17me81 or PDF

Maharaja Education Trust (R), Mysuru
Maharaja Institute of Technology Mysore

Belawadi, Sriranga Pattana Taluk, Mandya – 571 477
MET!
REVOLUTION IN w
Approved by AICTE, New Delhi,

Affiliated to VTU, Belagavi & Recognized by Government of Karnataka
Lecture Notes on
Operations Research (17ME81)
Prepared by
Department of Mechanical Engineering

Maharaja Education Trust (R), Mysuru
Maharaja Institute of Technology Mysore MET!
Belawadi, Sriranga Pattana Taluk, Mandya – 571 477 REVOLUTION IN w
Vision/ ಆಶಯ
“To be recognized as a premier technical and management institution promoting extensive

education fostering research, innovation and entrepreneurial attitude"
ಸಂ�ೆ�ೕಧ�ೆ, ಆ��ಾ�ರ �ಾಗೂ ಉದ�ಮ�ೕಲ�ೆಯನು� ಉ�ೆ�ೕ�ಸುವ ಅಗ��ಾನ� �ಾಂ��ಕ ಮತು� ಆಡ�ತ ��ಾನ
�ಕಷ್ಣ �ೇಂದ��ಾ� ಗುರು��ೊಳ��ವ�ದು.
Mission/ �ೆ�ೕಯ
 To empower students with indispensable knowledge through dedicated teaching and

collaborative learning.
ಸಮಪ��ಾ ಮ�ೋ�ಾವದ �ೋಧ�ೆ �ಾಗೂ ಸಹ�ಾ�ತ�ದ ಕ��ಾಕ�ಮಗ�ಂದ ��ಾ��ಗಳನು� ಅತ�ತ�ಷ�
�ಾನಸಂಪನ��ಾ�ಸುವ�ದು.
 To advance extensive research in science, engineering and management disciplines.

�ೈ�ಾ�ಕ, �ಾಂ��ಕ �ಾಗೂ ಆಡ�ತ ��ಾನ ��ಾಗಗಳ�� ಸ�ತ ಸಂ�ೆ�ೕಧ�ೆಗ�ೆ� ಡ�ೆ �ೆಳವ��ೆ
�ೊಂದುವ�ದು.
 To facilitate entrepreneurial skills through effective institute - industry collaboration and

interaction with alumni.
ಉದ�ಮ �ೇತಗ�ೆ� ಡ�ೆ ಸಹ�ೕಗ, ಸಂ�ೆ�ಯ ��ಯ ��ಾ��ಗ�ೆ� ಂ��ೆ �ರಂತರ ಸಂವಹನಗ�ಂದ
��ಾ��ಗ��ೆ ಉದ�ಮ�ೕಲ�ೆಯ �ೌಶಲ� ಪ�ೆಯಲು �ೆರ�ಾಗುವ�ದು.
 To instill the need to uphold ethics in every aspect.

�ೕವನದ�� ೈ�ಕ �ೌಲ�ಗಳನು� ಅಳವ��ೊಳ��ವ�ದರ ಮಹತ�ದ ಕು�ತು ಅ�ವ� ಮೂ�ಸುವ�ದು.
 To mould holistic individuals capable of contributing to the advancement of the society.

ಸ�ಾಜದ �ೆಳವ��ೆ�ೆ ಗಣ�ೕಯ �ೊಡು�ೆ �ೕಡಬಲ� ಪ�ಪ�ಣ� ವ��ತ�ವ�ಳ� ಸಮಥ� �ಾಗ�ೕಕರನು�
ರೂ�ಸುವ�ದು.
Vision / ಆಶಯ
"To excel in technical education by producing Mechanical Engineers who are

competitive, contributing and sustainable in the global socio-technological front"
Mission / �ೆ�ೕಯ
 To enrich teaching learning experience through distinguished practices and ever

improving infrastructure.
 To enhance student performance through constant guidance, motivation and

mentoring.
 To develop distinct skills, leadership qualities and creative thinking among the
learners through sensible endeavors.
.
Program Outcomes
1. Engineering knowledge: Apply the knowledge of mathematics, science, engineering

fundamentals, and an engineering specialization to the solution of complex engineering
problems.
2. Problem analysis: Identify, formulate, review research literature, and analyze complex
engineering problems reaching substantiated conclusions using first principles of
mathematics, natural sciences, and engineering sciences.
3. Design/development of solutions: Design solutions for complex engineering problems
and design system components or processes that meet the specified needs with appropriate
consideration for the public health and safety, and the cultural, societal, and environmental
considerations.
4. Conduct investigations of complex problems: Use research-based knowledge and
research methods including design of experiments, analysis and interpretation of data, and
synthesis of the information to provide valid conclusions.
5. Modern tool usage: Create, select, and apply appropriate techniques, resources, and
modern engineering and IT tools including prediction and modeling to complex engineering
activities with an understanding of the limitations.
6. The engineer and society: Apply reasoning informed by the contextual knowledge to
assess societal, health, safety, legal and cultural issues and the consequent responsibilities
relevant to the professional engineering practice.
7. Environment and sustainability: Understand the impact of the professional engineering
solutions in societal and environmental contexts, and demonstrate the knowledge of, and need
for sustainable development.
8. Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and responsibilities and
norms of the engineering practice.
9. Individual and team work: Function effectively as an individual, and as a member or
leader in diverse teams, and in multidisciplinary settings.
10. Communication: Communicate effectively on complex engineering activities with the
engineering community and with society at large, such as, being able to comprehend and
write effective reports and design documentation, make effective presentations, and give and
receive clear instructions.
11. Project management and finance: Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the
engineering and management principles and apply these to one’s own work, as a member and
leader in a team, to manage projects and in multidisciplinary environments.
12. Life-long learning: Recognize the need for, and have the preparation and ability to
engage in independent and life-long learning in the broadest context of technological change.
Course Overview
Subject: Operations Research Subject Code: 17ME81

The growth of modern technology has led to the advancement of many scientific tools and techniques.
Operations Research though is an old technique which was originally developed during the World
War has found itself to be one of the leading techniques for problem solving in the modern society of
today. This course allows the student to understand the problem in the real environment and convert
the same into a solvable Mathematical Model using various methods according to the environment
and constraints of the problem. The course lays emphasis on the application of the knowledge of
various skills developed – game theory and sequencing to solve uncertain situational issues and
perform scheduling operations within any organisation. The students are able to interpret post-optimal
and sensitivity analysis to explain the relationship of variables and the results obtained, while also
gaining the capability to translate solutions into directives for action.
Course Objectives
The general objectives of the course are to:
1. To enable the students to understand the scientific methods of providing various departments of an
organization with a quantitative basis of decision making.
2. To enable the students to understand the importance of various tools and techniques in finding
optimal solutions to problems involving limited resources in the form of Men, Materials and
machinery.
Course Outcomes
COs Description
Apply the knowledge of operations research techniques to solve Linear Programming
C409.1
Problems (LPP) by various methods
Analyse the relationships of variables to provide optimal solution for best routes/options for
C409.2 transportation, staff/salesman assignment as well as machine and/or workstation allotments
in a typical shop floor situation
Evaluate and solve uncertain situational issues using techniques of game theory to solve
C409.3
problems of different kinds within an organization.
C409.4 Formulate operations research problems as LPP and appreciate their limitation
Develop mathematical skills to solve network models, sequence models and queuing models
C409.5
arising from a wide range of applications
Faculty Faculty Course Coordinator
@Q--Q
Facilitator
~
NBA Coordinator
~
HOD
Maharaja Institute of Technology Mysore ~
Department of Mechanical Engineering ~
Syllabus

Module - 1
Introduction: Evolution of OR, Definitions of OR, Scope of OR, Applications of OR, Phases in OR
study. Characteristics and limitations of OR, models used in OR, Linear Programming Problem
(LPP), Generalized LPP- Formulation of problems as L.P.P. Solutions to LPP by graphical method
(Two Variables).
Module - 2
LPP: Simplex method, Canonical and Standard form of LP problem, slack, surplus and artificial
variables, Solutions to LPP by Simplex method, Big-M Method and Two-Phase Simplex Method,
Degeneracy in LPP. Concept of Duality, writing Dual of given LPP. Solutions to L.P.P by Dual
Simplex Method.
Module - 3
Transportation Problem: Formulation of transportation problem, types, initial basic feasible
solution using North-West Corner rule, Vogel’s Approximation method. Optimality in Transportation
problem by Modified Distribution (MODI) method. Unbalanced T.P. Maximization T.P. Degeneracy
in transportation problems, application of transportation problem.
Module - 4
Network analysis: Introduction, Construction of networks, Fulkerson’s rule for numbering the nodes,
AON and AOA diagrams; Critical path method to find the expected completion time of a project,
determination of floats in networks, PERT networks, determining the probability of completing a
project, predicting the completion time of project; Cost analysis in networks. Crashing of networks-
Problems.
Queuing Theory: Queuing systems and their characteristics, Pure-birth and Pure-death models (only
equations), Kendall & Lee’s notation of Queuing, empirical queuing models – Numerical on M/M/1
and M/M/C Queuing models.
Module - 5
Game Theory: Definition, Pure Strategy problems, Saddle point, Max-Min and Min-Max criteria,
Principle of Dominance, Solution of games with Saddle point. Mixed Strategy problems. Solution of
2X2 games by Arithmetic method, Solution of 2Xn m and mX2 games by graphical method.
Formulation of games.
Sequencing: Basic assumptions, Johnson’s algorithm, sequencing ‘n’ jobs on single machine using
priority rules, sequencing using Johnson’s rule-‘n’ jobs on 2 machines, ‘n’ jobs on 3 machines, ‘n’
jobs on ‘m’ machines. Sequencing of2 jobs on ‘m’ machines using graphical method.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Operations Research, P K Gupta and D S Hira, S. Chand and Company LTD. Publications, New
Delhi – 2007
2. Operations Research, An Introduction, Seventh Edition, Hamdy A. Taha, PHI Private Limited,
2006.
3. Introduction to Operations Research, Lieberman/Nag/Basu, 9th Edition, McGraw Hill Education
Pvt. Ltd.,
REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Operations Research, Theory and Applications, Sixth Edition, J K Sharma, Trinity Press, Laxmi
Publications Pvt. Ltd. 2016.
2. Operations Research, Paneerselvan, PHI
Maharaja Institute of Technology Mysore ~
Department of Mechanical Engineering ~
Syllabus
3. Operations Research, A M Natarajan, P Balasubramani, Pearson Education, 2005

4. Introduction to Operations Research, Hillier and Lieberman,8thEd., McGraw Hill
Index
SL. No. Contents Page No.
1 Module 1: Introduction 1 – 18
2 Module 2: LPP 19 – 48
3 Module 3: Transportation Problem 49 – 88
4 Module 4: Networks 89 – 115
5 Module 5: Game Theory and Sequencing 116 – 154

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Operations Research (17ME81), Module 2: LPP 19






























Operations Research (17ME81), Module 3: Transportation Problem 49








































Operations Research (17ME81), Module 4: Networks 89



























Operations Research (17ME81), Module 5: Game Theory 116























Operations Research (17ME81), Module 5: Sequencing 139
















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Maharaja Education Trust (R), Mysuru

Maharaja Institute of Technology Mysore

Approved by AICTE, New Delhi,

Department of Mechanical Engineering

“To be recognized as a premier technical and management institution promoting extensive

�ಕಷ್ಣ �ೇಂದ��ಾ� ಗುರು���ೊಳ��ವ�ದು.

 To empower students with indispensable knowledge through dedicated teaching and

 To advance extensive research in science, engineering and management disciplines.

 To facilitate entrepreneurial skills through effective institute - industry collaboration and

��ಾ���ಗ��ೆ ಉದ�ಮ�ೕಲ�ೆಯ �ೌಶಲ� ಪ�ೆಯಲು �ೆರ�ಾಗುವ�ದು.

 To instill the need to uphold ethics in every aspect.

 To mould holistic individuals capable of contributing to the advancement of the society.

"To excel in technical education by producing Mechanical Engineers who are

 To enrich teaching learning experience through distinguished practices and ever

 To enhance student performance through constant guidance, motivation and

1. Engineering knowledge: Apply the knowledge of mathematics, science, engineering

Subject: Operations Research Subject Code: 17ME81

Faculty Faculty Course Coordinator

Subject: Operations Research Subject Code: 17ME81

3. Operations Research, A M Natarajan, P Balasubramani, Pearson Education, 2005

Subject: Operations Research Subject Code: 17ME81

SL. No. Contents Page No.

3 Module 3: Transportation Problem 49 – 88

4 Module 4: Networks 89 – 115

5 Module 5: Game Theory and Sequencing 116 – 154

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Operations Research (17ME81), Module 1: Introduction 9

Operations Research (17ME81), Module 1: Introduction 10

Operations Research (17ME81), Module 1: Introduction 11

Operations Research (17ME81), Module 1: Introduction 12

Operations Research (17ME81), Module 1: Introduction 13

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