C

PROGRAMMING AND
(DATA STRUCTURES
Variable length arrays in C
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 int main() {

int a[9] = {34, 56, 54, 32, 67, 89, 90, 32, 21};
int i:

1/0riginal order
for(i=0; i<9; i++) { Reversea series of numbers
printf("%d", a[i]) ; (Old Program)

printf("\n") ;
//Reverse order
for(i=8; i>=0; i--) {
printf("%d ", a[i]);
}
return 0;

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 #include <stdio.h>
Reversea series of numbers
int main() { (New Program)
int n;

printf("Enter the number of elements you want to reverse: \n");

scanf ("%d", &n);

int a[n];
int i;
printf("Enter al1l the %d elements: \n", n);
for (i=0; i<n; i++)

scanf("%d ", &a[i]);

printf("Elements in reverse order are: \n");

for (i=n-1; i>=0; i--)

return

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;
printf("%d ", a[i]);
 ADVANTAGES

At the time of execution, we can decide the length of the array.

No need to choose the fix length while writing the code.

Even arbitrary expressionsare possible

Example :
int a[3*i+5];
int a[k/7+2];

int a[i+j];

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 PoINTS TOBE NOTED

. Variable length arrays cannot have static storage duration.

(2.) Variable Length Array does not have theinitializer.

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 Introduction to Pointers in C>
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C

PROGRAMMING AND
DATA STRUCTURES
0:02 / 2:51

Introduction to pointers in C
More vicdeos

Declaring & Initializing Pointers Call By Value & Definition of Array

General syntax for declaringpointervariables:
Call By Reference An Array a data structurecontaining a number of dato valves of which

is
(all
 Address contents

1000 0010 0011

1001 0101 011

1002 0001 010
i
1003 0010 100

1019 0001 0001

20 Bytes
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 IMPORTANT POINTS

Pointer is aspecial variable that is capable of storing somne address.

It points toa memory location where the first byte is stored

1002
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 C

PROGRAMMING AND
DATA STRUCTURES
Declaring and initializing
pointets in C
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 SYNTAX FOR DECLARING POINTER VARIABLES

General syntax for declaring pointer variables:

data_type *pointer_name

HERE DATA TYPE REFERS TO THE TYPE OF THE VALUE THAT THE
POINTER WILL POINT TO.

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 For example:

int*ptr: Points to integer value

char*ptr, Points to character value

float *ptr: Points to float value

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 LETSTRY TO UNDERSTAND HOW TO INITIALIZE A POINTER
VARIABLE

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 NEED OF ADDRESS OF OPERATOR

Simply declaring a pointer is not enough.

It isimportant to initialize pointer before use.

One waytoinitialize a pointer is to assign address of some variable.

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 int x = 5;
ptr
int *ptr; 1000

ptr = &x; 2000

address of
operator

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 int x = 5;
5 ptr
int *ptr; 1000
1000
ptr = &x; 2000

address of
operator

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 int x = 5;
int *ptr; is equivalent to int x = 5, *ptr = &x;

ptr = &x;

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 C

PROGRAMMING AND
DATA STRUCTURES
Value of Operator

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 Value of operator/indirection operator/dereferenceoperator is an operator that
is used to access the valuestored atthe location pointed by the pointer.

int x = 5;
It says go to the
address of object
L
and takewhat is ptr
stored in the object 1000
int *ptr;
1000
ptr = &x; 2000

printf("%d", *ptr);

VALUE OF
OPERATOR

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 Value of operator/indirection operator/dereferenceoperator is an operator that
is used to access the valuestored atthe location pointed by the pointer.

int x = 5; 5 ptr
int *ptr; 1000
1000
ptr = &x; 2000

printf("%d", *ptr);

Output: 5
VALUE OF
OPERATOR

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 We can also changethe valueofthe objectpointed by the pointer.

For example:
X
int x = 10;
int *ptr = &x; 10
ptr
1000
*ptr = 4; 1000
2000

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 We can also changethe value ofthe object pointed by the pointer.

For examnple:
X
int x = 10;
int *ptr = &x; 4
ptr
1000
*ptr = 4; 1000
printf(%d", *ptr); 2000

Output: 4

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 A WORDOF CAUTION

/A Never apply the indirection operator to the uninitialized pointer

For example:

int *ptr;
printf(“%d", *ptr);

Output:

Undefined behaviour YOULL REGRE I MAN

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 ONE MORE...

/ Assigningvalue to an uninitialized pointer

dangerous.
is

New Notification

int *ptr;
Usuolly.
*ptr = 1; segmentation
fault is caused by
program trying to
Output: read or write an
illegal memory

Segmentation Fault (sIGSEGV) location.

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 C

PROGRAMMING AND
(DATA|STRUCTURES
Pointer assignment

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 P
i
int i = 10;
int *p, *q; 10
1000

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 1000 i
int i = 10;
int *p, *q; 10
p = &i; 1000

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 1000
int i 10; i

int *p, *q; 10

p = &i; 1000

q= P;
1000
printf("%d %d", *p, *q);

OUTPUT: 1010

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 NOTE: q = p is not same as *q = *p

int i = 10; int i = 10, j = 20;

int *p, *q; int *p, *q;
p = &i; P = &i;
q = &j:
i

10
1000
i 1000 1000

10
1000 20
1000
2000 2000
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 NOTE: q =p is not same as *q = *p

int i = 10; int i = 10, j 20;

int *p, *q; int *p, *q;
p = &ij P = &i;
q = &j;
q = P

-
*q= *p; i

10
1000
1000 1000

10
1000 10
1000
2000 2000
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