INFLAMMATION

26. Which of the following statements regarding prostaglandins is INCORRECT?

a. Prostacyclin and thromboxane A2 are synthesized from the same precursor
b. Leukocyte adhesion is mediated by thromboxane A2 - selectins
c. Vasodilation is mediated by PGE
d. Vasoconstriction is mediated by LTD4
e. Chemotaxis is mediated by HETE

27. Chronic inflammation

a. Is characterized by prolonged duration and usually results in resolution
b. Is associated with structural changes in microvasculature leading to exudation of proteins
c. Is characterized by angiogenesis <- true, as part of the healing
d. Features infiltration by polymorphonuclear cells, mast cells and lymphocytes – may have infiltration
from these cells…
e. Is usually associated with markedly symptomatic response to persistent infection by certain
microorganisms – low grade response to

28. In chronic inflammation the life span of tissue macrophages is closest to:
a. 4-8 hours
b. 1 day
c. 8 days
d. 2-4 weeks
e. 2 months

29. With regard to chemical mediators of inflammation:

a. Are solely derived from plasma
b. Leukotrienes are preformed mediators
c. Nitric oxide results in vasodilation
d. Source of serotonin is leukocytes
e. Histamine results in vascular leakage

30. Regarding chemical mediators of inflammation:

a. Histamine exerts its proinflammatory effects mainly on venules – arteriolar dilation, venule leakage
b. C5a, LTB4, IL8 are chemotactic - IL8 is a chemokine
c. Fever and pain are mediated by prostaglandins, IL1, TNF and kinins (?kinins – pain, not fever)
d. Oxygen metabolites are important in host defence – definitely true
e. All of the above

31. Vascular changes in acute inflammation include:

a. Slowing of the circulation leading to leukocyte margination - true
b. Initial transient vasodilation of arterioles – initial transient arteriolar vasoconstriction
c. Decreased hydrostatic pressure caused by vasodilation - increased
d. Leakage of high protein fluid into vessels – out of
e. Increased osmotic pressure within vessels - outside

32. Leukocyte extravasation occurs in the following order:

a. Activation, rolling, transmigration, adhesion
b. Rolling, activation, adhesion, immigration
c. Adhesion, rolling, activation, transmigration
d. Rolling, activation, adhesion, transmigration
e. Transmigration, adhesion, activation, rolling

33. In acute inflammation, which is the correct sequence of events with regard to vascular
flow and caliber?
a. Vasodilation, margination, stasis, vasoconstriction
b. Vasoconstriction, stasis, margination, vasodilation
c. Vasodilation, stasis, vasoconstriction, marginaiton
d. Vasoconstriction, vasodilation, stasis, margination
e. Vasodilation, vasoconstriction, stasis, margination

34. The epithelioid cells of follicular granulomas are:

a. Reticular
b. Fibroblasts
c. Modified macrophages
d. Plasma cells
e. Lymphocytes

35. Vascular permeability in inflammation is increased by:

a. C3b and C3bI - opsinisation
b. C3b - opsinisation
c. C3a and C5a – via histamine release (anaphylatoxins)
d. C5-9 – C6-9 are important in MAC formation (multiples of C9’s)
e. C3bI – iC3b impt in opsinisation

36. Regarding acute inflammation:

a. Occurs in apoptosis
b. Increased vascular permeability resulting in increased colloid osmotic pressure and reduced
hytdrostatic pressure
c. Leukocyte migration through blood vessels is required by binding to selectin and integrin receptors
d. Causes venule dilation but not arteriole dilation
e. Typically produces transudate – normally exudate
37. Mononuclear phagocytes
a. Are the predominant cells in three day old wounds
b. Are common in liver, spleen and pancreas
c. Produce fibroblast growth factor
d. Secrete interferon-g
e. Have a half-life of one day

38. With regard to the leukocyte extravasation of the acute inflammatory response, which of
the following is INCORRECT?
a. ELAM-1 is a selectin found on endothelium – aka E-selectin
b. E and P-selectins bind to oligosaccharides found on neutrophils and monocytes
c. L-selectin is found on neutrophils, monocytes and lymphocytes
d. ICAM-1 belongs to the immunoglobulin family of molecules, and is found on leukocytes – ICAM is
an intergrin ligand found on endolthelial cells
e. VCAM-1 binds to integrins

39. Phagocytosis
a. Occurs in 2 steps – 3 steps: recognition, engulfment and killing
b. C5a is an opsonin – C3b and iC3b
c. IgM is a potent opsonin
d. Bacterial killing occurs by mainly O2 dependent mechanisms
e. Doesn’t occur without opsonisation