PAOMBONG HIGH SCHOOL, INC.

School Year 2022-2023

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS
MAPEH 7 (HEALTH)

Ms. Abegail B. Sergio

Teacher

LESSON 15: Non-communicable Diseases

WEEK: 35

DATE: May 2-5, 2022

LEARNING COMPETENCIES:

1. Explains non-communicable diseases based on cause and effect, signs and symptoms, risk
factors and protective factors and possible complications

2. Corrects myth and fallacies about noncommunicable diseases

Kindly read the following instructions:

1. Read the instructions carefully before starting anything.

2. Read each topic and answer all the activities and worksheets provided completely.

3. Manage your time well.

4. Take note of the following icons. These will serve as your guide as you go through the lesson:

This icon indicates the introductory part of the lesson.

This icon signifies that the succeeding part of the lesson contains
significant information that you need to read and analyze for better
understanding of the lesson.
This icon represents the part of the lesson that contains the additional
information that you need to remember before moving on to the next
lesson.
You will see this icon activities that need to be answered as a way of checking
your understanding of the lesson. Keep in the mind the page number indicated
for each activity.

The lessons are designed for you to better understand the different non-communicable
diseases: the causes and effects, signs and symptoms, risk factors and protective factors and
possible complications. This will help you to correct myths and fallacies about non-communicable
diseases. Activities is provided for deeper understanding of the lesson

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Let’s get started!

You have probably suffered from a disease. Do you

remember how you acquired the disease? Did you acquire the disease
from someone else? Or did bacteria or viruses cause it? For this week,
we will be discussing the different non-communicable diseases. To
know more about it, let’s dig into our discussion.

Let’s read and learn!

What are non-communicable diseases?

As defined by the World Health Organization (WHO), non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are those
diseases that are not passed from one person to another. These are non-infectious diseases that may be
hereditary or a result of lifestyle factors and not from pathogens. Common examples are heart disease and
cancer acquired through hereditary factors, improper diet, and other risk factors. Some non-communicable
diseases do not usually lead to death but may cause discomfort and cause suffering.

According to the WHO, about 38 million people die each year due to NCD. Many Filipinos die every day
because of heart disease and cancer. The effects of these diseases on one’s health are difficult to reverse
once they are acquired. That is why it is important for everyone to know more about NCDs and their
prevention.

What are some Common Non-communicable Diseases?

Cardiovascular
disease

Diabetes Allergy
Non-communicable
Diseases
Cancer
Asthma

Renal
Failure

1. Allergy is a condition wherein the immune system becomes hypersensitive

to something in the environment such as dust, mites, molds, plant’s pollen,
food, and even to medicines. These things are called allergens.

Do you experience redness or itching of eyes or having runny nose or

skin rashes when you are exposed to some allergens? If not, you are lucky. If
yes, most likely you are allergic to any of these things. Don’t worry, allergies
are not contagious and can be cured.

Responses may be triggered through food intake, vaccines or blood transfusion, insect sting, skin
contact, or through smelling.

Signs and Symptoms: swelling of the mucus membrane, redness and itching of the eyes, impaired hearing,
rashes, and headaches. In serious cases, it may also include difficulty in breathing.

Risk factors
You might be more likely to develop an allergy if you:
● have a family history of asthma or allergies, such as hay fever, hives or eczema

● are a child

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School Year 2022-2023
● have asthma or another allergic condition
Complications:
Having an allergy increases your risk of certain other medical problems, including:
● Anaphylaxis. If you have severe allergies, you're at increased risk of this serious allergy-induced
reaction. Foods, medications and insect stings are the most common triggers of anaphylaxis.
● Asthma. If you have an allergy, you're more likely to have asthma — an immune system reaction that
affects the airways and breathing. In many cases, asthma is triggered by exposure to an allergen in the
environment (allergy-induced asthma).
● Sinusitis and infections of the ears or lungs. Your risk of getting these conditions is higher if you
have hay fever or asthma.

Treatment and Management:

● Allergen avoidance. Your doctor will help you take steps to identify and avoid your allergy triggers.
This is generally the most important step in preventing allergic reactions and reducing symptoms.
● Medications. Depending on your allergy, medications can help reduce your immune system reaction
and ease symptoms. Your doctor might suggest over-the-counter or prescription medication in the form
of pills or liquid, nasal sprays, or eye drops.
● Immunotherapy. For severe allergies or allergies not completely relieved by other treatment, your
doctor might recommend allergen immunotherapy. This treatment involves a series of injections of
purified allergen extracts, usually given over a period of a few years.
● Another form of immunotherapy is a tablet that's placed under the tongue (sublingual) until it dissolves.
Sublingual drugs are used to treat some pollen allergies.

2. Asthma is a chronic lung disease in which the passageways that allow air
to enter and leave the lungs are inflamed and become narrow. This condition
can make breathing difficult. Asthma may not be a serious problem to some
people having this condition, but in some cases, this can be life-threatening.
During asthmas attacks, difficulty in breathing may be worsened by respiratory
diseases such as cold or flu.

a. Common asthma triggers are dust and mold, pollen, cold air, weather change, sinus infections, stress,
and certain foods.
b. Symptoms of asthma may vary from one person to another. It may include the following:
● Shortness of breath

● Coughing and wheezing

● Whistling sound when breathing, especially when exhaling

● Chest pain or chest tightness

Risk factors:
A number of factors are thought to increase
● Being a smoker
your chances of developing asthma. They include:
● Having a blood relative with asthma, such ● Exposure to second hand smoke
as a parent or sibling ● Exposure to exhaust fumes or other types of
● Having another allergic condition, such as pollution
atopic dermatitis — which causes red, itchy ● Exposure to occupational triggers, such as
skin — or hay fever — which causes runny
chemicals used in farming, hairdressing and
nose, congestion and itchy eyes
manufacturing
● Being overweight

Complications:
● Signs and symptoms that interfere with ● Sick days from work or school during
sleep, work and other activities asthma flare-ups
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● A permanent narrowing of the tubes that ● Emergency room visits and hospitalizations
carry air to and from your lungs (bronchial for severe asthma attacks
tubes), which affects how well you can
● Side effects from long-term use of some
breathe
medications used to stabilize severe asthma

Treatment and Management

● Avoid inhaling substances such as fumes,
insecticide and cleaning products
● Drink at least 6 to 8 glasses of water a day
● Avoid stressful situations
● Do not exercise too much
● Do not smoke and avoid secondhand
smoke
● Take all prescribe medications with filled
stomach

3. Cardiovascular disease is a disease of the heart and blood vessels. This may include coronary heart
disease, which occurs when the coronary arteries are narrowed or blocked by waxy substance referred to as
plaque.
Coronary arteries supply oxygenated blood to the heart muscles. If the flow of the oxygen-rich blood to the
heart is reduced or blocked, a serious heart problem, like heart attack, may occur.

Arteriosclerosis and Atherosclerosis

Did you know that eating too much fatty, salty, or food that contains high cholesterol may cause fat and
cholesterol build-up in your blood vessels?

Arteriosclerosis is the hardening and thickening of

the artery wall. This may be caused by atherosclerosis.

Atherosclerosis is the narrowing of the artery due

to deposit of fats, cholesterol deposit may harden and
create a plaque.

The build-up and deposit of fats and cholesterol in the artery may cause it to harden and create plaque.
Signs and symptoms:
● Extreme fatigue ● Difficulty breathing during regular
● Constant dizziness or lightheadedness activities and rest
● A respiratory infection or cough that
● A fast heart rate (more than 100 beats
becomes worse
per minute)
● Restlessness or confusion
● A new, irregular heartbeat
● Changes in sleep patterns
● Chest pain or discomfort during activity
that goes away with rest ● Loss of appetite or nausea

Risk factors:
Overweight, physical inactivity, unhealthy eating, and smoking tobacco are risk factors for CAD. A
family history of heart disease also increases your risk for CAD, especially a family history of having heart
disease at an early age (50 or younger).

Complications:
Coronary heart disease may result in heart attack, angina pectoris, and stroke.
● Heart attack is the death of heart muscle due to lack of blood flow

● Angina pectoris is the chest pain resulting from narrowed coronary arteries inadequacy of
oxygen
● Stroke occurs when blood vessels in the brain burst or are blocked.

Ways to reduce risk of cardiovascular disease

• Maintain a healthy blood cholesterol level • Maintain a
• Avoid smoking and secondhand smoke normal
• Maintain a healthy blood pressure body weight
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School Year 2022-2023
• Participate in regular physical activities

4. Cancer is a group of diseases in which cells divide at an uncontrolled pace. Cancer is not contagious and is
not caused by injuries or accidents. Did you know that you may also acquire the disease? Anyone can have
cancer. Abnormally dividing cells can form a tumor, an abnormal growth of tissue, which can be benign or
malignant. A biopsy or microscopic examination of tissue is done to determine if a tumor is benign or
malignant.

What is the difference between malignant and benign tumors?

Malignant cancer is cancerous. Malignant tumors can spread infection and destruction of nearby
tissues and other body parts. The process is called metastasis.
Benign is not cancerous. Benign tumors may increase in size but do not infect other body parts. They
are typically harmless unless they are in a position where they block normal tissues or organs.

What are the major categories of cancer?

a. Carcinoma is the most common form of c. Lymphomas are cancers arising in cells of
cancer. It is a malignant tumor that develops the lymphatic tissues or the immune system
from epithelial tissue and tends to spread to tissues. They are characterized by
other areas of the body. Cancer of the skin, abnormal production of white cells and
breast, uterus, prostate, lung, stomach, decrease in resistance.
colon, and rectum are examples of
carcinoma. d. Leukemia is a cancer of the blood or bone
b. Sarcomas are cancers that are benign in marrow. It is characterized by an abnormal
the connective or supportive tissues, which production of blood cells, usually leukocytes
develop in the muscle, bone, fat, blood or white blood cells.
vessels, and cartilage.
Risk factors:
The most common risk factors for cancer include aging, tobacco, sun exposure, radiation exposure,
chemicals and other substances, some viruses and bacteria, certain hormones, family history
of cancer, alcohol, poor diet, lack of physical activity, or being overweight.

Complications:
Cancer and its treatment can cause several complications, including:
● Pain. Pain can be caused by cancer or by cancer treatment, though not all cancer is painful.
Medications and other approaches can effectively treat cancer-related pain.
● Fatigue. Fatigue in people with cancer has many causes, but it can often be managed. Fatigue
associated with chemotherapy or radiation therapy treatments is common, but it's usually temporary.
● Difficulty breathing. Cancer or cancer treatment may cause a feeling of being short of breath.
Treatments may bring relief.
● Nausea. Certain cancers and cancer treatments can cause nausea. Your doctor can sometimes predict
if your treatment is likely to cause nausea. Medications and other treatments may help you prevent or
decrease nausea.
● Diarrhea or constipation. Cancer and cancer treatment can affect your bowels and cause diarrhea or
constipation.
● Weight loss. Cancer and cancer treatment may cause weight loss. Cancer steals food from normal
cells and deprives them of nutrients. This is often not affected by how many calories or what kind of
food is eaten; it's difficult to treat. In most cases, using artificial nutrition through tubes into the stomach
or vein does not help change weight loss.
● Chemical changes in your body. Cancer can upset the normal chemical balance in your body and
increase your risk of serious complications. Signs and symptoms of chemical imbalances might include
excessive thirst, frequent urination, constipation and confusion.
● Brain and nervous system problems. Cancer can press on nearby nerves and cause pain and loss
of function of one part of your body. Cancer that involves the brain can cause headaches and stroke-
like signs and symptoms, such as weakness on one side of your body.
● Unusual immune system reactions to cancer. In some cases the body's immune system may react
to the presence of cancer by attacking healthy cells. Called paraneoplastic syndrome, these very rare
reactions can lead to a variety of signs and symptoms, such as difficulty walking and seizures.

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● Cancer that spreads. As cancer advances, it may spread (metastasize) to other parts of the body.
Where cancer spreads depends on the type of cancer.
● Cancer that returns. Cancer survivors have a risk of cancer recurrence. Some cancers are more likely
to recur than others. Ask your doctor about what you can do to reduce your risk of cancer recurrence.
Your doctor may devise a follow-up care plan for you after treatment. This plan may include periodic
scans and exams in the months and years after your treatment, to look for cancer recurrence.

What are some ways to treat cancer?

Nowadays, with modern technology, many cancers are curable, especially if detected at an early stage.
● Radiation Therapy uses high-energy radiation to kill or damage cancer cells. This treatment is usually
performed using radiation-generating machines.
● Chemotherapy uses anti-cancer drugs that kill cancer inside the body. Anti-cancer drugs target mainly
cancer cells although they may harm healthy cells as well.
● Immunotherapy is the treatment where the immune system is stimulated to fight cancer cells.

How to reduce the risk of cancer

a. Identify the signs and symptoms. Early detection of cancer has higher success of treatment. The
acronym C.A.U.T.I.O.N. is recommended by the American Cancer Society. There are the signs and
symptoms that you should look out for.
C- Change in bowel or bladder
habits
A- A sore that does not heal
U- Unusual bleeding or discharge
T- Thickening or lump in a breast or
elsewhere
I- Indigestion or difficulty in
b. Have regular check-ups swallowing g. Exercise and have the right weight
c. Avoid smoking and secondhand smoke h. Beware of family’s history of cancer
d. Avoid too much sun exposure i. Avoid drinking alcohol
e. Eat fruits and vegetables j. Avoid being exposed to dangerous
f. Observe the meat you eat chemicals and airborne fibers.

5. Diabetes or Diabetes Mellitus is a disease in which the body produces little or no insulin or cannot properly
use the insulin it produces. Why? If you have a healthy body and the blood sugar level gets too high, beta cells
in the pancreas release insulin. This will cause the cells to take in sugar to use as energy or store as fat. When
this happens the blood sugar level goes back to normal.

What are the different types of diabetes?

a. Type I diabetes occurs when the body does not produce or make insulin. This is because the immune
system attacks and destroys the cells that produce insulin. Did you know that Type I diabetes usually
develops during childhood and adolescence? But it can also develop during childhood.
b. Type II diabetes occurs when the body cannot properly use the insulin it produced. This type of
diabetes usually develops in adults.
c. Gestational diabetes occurs temporarily during pregnancy.

Signs and Symptoms:

● Increased thirst ● Fatigue

● Frequent urination ● Irritability

● Extreme hunger ● Blurred vision

● Unexplained weight loss ● Slow-healing sores

● Presence of ketones in the urine (ketones ● Frequent infections, such as gums or skin
are a byproduct of the breakdown of muscle infections and vaginal infections
and fat that happens when there's not
enough available insulin)

Risk factors:

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● Weight. The more fatty tissue you have, the
more resistant your cells become to insulin.
● Inactivity. The less active you are, the
greater your risk. Physical activity helps you
control your weight, uses up glucose as
energy and makes your cells more sensitive
to insulin.
● Family history. Your risk increases if a
parent or sibling has type 2 diabetes.
● Age. Your risk increases as you get older.
This may be because you tend to exercise
less, lose muscle mass and gain weight as
you age. But type 2 diabetes is also
increasing among children, adolescents and
younger adults.
● Polycystic ovary syndrome. For women,
having polycystic ovary syndrome — a
common condition characterized by
irregular menstrual periods, excess hair
growth and obesity — increases the risk of
diabetes.
● High blood pressure. Having blood
pressure over 140/90 millimeters of mercury
(mm Hg) is linked to an increased risk of
type 2 diabetes.
● Abnormal cholesterol and triglyceride
levels

Complications:
Long-term complications of diabetes develop gradually. The longer you have diabetes — and the less
controlled your blood sugar — the higher the risk of complications. Eventually, diabetes complications may be
disabling or even life-threatening. Possible complications include:
● Cardiovascular disease ● Skin conditions

● Nerve damage (neuropathy) ● Hearing impairment

● Kidney damage (nephropathy ● Alzheimer's disease

● Eye damage (retinopathy) ● Depression

● Foot damage

6. Renal Failure also known as kidney failure is a condition where the kidney stops
top function properly causing renal insufficiency. The kidneys remove the waste
products from blood and help regulate blood pressure, balance electrolytes, and red
blood cell production of the body.
Signs and symptoms:
● Changes in urination
● Nausea and
● Swelling in the legs, ankles, feet, face or
vomiting
hands
● Shortness of breath, feeling cold, dizziness
● Extreme rashes and itching

Risk factors:
Factors that may increase your risk of chronic kidney disease include:
● Diabetes ● Obesity

● High blood pressure ● Family history of kidney disease

● Heart and blood vessel (cardiovascular) ● Abnormal kidney structure

disease
● Older age
● Smoking

Complications:
Chronic kidney disease can affect almost every part of your body. Potential complications may include:
● Fluid retention, which could lead to swelling in your arms and legs, high blood pressure, or fluid in your
lungs (pulmonary edema)
● A sudden rise in potassium levels in your blood (hyperkalemia), which could impair your heart's ability
to function and may be life-threatening

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● Heart and blood vessel (cardiovascular) disease

● Weak bones and an increased risk of bone fractures

● Anemia

● Damage to your central nervous system, which can cause difficulty concentrating, personality changes
or seizures
● Decreased immune response, which makes you more vulnerable to infection

● Irreversible damage to your kidneys (end-stage kidney disease), eventually requiring either dialysis or a
kidney transplant for survival

Prevention and control:

● Follow instructions on over-the-counter medications. When using non-prescription pain relievers,
such as aspirin, ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others) and acetaminophen (Tylenol, others), follow the
instructions on the package. Taking too many pain relievers could lead to kidney damage and generally
should be avoided if you have kidney disease. Ask your doctor whether these drugs are safe for you.
● Maintain a healthy weight. If you're at a healthy weight, work to maintain it by being physically active
most days of the week. If you need to lose weight, talk with your doctor about strategies for healthy
weight loss. Often this involves increasing daily physical activity and reducing calories.
● Don't smoke. Cigarette smoking can damage your kidneys and make existing kidney damage worse. If
you're a smoker, talk to your doctor about strategies for quitting smoking. Support groups, counseling
and medications can all help you to stop.
● Manage your medical conditions with your doctor's help. If you have diseases or conditions that
increase your risk of kidney disease, work with your doctor to control them. Ask your doctor about tests
to look for signs of kidney damage.

MYTHS AND FALLACIES ABOUT NON COMMUNICABLE DISEASES

Do you believe that you are not supposed to worry about heart diseases yet because you are still too
young to have the disease? Or that breast cancer is a disease that affects women only? There are some
myths and fallacies about NCDs that we sometimes accept and believe as true. You need to be aware of these
myths because they may lead to a more serious health problem.

To know more about myths and fallacies about non-communicable diseases and the truth behind
these, let’s dig into our discussion.

Let’s read and learn!

The list below shows some myths and fallacies about NCDs.

Myth and Fallacies Facts

1. “I’m too young to worry about heart diseases.” Lifestyle during childhood and adolescence affects
the risk of having cardiovascular diseases later.
Plaque may start accumulating during early stages of
life and may lead to clogged arteries eventually.

2. A diabetes diagnosis means you automatically Some cases of diabetes need proper diet, exercise,
need insulin. and oral medications in order to keep it under control
until insulin becomes a necessity.

3. Eating too much sugar causes diabetes In Type 2 diabetes, the body doesn’t respond
normally to insulin and is caused by genetic and
lifestyle factors. However, excessive sugar intake

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School Year 2022-2023
can lead to weight gain and increased chances of
developing the disease.

4. Only women get breast cancer Men having breast tissue can also develop breast
cancer.

5. If breast cancer does not run in your family, you 70-80% of women who get breast cancer have no
will not get it. family history of the disease.

6. Living in a cold climate causes arthritis Pain felt from arthritis is caused by the rubbing of
bones and has nothing to do with the climate.

7. Asthma is a psychological condition Asthma is caused by respiratory problems and

triggered by allergens.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), non-communicable diseases or NCDs, are by
far the leading causes of death in the world, representing 63% of all annual deaths. Non-
communicable diseases (NCDs) kill more than 36 million people each year. Some 80% of all NCD
deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries.

Sources:
● Gerardo, L. et. al. (2018). The 21st Century MAPEH in Action 7. Quezon City: Rex Bookstore, Inc.

● https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions /symptoms-causes/syc-20354521

● https://www.thedacare.org/Health-Library-and-Conditions/cardiovascular/common-conditions-
and-risks/Risks-and-Warning-Signs.aspx
● https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions /symptoms-causes/syc-20354521

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS

MAPEH 7 (HEALTH)

Name: __________________________________________ Grade & Section: _______________

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 PAOMBONG HIGH SCHOOL, INC.
School Year 2022-2023
Week 35 Date: May 2-5, 2023

Activity: Non-Communicable Diseases

I. Directions: Complete the table below.

Prevention and
Cause and Signs and Possible
Disease Risk Factors control/Treatment
Effect symptoms Complications
and Management

Allergy 1. 1. 1. 1. 1.

2. 2. 2. 2.

3 3 3 3

Asthma 2. 1. 1. 1. 1.

2. 2. 2. 2.

3 3 3 3

Cardiovascular 3. 1. 1. 1. 1.
disease
2. 2. 2. 2.

3 3 3 3

Cancer 4. 1. 1. 1. 1.

2. 2. 2. 2.

3 3 3 3

Diabetes or 5. 1. 1. 1. 1.
Diabetes
Mellitus 2. 2. 2. 2.

3 3 3 3

Renal Failure 6. 1. 1. 1. 1.

2. 2. 2. 2.

3 3 3 3

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS

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 PAOMBONG HIGH SCHOOL, INC.
School Year 2022-2023
MAPEH 7 (HEALTH)

Name: __________________________________________ Grade & Section: _______________

Week 35 Date: May 2-5, 2023

Activity: Fact or Bluff

A. Directions: Correct the following myths and fallacies about non-communicable diseases.

Myths Facts

1. “Heart disease runs in my family, so there’s

nothing I can do to prevent it.”

2. The only treatment for kidney disease is

dialysis.

3. “I don’t need to have my cholesterol checked

until I’m middle-aged.” 

4. Medicine is the only way to decrease allergy

symptoms.

5. People with asthma shouldn’t exercise.

B. Directions: Write F if the statement is a fact and M if it is a myth or fallacy.

____1. Diabetes occurs only among adults.
____2. Children need not worry about non-communicable diseases because they won’t acquire
any since they are still young.
____3. Non-communicable diseases may be acquired by anyone if they live an unhealthy lifestyle.
____4. Both men and women may acquire breast cancer.
____5. Eating sweets will always result in diabetes.

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