Epididymis: A highly coiled tube found on the upper side of the testes.

2. Cowper’s gland: Two small ovoid glands found below the prostate gland.

3. Fallopian tubes: A pair of narrow, muscular and long ducts extending from each ovary.

IMPORTANT POINTS:
1. The process by which living organisms produce new individuals of their own kind is called
reproduction.

2. There are two main modes of reproduction in animals—asexual and sexual.

3. Difference between asexual and sexual reproduction:

Sl.no Asexual reproduction Sexual reproduction

1 Only a single parent is involved. Two parents (male and female) are involved
in reproduction.

2 There is no fusion of male and Male and female gamete fuses to form
female gamete. zygote.

3 The offsprings are exactly the They are not exactly the same as either
same as the parents. parents but have mixed features of both.

4. Different types of asexual reproduction in animals:

a ) Binary fission: It is found in unicellular organisms such as bacteria, amoeba, paramecium
etc.
In this type of reproduction, the parent cell divides into two daughter cells. It occurs by means of
the division of nucleus followed by the division of cytoplasm.
b) Budding: Budding is common in Hydra and Yeast. In this process, a bud develops on the
parent organism. The bud grows in size and ultimately detaches itself from the parents and leads
an independent life.
c) Regeneration: If a hydra or planaria is transversely cut into pieces, each piece regenerates to
produce new individuals.
5. In sexual reproduction, the male and female produces special type of cells called gametes.
6. Male produces the sperm cells and the female produces the egg cell collectively known as
gametes.
7. Differences between sperm cell and egg cell:
Sl.no Sperm cell Egg cell
1. It is a male gamete, produced in the It is a female gamete produced in the
testes. ovary.
2. Produced in large number Single egg cell is produced each month.
3. Small in size and motile . Comparatively larger and immotile.
8. Male reproductive system consists of a pair of testes, sperm duct, penis and seminal vesicles.
9. Female reproductive system consists of ovaries, fallopian tubes and uterus.
10. FERTILIZATION: The fusion of the nucleus of the sperm with the nucleus of the egg is
called fertilization.
11. IMPLANTATION: The natural way of fixing of the embryo in the wall of the uterus is
called implantation.
12. Stepwise description of reproduction:

Sperm (male gamete) Egg cell (female gamete)

Fuse inside oviduct to form a zygote

Zygote moves to uterus

Zygote grows further to form an embryo and then

foetus and finally grows into a new individual.
HOME ASSIGNMENT:
Draw the diagrams 3.1, 3.3 and 3.5
HOTS QUESTIONS:
1. How do some species of animals extinct although they reproduce and produce their
young ones?
2. Sexual reproduction promotes evolution with more useful characters. Justify.
STUDENT’S CHOICE QUESTION:
The students have to select a question of their choice from the T.B and write it in their c.w.

EXTRA INFORMATION: (For reference only)

Types of fertilization: fertilization may take place either inside the body of the female or
outside it. Depending upon this, there are two types of fertilization.
External fertilization: When a sperm fuses with an egg cell outside the body of female, it is
called external fertilization. It is seen in aquatic animals like fish, starfish and frog.
When fertilization takes place inside the female body, it is called internal fertilization. It occurs
in insects, birds, reptiles and mammals.
Misconception: (For reference only)
Female is responsible for the sex of the baby.
Explanation: Males have X and Y sex chromosome, whereas female have both X
chromosomes, but Y chromosome is responsible for sex of the child.
MIND MAP:

Reproduction

Asexual Sexual
reproduction reproduction

Binary
Male Female
fission
(sperms) (ovum)

budding
Zygote (fertilized egg)

Embryo
regeneration

o
Foetus (Baby)

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