Experiment - 5

ESO205A (2021-22-I)

Section-5 Group-2
Dhesingu 200328
Disha Choudhary 200340
Divakar Gupta 200342
Dwij Raj Hari 200358
Part 5A: Finding the Curie Temperature for BaTiO3 from its Dielectric constant
vs Temperature plot

Observations:
• Transition temperature during heating = 134 ○C
• Transition temperature during cooling = 133 ○C
134+133 ○
∴ Curie Temperature for BaTiO3 = C = 133.5○C
2
 Part 5B
1. Finding the Vacancy Formation Energy in NaCl from Ionic Conductivity Data

We have,
𝜙
−𝐸𝑚 + 2
𝜎 = 𝐴 exp ( )
𝑘𝑇
Where,
𝜎 = 𝐼𝑜𝑛𝑖𝑐 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦
𝐴 = 𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑐𝑟𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑙
𝐸𝑚 = 𝐴𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑣𝑎𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑝𝑎𝑖𝑟
Taking ln on both sides,
𝜙
−𝐸𝑚 + 2 1
ln(𝜎) = ( ) + ln(𝐴)
𝑘 𝑇

𝜙 𝟏
∴ (𝐸𝑚 − ) = −𝑘 × 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝐥𝐧(𝝈) 𝒗𝒔 𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑝ℎ
2 𝑻

From the above plot,

𝟏
• 𝑆𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝒍𝒏(𝝈) 𝒗𝒔 𝑻 𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑝ℎ = −1.0696 × 104
𝜙
∴ (𝐸𝑚 − ) = 1.38064852 × 10−23 × 1.0696 × 104 = 𝟏. 𝟒𝟕𝟔𝟕 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟗 𝑱
2
2. Plotting the Resistivity of Zirconia as a function of Temperature

Observations:
• The Resistivity of Zirconia decreases as the Temperature increases.
Reason: Since Conductivity depends on electron mobility as well as
the concentration of electrons in the conduction band, which increases with
increase in temperature for a doped semiconductor (in this case, Zirconia),
the conductivity also increases. As a result, the resistivity decreases.