Script

Good morning, everyone, today we are going to discuss the meiosis and its stages.
Now have you ever wondered, how some of us have the same parents but us, the children, look
different from one another? Well, that can happen because of the process called Meiosis.

Meiosis is a type of cell division that reproduce organisms that reduces the number of
chromosomes in gametes (the sex cells, or egg and sperm cells)
Its function is to produce gametes. So, during meiosis, four daughter cells will be produced, each
which are haploid (containing half as many chromosomes as the parent cells)

What is the difference between Meiosis and Mitosis?

I’ll give you 4 major differences between them one, is Mitosis have no crossing over while meiosis
has, two, is Mitosis only results to two daughter cells unlike Meiosis that can result to four daughter
cells, three, Mitosis has no pairing or synapsis, In Meiosis there is pairing of chromosomes, and
lastly, Mitosis only has four stages.
There are two stages or phases of meiosis: there are the Meiosis I and Meiosis II. Before dividing
cell enters meiosis, it undergoes a period of growth called interphase. At the end of the meiosis
process, four daughter cells are produced.

The replicated DNA is the same as the identical sister chromatids of each chromosome.

The 1st stage of Meiosis I is the Prophase, starts off with a diploid cell its chromatin contains two
uncoiled and spread-out sets of chromosomes one from each parent. After the DNA in the
chromatin replicates, it condenses and thickens to a X-shaped chromosomes. In a process called
synapsis, each chromosome pairs up and binds to its corresponding homologous chromosome,
therefore forming a tetrad. In a process called crossing over chromatids from each homologous
exchange segments of alleles. Also called as recombination, it can randomly happen on every
chromosome, resulting in gene combinations. That is why each gamete is different from one
another. Because of crossover it results to a genetic variety, meaning this is the reason why the
children look different from their biological parents as well as to their biological siblings.
Continuing, the nuclear membrane disappears the centrioles move to opposite ends of the cell,
then spindle fibers fan out from them.
Now, what is homologous? It is chromosomes that are approximately the same size and contain the
same types of genes in the same location. (Draw it on the board)
They are lined up in homologous pairs because they exchange genetic information between each
other. They flop over each other and exchange information.

The 2nd stage of Meiosis I is the Metaphase I, the cells are going to be in pair at middle of the
equator attach to spindle fibers from opposite poles.
Now the 3rd stage is the Anaphase, the paired cells are going to separate from each other or pulled
away by the spindle fibers.

The 4th stage is the Telophase, where microtubules break down, the nuclear membrane forms, the
spindle fibers disappears and the chromosomes returned to an uncondensed state. The cell then
divides into two haploid daughter cells by the cytokinesis. Meiosis I end with two genetically
different haploid daughter cells. Each haploid cell contains only one set of chromosomes consisting
of paired sister chromatids.
Spindle fibers are a form of protein structure that divides the genetic material in a cell.

Both cells will continue on Meiosis II, however unlike Meiosis II the DNA does not replicate.

Once again during Prophase II, the cell membrane breakdowns, and spindle fibers fan out from two
set of centrioles
Metaphase II, the chromosomes in each cell line up at the middle of the equatorial plate and attach
to spindle fibers from two opposite poles.

Anaphase II, the sister chromatids of each chromosome separate and move to opposite poles, and
once the sister chromatid separates, they are now called chromosomes.

Finally, the last phase, Telophase II, the spindle fibers will now disappear, and the nuclear
membranes reform and cytokinesis occurs in both cells. The meiosis II ends with four different
genetically haploid daughter cells each only containing only one set of chromosomes.