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Stroke Handout..
Stroke Handout..
ACCIDENT
(STROKE)
Ghadeer Alomari
WHAT IS A
CEREBROVASCULAR
ACCIDENT?
Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) is
the medical term for a stroke. A
stroke is when blood flow to a part is a thrombotic stroke, which
of your brain is stopped either by a occurs when the clot forms in
blockage or the rupture of a blood a blood vessel within the
brain. This is the most common
vessels ,characterized by sudden.
type; about 80% of strokes are
onset and lasting longer than 24
ischemic.
hours
Hemorrhagic stroke
TYPES OF
5. Dynamic weight-shifting
Medical Management of activities
CVA 6. Strengthening the trunk.
7. Using compensatory strategies
Management of complications:
and environmental adaptation.
Respiratory problems.
(e.g. wheelchair seating systems,
Cardiac disease.
reachers..etc.).
Deep-vein thrombosism(DVT).
Incontinence.
Postural Adaptation
Aspiration risk.
Skin care. intervention:
Contractures & soft
tissue stretching. IN SITTING:
1. Establish “position of
Occupationa therapy readiness”.
intervention: 2. Use external cues when
necessary to facilitate trunk
1.Compensations with task specific alignment—(verbal or visual
devices/techniques feedback, environmental/tactile
2. Remediation of body cues).
structure/function 3. Maintain trunk ROM—(exercise
3. Skills that impact occupation and activity,…)
4. Use dynamic activities to
promote weight shift through
Interventions to increase pelvis .
functional ability in seated 5. Strengthen trunk muscles.
posture: 6. Use compensatory strategies &
1. Establish a neutral yet active adaptations when necessary
starting alignment. (lumbar rolls, lateral supports,
2. Attempt reaching activities from chest straps, reachers).
posture (1) and do the same
activities with a posterior pelvic
tilt and flexed spine.
3. Maintain trunk in midline using
external cues.
4. Maintain trunk ROM by wheelchair
and armchair positioning.
IN STANDING:
1. Establish symmetrical base of
support & proper alignment— Recommendations:
(feet hip width apart, equal
weight bearing through feet,
neutral pelvis, both knees 1. Home Modifications:
slightly flexed, aligned & After discharge, it can be challenging to
symmetrical trunk). transition smoothly back home.
2. Establish the ability to bear make the appropriate adjustments to
weight and shift weight ensure an individual’s safety. This can
through more affected LE. include making home modifications
such as adding doorknob extenders
3. Encourage dynamic reaching
and/or using non-slip bathmats.
activities in multiple
Removing rugs and excess clutter
environments that require
from the floor to lower the risk of
different wt-shifting abilities.
falling.
A smoother transition can help
Activities that survivors want to focus survivors feel more at ease and
on during occupational therapy usually redirect their energy towards healing.
fall into three categories, including:
Self-care: personal daily activities, 2. Rehabilitation Exercise Programs:
including eating, bathing, and provide various targeted exercises
getting dressed, in addition to for individuals to practice safely at
household management tasks such home.
as cooking and cleaning. Establishing a proper rehabilitation
Productivity: tasks can consist of program at home and practicing
returning to work, school, or other therapeutic exercises consistently is
prior responsibilities and finding important to stimulate
new ways to adjust. neuroplasticity, the brain’s ability to
Leisure: activities usually include rewire itself.
fun things a person enjoyed doing (It works by strengthening neural
prior to the injury such as golfing, connections in the brain and
painting, dancing, and other social creating new ones, which is an
skills. essential part of stroke recovery).
⬛️Self-care, productivity, and leisure
activities are an important part of
everyday life. The more these skills are
practiced, the higher the chances of
regaining function and seeing
promising results.
3. Visual Scanning: BATHING:
(Spatial neglect is a condition that can 1. Teach how to be more safe and
make it difficult to orient, identify, or independent with this task.
respond to stimuli in the environment 2. Promote better safety is to install grab
bars and seats in the shower.
on the affected side. For instance, when
3. Placing a rubber mat in the shower
an individual sustains a stroke in the
helps make the floor less slippery.
right hemisphere of the brain, they can
experience spatial neglect on their left DRESSING:
side). learn how to put your pants on while
Fortunately, visual scanning can help lying in bed or how to use adaptive
treat spatial neglect by: tools like button hooks and zipper pulls.
encouraging individuals to
intentionally draw their attention to GROOMING:
their affected side. For example, one may have you use an adaptive tool called
visual scanning activity suggest is a universal cuff to help you grip onto
using a highlighter to draw a bright items or recommend using an electric
toothbrush to clean the teeth more
line down the left side of a book. The
effectively.
individual must then practice
moving their eyes all the way to the
TOILETING:
left until they find the highlighter schedule and performing the same tasks
mark. at around the same time every day,
4. Activities of Daily Living Training: individuals can better predict when they
Occupational therapists are should empty their bowels and prevent
specialists in the area of performing accidents.
EATING:
1. To encourage you to use your
affected arm to eat after a stroke.
2. An occupational therapist may
teach you how to use adaptive
utensils.They can help supplement
for limited grip or control over the
wrist.
5. Work Accommodations Therapists may also encourage
Lastly, occupational therapy can help their clients to talk to their
survivors relearn the skills they need to employer about what they can do
return to their occupation. Therapists to help facilitate their return to
may provide individuals with unique tasks work. It’s important to note that
to practice depending on the type of the Americans with Disabilities
workload and environment. Act requires employers to make
To transition smoothly back to work reasonable accommodations for
after a stroke, OTs may also recommend: their employees to help them get
Working shorter hours. back to work.
Taking breaks to help prevent
overstimulation.
Installing grab bars in the office neurobehavioral
restrooms to help with balance. impairment:
Having ergonomic equipment and
flexible scheduling to help with
increased fatigue after a stroke. neurobehavioral impairment
Working “smarter, not harder” —”functional impairment of
through task simplification (if an individual manifested as
possible). defective skill performance
Practicing proper body mechanics resulting from a neurologic
(how one moves) to reduce muscle processing dysfunction”
strain.
Made by:
Ghadeer Hazim Alomari