Rufaida College of Nursing

Jamia Hamdard(deemed to be university)

LESSON PLAN ON NEUROPSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS

Submitted To- Submitted By-

Ms. Srishti Bajaj
Ms. Bindu Shaiju
M.Sc Nursing 1st Year
Tutor
RCON Submitted on:-24/1/23
 Lesson Plan

Topic: Neuropsychiatric Disorders

Name: Srishti Bajaj
Year: M.Sc. Nursing I year
Date of Presentation:
Time and Duration of Presentation: 10AM, FOR 60Minutes
Venue: Rufaida College Of Nursing
Name of the supervisor: Ms. Bindu Shaiju
Group: Msc Nursing 1st year
Method of Teaching: Lecture cum discussion
A.V aids: Chart, PowerPoint slides,Handouts
Subject: Mental Health Psychiatric Nursing

Previous Knowledge of the group- Ask the group about the knowledge regarding Neuropsychiatric Disorders.

General objectives- At the end of the presentation the students will be able to gain knowledge on Neuropsychiatric Disorders .
 Specific objectives-

At the end of the class,the students will be able to:-

1) Introduce self and topic to the group neuropsychiatric disorders .

2) Define neuropsychiatric disorders.
3) Discuss about the incidence of neuropsychiatric disorders
4) Enlist the causes of neuropsychiatric disorders.
5) Describe characteristics of neuropsychiatric disorders.
6) Briefly discuss about the neuropsychiatric disorders
7) Illustrate the management of neuropsychiatric disorders
8) Summarize the topic.
Sr. No. Time Specific Content Teaching Learning Evaluation
Objective Activities/AV Aids

1. 10sec Introduce self Introduction of self

Good morning everyone.
Myself, Srishti Bajaj, student
of M.Sc. Nursing I year.
Today we will discuss about
the neuropsychiatric
disorders.
1. 20sec Introduce the Introduction of Topic:-
topic Neuropsychiatry is a branch
of medicine that deals with
mental disorders related to
diseases of the nervous
system. It is a field of
scientific medicine that
concerns itself with the
complex relationship between
human behavior and brain
function.
2. 10sec Define the Definition: The student teacher will Define the disease
disease condition Neuropsychiatry is a branch of medicine define the disease condition condition.
that deals with mental disorders with the help of
attributable to disease of the nervous Powerpoint slide.
system.
3. 10sec Discuss about Incidence of Neuropsychiatry Disorders: Student teacher will be able to What is the incidence
incidence of discuss incidence of of neuropsychiatry
neuropsychiatry The WHO stated this report in 2019, 1 in neuropsychiatry disorders disorders ?
disorders. every 8 people, or 970 million people with the help of powerpoint
around the world were living with a mental slide.
 disorder, with anxiety and depressive
disorders the most common (1). In 2020,
the number of people living with anxiety
and depressive disorders rose significantly
because of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Initial estimates show a 26% and 28%
increase respectively for anxiety and major
depressive disorders in just one year (2).
While effective prevention and treatment
options exist, most people with mental
disorders do not have access to effective
care. Many people also experience stigma,
discrimination and violations of human
rights.

4. 3min Enlist the causes Some of the most common causes are :- Student teacher will be able to Enlist the causes of
of 1 Traumatic head injury enlist thecauses of neuropsychiatric
neuropsychiatric 2 Infections neuropsychiatric disorders disorders
disorders. 3 Medication side effects with the help of Powerpoint
4 Genetic predisposition slide.
5 Environmental factors
In some cases cause maybe unknown may
be related to other factors
5. 2min Describe the Main characteristics of neuropsychiatric Student teacher will be able to What are the
characteristics of symptoms are: Describe the characteristics of characteristics of
neuropsychiatric 1 concurrent occurrence of the various neuropsychiatric disorders neuropsychiatric
disorders. psychiatric symptoms with the help of Powerpoint disorders?
2cognitive impairment as a core symptom slide .
3 the possibility of early cerebral symptom
4 occasional resemblance to endogenous
psychiatric disorders
6. 45min Briefly discuss Neuro psychiatrist concern with disorders Student teacher will be able to What are the types of
about the or affect cognition and behavior that arise Briefly discuss about the neuropsychiatric
neuropsychiatric from over disorders and cerebral function neuropsychiatric disorders disorders?
disorders or from indirect effects of extra cerebral with the help of Powerpoint
disease. slide.

Neuropsychological disorders:

Schizophrenia – It is a chronic brain

disorder when schizophrenia is active
symptoms can include delusions
hallucinations disorganized speech
troubled with thinking and lack of
motivation However we treat when most
symptoms of schizophrenia will greatly
improve and the likelihood of a
reoccurrence can be diminished Symptoms
of schizophrenia usually first appear in
early adulthood and must persist for at least
six months for at least six months a to be
made men often experience initial
symptoms in their late teens or early 20s
while women tend to show first signs of
the illness in their 20s and early 30s.

Other Psychotic Disorders

1 Persistent delusional disorders -it is

relatively stable and chronic course
characterized by presence of well
systemized of known bizarre type of the
emotional response and behavior of the
person is often understandable in the light
of delusion. The behavior outside the limits
of delusion is almost normal.

2Acute and Transient Disorders- These

disorders neither follow the course of
schizophrenia nor resemble mood disorder
in clinical picture usually have better
prognosis .

3 Induced delusional disorder: this is a

uncommon delusional disorder
characterized by a sharing of delusional
disorder characterized by a sharing of
delusion between usually two or more
person who usually have a closely net
emotional bond.

4. Schizoaffective disorder – It is a mental

health disorder that is marked by a
combination of schizophrenia symptoms
such as hallucinations or delusions or
mood disorder symptoms such as
depression or mania.

5. Capgrass syndrome – capgrass

syndrome is a psychiatric disorder in which
a person holds a delusion that a friend’s
spouse parent or other close family
member or pet has been replaced by an
identical imposter. It is named after Joseph
Kapris 1873 to 1950 a French psychiatrist.
*Mood Disorders

Mood disorder also known as mood

affective disorders is a group of conditions
where disturbance in the person’s mood is
the main underlying feature Mood
disorders fall into the basic groups of
elevated moon such as mania or hyper
mania, depressed mood of which the best
known and most researched is major
depressive disorder and moods which
includes cycle between mania and
depression also known as bipolar disorder
formally known as manic depression.

Manic episode a manic episode is

characterized by a sustained period of
abnormally elevated or irritable mood
intense energy racing thoughts and other
extreme and exaggerated behaviors .People
can also experience psychosis including
hallucinations and delusions which our
separation from reality models also known
as model effects.

Depressed episode -A depressive episode

in the context of a major depressive
disorder is a period characterized by low
mode and other depression symptoms
which last for two weeks or more when
experiencing a depressive disorder or a to
make changes to their thoughts and
behaviors to help improve their mood.

Bipolar Mood Disorder: Bipolar disorder

is a mental illness marked by extreme
shifts in mood Symptoms can include
extremely elevated mood called
Mania .They can also include episodes of
depression bipolar disorder is also known
as bipolar disease or manic disease .

Persistent Mood Disorder:

Cyclotomic also known as cyclotomic

disorder is a mental disorder that involves
numerous periods of symptoms of
depression and periods of symptoms of
hypomania. These symptoms however are
not sufficient to be a major depressive
episode.

Dysthymia -it is defined as a low mood

occurring for at least two years along with
at least other symptoms of depression For
example it includes loss of interest in
normal activities hopelessness low self
esteem low appetite low energy sleep
changes and poor concentration.

Phobic Anxiety Disorders: phobia anxiety

disorder that causes an individual to
experience extreme irrational fear about the
situation or about some living creature
place or some object when a person has a
fear they will often shape their lives to
avoid what they consider to be dangerous.

Panic disorder -occurs when you

experience reoccurring unexpected panic
attacks .The DSM 5 defines panic attacks
as are abrupt surges of intense fear or
discomfort that beak within minutes People
with the disorder live in a fear of having a
panic attack you may be having a panic
attack when you feel certain overwhelming
terror that has no obvious cause You may
experience physical symptoms such as
raising heart breathing difficulties and
sweating.

Generalized Anxiety Disorder:These

disorders occurs at any age.The condition
has symptoms similar to panic
disorder.obsessive compulsive disorder and
other types of anxiety. These symptoms
include constant worry,restlessness,and
trouble with concentration. Treatment may
include counseling and medication,such as
antidepressants.

Obsessive Compulsive
Disorder:Obsessive compulsive disorder is
a mental illness that causes repeated
unwanted thoughts or sensations
{obsessions}or the urge to do something
over and over again {compulsions}. Some
people can have both obessions and
compulsions.

Reaction to stress and adjustment:This

category includes-

1 Acute stress reaction -acute stress

reaction occurs when symptoms develop
due to a particularly stressful event the
word acute means the symptoms develop
quickly but do not usually last long the
events are usually very severe and and
acute stress reaction typically occurs after
an unexpected life crisis.

2 Post traumatic stress syndrome- post

traumatic stress disorder is a psychiatric
disorder that may occur in people who
have experienced or witnessed automatic
events such as natural disaster or serious
accident a terrorist attack war combat rape
or who have been threatened with death,
sexual violence or serious injuries.

3 Adjustment disorder- it is a group of

symptoms such as stress feeling sad or
hopeless and physical symptoms that can
occur after you go through a stressful life
event the symptoms occur because you are
having a hard time coping your reaction is
stronger than expected for the type of event
that had occurred .

Conversion disorder- conversion disorder

is a mental condition in which a person has
blindness paralysis or other nervous system
neurologic symptoms that cannot be
explained by a medical evaluation a
condition in which you have physical
symptoms of a health problem but no
injury or illness to explain them.

Dissociative disorders -it is characterized

by motor disturbance like paralysis or
abnormal movements paralysis may be
monoplegia paraplegia or quadriplegia the
abnormal movements may be tremors score
your from movements or gate disturbances
which increase when attention is directed
towards them.

A) Dissociative fugue formerly called

psychogenic fugue is a
psychological state in which a
person loses awareness of their
identity or other important
autobiographical information and
also engages in some form of
unexpected travel.
B) Dissociative identity disorder-
dissociative identity disorder
previously called multiple
personality disorder is usually a
 reaction to trauma as a way to help
a person avoid bad memories.
Dissociative identity disorder is
characterized by the presence of 2
or more distinct personality
identities each may have unique
name personal history and
characteristics.
C) Trance and possession disorder
for clinical psychiatry trance and
possession disorders are defined as
states involving a temporary loss of
the sense of personal identity and
full awareness of the surroundings.
D) Ganser’s syndrome a rare type of
condition in which a person
deliberately and consciously acts as
if he or she has a physical or mental
illness when he or she is not really
sick people with this syndrome
mimic behaviour that is typical of
mental illness such as
schizophrenia.

Somatoform Disorder- the somatoform

disorders are a group of psychological
disorders in which a patient experiences
physical symptoms that are inconsistent
with or cannot be fully explained by any
underlying General Medical or neurologic
conditions.
Other neurotic disorders neurasthenia is a
characterized by persisting and distressing
complaints of increased after mental or
physical effort.

Depersonalization is described as a
feeling disconnected or detached from
one’s self individuals experiencing
depersonalization may report feelings as if
they are an outside observer of their own
thoughts or body and often report feeling a
loss of control over their thoughts and
actions.

Derealization alteration in the perception

or experience of the external world so that
the feeling of reality of external world is
temporarily changed or lost.

Dhat syndrome refers to a culture bound

syndrome of Southeast Asia where patients
present with anxiety and depressive and
somatic symptoms which they attribute to
semen loss common presentation of these
patients is the passage of semen like
substance in urine.

Substance use disorder occurs when a

persons use of alcohol or another substance
drug leads to health issues or problems at
work school Oregon this disorder is also
called substance abuse.

Personality disorder there are 10 specific

types of personality disorders personality
disorders are long term patterns of
behaviour and inner experiences that
differs significantly from what is expected
the pattern of experience and behaviour
begins by late adolescence or early or early
adulthood and causes distress or problems
in functioning without tree queen
personality disorders can be long lasting
personality disorders affect at least 2 way
of these areas

1way of thinking about oneself and another

2 we have responding emotionally

3 way of relating to other people

4 way of controlling ones behaviour.

Sexual disorders

1) gender identity disorder are defined as

disorders in which an individual exhibits
marked and persistent identification with
the opposite sex and persistent discomfort
dysphoria with his or her own sex or sense
of inappropriateness in the gender role of
that sex.

2) dual role transgender transvestism -it

is an individual usually male who wears
clothes of the opposite sex in order to
experience temporary membership in the
opposite sex has no sexual motivation for
the cross dressing and no desire for
permanent change to the opposite sex.

3)Transsexualism- in this there is a

persisting and significant sense of
discomfort regarding one’s anatomic sex
and a feeling that is inappropriate to one’s
perceived gentle the person will be
preoccupied with the wish to get rid of
once genitals and secondary sex
characteristics and to adopt the 6
characteristics of the other sex.

4) intersexuality the patients have gross

anatomical or physiological features of the
other sets for example turners into
congenital adrenal hyperplasia.

Disorder of Paraphilias- parabolic

disorders are recurrent intense sexually
arousing fantasies urges or behaviours that
are distressing or disabling and that
involved inanimate objects children or non
consenting adults or suffering or
humiliation of one’s self or the partner with
the potential to cause harm.

Sexual Dysfunction- sexual dysfunction

can have causes that aren’t due to
underlying disease example including
stress drug use alcohol consumption
tobacco use cyclic or relationship factors.

Psychophysiological or psychosomatic
disorders the word psychosomatic means
mind and body these are those disorders in
which the psychic elements are important
for initiating chemical physiological or
structural alterations which in turn create
the physical symptoms in the person the
term psychosomatic has been replaced with
“psychophysiological”.

Eating disorder -eating disorders are

illnesses in which the people experience
sewer disturbances in their eating
behaviours and related thoughts and
emotions people with eating disorders
typically become preoccupied with the
food and their body weight people with
anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa tend
to be perfectionist with low self esteem and
are extremely critical of themselves and
their body they usually feel fat and see
themselves as overweight sometimes even
despite of life threatening and semi
starvation on malnutrition and intense fear
of gaining weight and of being fat may
become all persuasive.

Sleep disorders- sleep disorders or sleep

wake disorders involve problem with
quality timing and amount of sleep which
result in daytime distress and impairment
in functioning sleep wake disorders often
occur along with medical conditions or
other mental health conditions such as
depression anxiety or cognitive disorders
these are several different types of sleeping
disorders of which insomnia is the most
common other sleeping disorders include
obstructive sleep apnea parasomnia
narcolepsy and restless legs syndrome.

Mental retardation- mental retardation

currently is defined by the American
Association on mental retardation as
significantly sub average general
intellectual functioning accompanied by
significant limitations in adaptive
functioning in a least 2 of the following
skills and areas which includes
communications self care social skills self
direction academic skills work leisure
health and Oregon safety these limitations
manifest themselves before 18 years of the
age.

Disorder of psychological development-

it includes specific development disorder
of speech and language in which normal
patterns of language acquisition are
disturbed from the early stages of
development for example dysphagia
dyslexia expressive language disorder it
also includes specific developmental
disorders of scholastic skills which are
further divided more into specific
regarding readings disorder specific
spelling disorder and specific arithmetic
disorder.

Childhood autism- autism spectrum

disorder impacts the nervous system and
affects the overall cognitive emotional
social and physical health of the affective
individual the Regency variety of the
symptoms can vary widely common
symptoms include difficulty with in
communication with difficulty with social
interaction obsessive interest and repetitive
behaviours.

Atypical autism- atypical autism is

described as sub threshold diagnosis
presenting with some symptoms of autism
but insufficient to meet criteria for a
diagnosis of childhood autism or autistic
disorder.

Rett’s Syndrome- it is a rare genetic

neurological and developmental disorder
that affects the way the brain develops
causing a progressive loss of motor skills
and speech this disorder primarily affects
girls.

Asperger’s Syndrome- it is a condition on

the autism spectrum with generally higher
functioning people with this condition may
be socially orchard and having all
absorbing interest in specific topics
communication training and behavioral
therapy can help people with the sender
and learn to socialize more successfully.

Behavioural and emotional disorders

with onset usually occurring in
childhood and adolescence-

1) hyperkinetic disorder- ADHD open

begins in childhood and can persist into
adulthood it may contribute to low self
esteem troubled relationships and difficulty
at school Oregon work symptoms include
limited attention and hyperactivity
treatments include medication and top
therapy

2) conduct disorder -it refers to a group of

repetitive and persistent emotional
problems in youngsters children and
adolescents with this disorder have great
difficulty following rules respecting the
rights of others showing empathy and
behaving in a socially acceptable way

3) active mutism -it is a now outdated

term which was defined as a refusal to
speak in almost all situations despite
normal ability to do so while selective
mutism most considered to be a failure to
speak in a specific situation and a strongly
associated with social anxiety disorder

Tics disorder it is an abnormal involuntary

movement which occurs suddenly
repetitively rapidly and is purposeless in
nature it is of 2 types motor tics and vocal
tics.

Non organic enuresis -nocturnal enuresis

or simply enuresis refers to any
intermittent wetting during sleep which
includes the afternoon nap non organic
functional daytime urinary incontinence is
defined by intermittent wetting during
awake periods

Non organic encopresis i-t is a repetitive

repeated in voluntary or involuntary
passage of feces usually of normal or near
normal consistency in places non
appropriate for the for that purpose in the
individual socio cultural setting.

Streotyped movement disorder -is a

motor disorder with onset in a childhood
involving repetitive non functional motor
behaviour for example hand waving or
head banging that magli interface with
normal activities or results in bodily
injuries.

Dementia in Alzheimer’s disease

dementia is an acquired global impairment
of intellect memory and personality but
without impairment of the consciousness.

Alzheimer’s type dementia-is an

irreversible disease marked by global
progressive impairment of cognitive
functioning memory and personality.

Vascular dementia -vascular dementia

causes memory loss in older adults
particularly in those at higher risk of stroke
due to obesity or diabetes in early stages
the condition causes cognitive difficulty
with reasoning and genuine in later stages
memory is affected controlling conditions
that affect heart health can slow disease
progression.

Organic amnestic syndrome -it is

characterized by impairment of memory
 and global intellectual functioning due to
an underlying organic cause there is no
disturbance in the consciousness

Mental disorder due to brain damage

dysfunction and physical disease-

These are mental disorders which are

casually related to brain dysfunction due to
primary cerebral disease with neurological
disorders and General Medical conditions
who are experiencing psychiatric
symptoms knowledge of functional
neuroanatomy of the central nervous
system is essential to offer accurate
diagnosis and treatments neuropsychiatry
supports the field of neuroscience and is
used to better understand the neurological
underpinnings of the psychiatric and
neurologic disorders and to examine the
treatment and care of the persons.

7. 2min Explain the -Treatment of Neuropsychiatric disorders Student teacher will be able to What is the
management of require special expertise from a psychiatrist explain the management of management of
neuropsychiatric who is well trained and experienced in the neuropsychiatric disorders neuropsychiatric
disorders with the help of PowerPoint disorders?
field of behavioral neurology. slides

- WHO’s Comprehensive Mental Health

Action Plan 2013-2030 recognizes the
essential role of mental health in achieving
health for all people. The plan includes 4
major objectives:

1to strengthen effective leadership and

governance for mental health;

2 to provide comprehensive, integrated and

responsive mental health and social care
services in community-based settings;

3 to implement of strategies for promotion

and prevention in mental health; and

4 to strengthen information systems,

evidence, and research for mental health.

WHO's Mental Health Gap Action

Programme (mhGAP) uses evidence-based
technical guidance, tools and training
packages to expand services in countries,
especially in resource-poor settings. It
focuses on a prioritized set of conditions,
directing capacity building towards non-
specialized health-care providers in an
integrated approach that promotes mental
health at all levels of care. The WHO
 mhGAP Intervention Guide 2.0 is part of
this Programme, and provides guidance for
doctors, nurses, and other health workers in
non-specialist health settings on
assessment and management of mental
disorders.

8. 2min Summarise the -

topic
References:-
1)R.Sreevani A guide to mental health
&psychiatric nursing,Jaypee Brothers
Medical Publishers 4th edition.

2) Dr Bimla Kapoor Textbook of

psychiatry nursing Vol 2,Kumar Publishing
house 3rd edition.

3)www.who.com

4)https://
www.americancenterforneuropsychiatry.co
m/neuropsychiatric-disorders-treatment