Geotechnical Engineering-1

Course Code –CE-221

Credit Hours -3+1

Contact Hours -3+3

Dr Hassan Mujtaba

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 Filter Design Criteria
For proper design of filter the following conditions
should be met
• Filter should be sufficient coarser so that the head
dissipated by the flow of water through it will be
relatively small (hence the seepage forces developed
within it will also be small). To satisfy this,
permeability ratio must be satisfied
D15( filter )
4 to 5   40
D15( protected soil )
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 Filter Design
• Filters should be fine enough to prevent the passage
of particles of the material it is protecting through it
pores. This is known as piping ratio.
D15( filter )
 4 to 5
D85( protected soil )

• The US Army Corps of Engineers also recommend

that the ratio of D50 filter to D50 protected soil sizes
should be as follows D 50 ( filter )
 25
D50 ( protected soil )
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 Filter Design
• D15 of filter material > (4 to 5) D15 of protected soil
• D15 of filter material < (4 to 5) D85 of protected soil
• Experience indicate that basic filter criterion
mentioned above are satisfied in every part of the
filter, piping cannot occur even in extremely severe
conditions
• D15, D50 and D85 refers to particle size determined
from gradation curves.

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Filter Design

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Problem
 Problem
• A flow under seepage for sheet piling is shown
below. Estimate the quantity of seepage in cu m/ day
m length of the piling, if permeability of sand is 5x
10-3 cm/sec

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Seepage
Solution
Problem
Problem 3
Solution
Problem
Problem
Solution
Problem
Solution
FlowNet
Filter