Assignment # 1

“Verb, types of verbs and

forms of verb”

Submitted to:
Ms. Ayesha
Submitted by:
Laiba
Roll # 22014110-008
Course Title:
“Introduction to Grammar”
Course code: ENG-101

University of Gujrat
Hafiz Hayat campus
 Assignment # 1
Verb
Definition:
A sentence needs two minimum grammatical components:
1. Verb
2. Subject.
A Verb is a word that indicates a physical action, mental action, or a state of being. A
verb is a word that describes what the subject of a sentence is doing. The most important part of
speech is “verb.” Without a verb, there is no formation of sentences. Every sentence requires a
verb. Without a verb a sentence cannot make any sense. At most basic level, a sentence can consist
solely of a single verb in the imperative form.

For example:
Think, drive, makes, use, help, read, write etc...

➢ I thought she is going to a trip.

➢ He drives slowly to avoid accident.
➢ She makes a birthday cake.
➢ My mother uses her shoe to beat my younger brother.
➢ She helps me in my homework.
➢ He read books often.
➢ Wednesday Addams write a letter to Tyler.
Physical verb:
Physical verbs are action verbs. They describe specific physical actions. If you can create a movement with
your body or use an instrument to complete an action, the word you are using to describe it is most likely a
physical verb. For example, Joe was sitting in his chair, the dog is breathing rapidly after chasing his ball,
and are we voting in an election? Even if the action is not very active, if it is performed by a body or an
instrument, consider it a physical verb.

For example:
• Let's run to the corner and back.
• I hear a train coming.
• Call me when you're done with class.

Mental verbs:
Mental verbs have meanings that relate to concepts such as discovering, understanding,
thinking, or planning. A mental verb generally refers to a cognitive state.
For example:

• I know the answer.

• Shed recognized me from across the room.
• Do you believe everything people tell you?

States of being:
Also known as linking verbs, states of being describe conditions or situations that exist.
The state of being verbs are inactive because no action is being performed. These verbs, the forms
to be, such as am, is, are, are usually completed with adjectives.
For example:
• I am a student.
• We are circus performers.
• Please be quiet.

Identifying verbs:
The word is a verb if it has different forms. For example: Verbs have an ing form and
an infinite form. Verb can also be used with modal auxiliary verbs like, will, shall, can, good etc.
Here are some examples:
Come is a verb. It can be used with the modals. For example: you can say will come or should
come. It also has an ing form and an infinitive.
• I would like to come.
• I hate coming late.
Run is also a verb. We can say it as will run, could run.
• He tried to run away.
• She is running on the road.
There are different methods to identify verb.

• 1.
(Word that describe actions)

He cooked Biryani.

• 2.
common verb suffixes
(“ing,” “ed,” “en,” and “s”)

She is riding a bike

• 3. Different verb sentence.

Infinitive To think

Past tense Thought

Present tense Think

Past participle Have thought

Present participle Am thinking

• 4.
Different forms of “to be”
(Is, am, are, was, were, been and being)

I am so happy about going to Muree.

Types of verbs:
There are several types of verbs which are as follows:
1. Regular verb:
A verb is considered regular if it is simple past and past participle are formed by
adding suffix “ed” (or “d” if the word already ends in the letter “e”). A regular verb is any verb
whose tense follows a typical pattern or one of the typical patterns of the language to which it
belongs. A verb whose tense follows a different pattern is called an irregular verb.
For example:
➢ I finished my homework.
➢ She had finished cleaning before they come.
➢ My sister will have finished her learning by the end of week.
➢ He has finished the job.

2. Irregular verb:
A verb that forms simple past and past participles in some way other than by adding
suffix “ed.” Irregular verbs are those that do not follow the regular spelling patterns of past simple
and past participle verbs. Unfortunately, there are hundreds of irregular verbs in the English
language. But don't worry, while many are used frequently, most aren't commonly used - or if they
are, you'll use them so often that you'll learn them quickly. The most common irregular verbs
include: say, do, go, take, come, know and see.
For example:
➢ I read the novel.
➢ She has read the book.
➢ They will have read the statements after leaving the home.
➢ He had read the rules before entering the exam hall.

3. Transitive verb:
A transitive verb is a verb that acts on someone or something and therefore takes a
direct object (the thing being acted upon). A transitive verb is one that only make sense if it exerts
it action on an object. Transitive verbs are action verbs that always express doable actions that
involve or affect someone or something else. These other things are generally direct objects, nouns,
or pronouns that are affected by a verb, although some verbs can also have an indirect object, such
as show, take, and make. In a sentence with a transitive verb, someone or something receives the
action of the verb.
For example:
➢ She kicked her.
➢ They sold the tickets.
➢ He eats Biryani.

4. Intransitive verb:
Intransitive verbs are action verbs that always express feasible actions. It differs from
transitive verbs because there is no direct object after the intransitive verb.
For examples:
➢ We traveled to London.
➢ I sneeze in the morning.
➢ she eats before going to school.

5. Auxiliary verb:
Auxiliary verbs are also known as auxiliary verbs and are used with the main verb
to show the tense of the verb or to form a question or negative. Common examples of helping
verbs include have, can, will. These helping verbs provide some context to the main verb, such as
letting the reader know when the action happened.
For example:
➢ I have finished the report.
➢ Will you lend me your book?
➢ You should be come on time.

6. Stative verb:
Stative verbs can be recognized because they express a state rather than an action.
They usually relate to thoughts, emotions, relationships, senses, states of being, and measurement.
The best way to think about stative verbs is that they are verbs that describe things that are not
actions. All stative verbs express a state: a state of doubt, a state of belief, a state of wanting. These
states of being are often temporary.
For example:
➢ I believe she is right.
➢ She wanted me to be her friend.
➢ He doubted teacher’s answer.

7. Modal verb:
Modal verbs are auxiliary verbs that are used to express abilities, possibilities, permissions, and
obligations. The auxiliary verb can is expressing an ability, suggesting that shooting a three-point
shot is a skill the subject possesses. A modal verb is a type of verb that contextually indicates a
modality such as a likelihood, ability, permission, request, capacity, suggestion, order, obligation,
or advice. Modal verbs generally accompany the base form of another verb having semantic
content.
For example:
➢ I should go home.
➢ You must not late.
➢ He would not recommend them Pizza.
➢ Can you swim?
8. Phrasal verb:
Phrasal verbs are not single words instead, they are combinations of words that are used together
to give a different meaning than the original verb. There are many examples of phrasal verbs, some
of which have a colloquial meaning, such as make up, hand in, bring up, point out, enjoy. Each
time a verb takes on another word, it takes on a new meaning. For example, make up without
lifting expresses that something is being created, while with make up it is assumed that there are
some lies or a fantastic element in the story, and to distinguish can mean either to grasp or see
something difficult.
For example:
➢ I make up stories all the time.
➢ He brought up the same points again and again.
➢ She pointed out her mistake.
9. Finite verbs:
Finite verbs are real verbs that are called sentence stems. It is the form of the verb
that is performed by or related to the subject and uses one of twelve tenses and changes according
to the number/person of the subject. The finite verb is the main verb in the sentence. It is the root
word that controls the rest of the sentence. Almost any verb in the English language can be used
as a finite verb if it has the following properties in a sentence:
• Subject
• agree with the subject
• tense (present or past)
Every sentence must have a finite verb—even sentences that are not in the present or past
tense. Finite verbs can stand alone in a sentence or as part of a verb phrase. If there is more than
one verb in a sentence, the final verb is usually the one closest to the subject.
For example:
➢ Atiqa went to school.
➢ Rehan plays hockey.
➢ He is one of the best players.
10. Non-finite verb:
Non-finite Verbs are not actual verbs. They do not work as verbs in the sentence rather they work
as nouns, adjectives, adverbs, etc. Non-finite verbs do not change according to the number/person
of the subject because these verbs, also called verbal, do not have any direct relation to the subject.
Sometimes they become the subject themselves.
The forms of non-finite verbs are – infinitive, gerund, and participle.
For example:
• Alex went abroad to play (Infinitives)
• Playing cricket is his only job. (Present participle)
• I have a broken bat. (Past participle)
 • Walking is a good habit. (Gerund)

• Infinitive:
The 'to + Verb' forms where the Verbs are at their base or stem forms while they function as Nouns,
Adjectives or Adverbs instead of Verbs.
For example:
• I wanted to help you out.
• Are you trying to go there?
• I just love to ride motorcycles.

• Participle:
A participle is a Verb form where they retain some of the characteristics and functions of both
Verbs and adopt those of the Adjectives.
For examples:
Present Participle:

• Have I become a laughing stock?

• Cycling is a well-rounded exercise.
Past Participle:

• I have taken a hint.

• Have you given it enough thought?

• Gerund:
The Verbs having -ing endings that function like Nouns in sentences are called Gerunds. It has the
properties of both verb and noun, such as being modifiable by an adverb and being able to take a
direct object.
For example:
• Smoking is injurious to health.
• Walking is good for health.
• I love swimming.

11. Linking verb:

A linking verb adds details about the subject of the sentence. In its simplest form,
it joins the subject and the object — that is, the words that follow the linking verb. It creates a link
between them instead of showing the action. What is on each side of the linking verb is often
equivalent; the complement redefines or reformulates the subject. In general, linking verbs are
called "to be" verbs that are - am, is, are, was, was. However, there are some other verbs that can
function as linking verbs. Those verbs are:
Act, feel, stay, appear, become, seem, feel, sound, grow, look, prove, stay, taste, turn.
Some of the verbs in this list can also be action verbs. To find out if they are linking verbs,
you should try to replace them with forms of the verb be. If the modified sentence makes sense,
this verb is a linking verb.

For example:

• She seems ready to play.

• The food looked delicious.
• You look cheerful.

12. Dynamic verb:

Verbs that involve continuous or progressive action of the subject are called
dynamic or fictitious verbs. They express the state of the subject in motion.
For examples:

• He runs fast.
• Keep hitting the ball hard.
• The dog goes for a walk every afternoon.

Forms of verb:
There are up to five forms for each verb: root, third person singular, present
participle, past and past participle.

The root:
The root form of a verb is the basic form of a word. The roots have not been conjugated
and contain no prefixes or suffixes. The root form of the verb is the same as the infinitive form
with the "to" removed. Check out the examples below:

To see see

To be be

To wear wear
 To go go
The root form of a verb is used to form other verb forms in conjugation. This always applies to
regular verbs, but may not apply to irregular verbs, depending on the tense. The examples below
illustrate this concept.
For example:
• I go to school.
• What did you do yesterday?

Third person:
The third person singular conjugation (he/she/they/it/one) is a verb form that tends to differ
from other conjugations. For regular verbs, this verb form ends in –s (or sometimes –es). Consider
the examples below:
• He sees
• She watches
• They play
• It shrinks
• One does

Present participle:
The present verb form is formed by adding –ing to the root word. It is used in the past,
present and future progressive verb tenses. Check out the examples below:
• We're coming to the party tonight.
• They had been drawing for hours.
• We will wash the car before the holiday.

Past and past participle:

The past and past participle form for regular verbs is the word root + –ed. It is only used
with past tenses. Consider the examples below:

• We shopped for watches on Saturday afternoon.

• Books were stacked on a shelf.
• He played computer games all weekend.
Some irregular verbs can be difficult to determine the past participle. It's best to look them
up in a dictionary if you're not at all sure about the past participle. Here are some examples of
irregular verbs:
Root Simple past Past participle

Go Went Gone

Run Ran Ran

Sing Sang Sang

Give Gave Given

See Saw Seen