COMMUNICATION STUDIES CRASH COURSE @pegus - Tutoring

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WELCOME TO OUR
FREE
COMMUNICATION STUDIES
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CRASH COURSE
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Tutor: Mr. Pegus
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THREE ESSAYS IN 2 hours & 30 minutes
- 1 on module 1
- 1 on module 2
- 1 on module 3
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Common mistake:
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Poor use of time
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9:00 - 11:30 am
9:00-9:45 - Module 1 (45 mins)

9:45-10:30 - Module 2 (45 mins)
10:30-11:05 - Module 3 (35 mins)
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5 mins reading/planning for each section
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Last 25 mins, complete unfinished questions &

check over
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MODULE 1 ESSAY - GATHERING AND

PROCESSING INFORMATION (500 words)
You will be given an extract from an article, speech,

report or text
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Identify the genre/discourse:
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- Narrative
- Descriptive
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- Expository
- Persuasive
- Argumentative
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Your essay must include:

1.State the writer’s main point
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2.State the writer’s purpose

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3.Identify organisational strategies and how they

help to achieve the writer’s purpose
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4.Identify language techniques and how they help

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to achieve the writer’s purpose

5.Evaluate the credibility or reliability of the
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information
6.Discuss the writer’s tone
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STRUCTURE OF THE M1 ESSAY
INTRODUCTION:
Be sure to include the following;
- Title of extract “in inverted commas”, author’s name, publishing info if
stated (Year and date and name of publishers).
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- A synopsis of the extract (3 lines max)
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- Thesis: (What the essay will be about - Refer to the question)
-Main idea and/or Writer’s Purpose
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- Language techniques and/or Organizational strategies
- Tone/Reliability/Validity (if required)
PARAGRAPH 1 -
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Main idea - This is a SUMMARY of usually 2-3 main ideas and is stated, *“ The
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main point\idea is that…”
Writer’s purpose: • The writer's main purpose\s is usually a complex sentence
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stated using the INFINITIVE VERB. Remember to always use a suitable verb
and link it to the discourse e.g. to criticize, enlighten, elucidate, inform/
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educate/raise awareness, argue, convince, entertain, persuade, question,

direct, provide aesthetic pleasure.
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Next step: Identify the NUMBER of organizational strategies and language

techniques asked for in the instructions
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Format: PEEE
P - Point
E - Example
E- Explanation
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E - Effectiveness in achieving purpose

PARAGRAPH 3/4/5/6 ETC.
P.E.E. for Organizational Strategy/Language Technique
- Identify the organizational strategy/ language technique employed (topic
sentence)
- Give a “quote” that shows as an example of the organizational
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strategy/language technique. Be sure it is a long enough example.
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- Explain the usage of the quote
- Explain how this example would have helped the author to achieve his
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purpose - be sure to use these exact words. Explain the value or helpfulness of
the technique.
P.E.E.E. for Tone/Validity/Reliability

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Identify the tone/ whether the extract is valid/reliable
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- Give a “quote” that shows as an example of this
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- Explain it’s usage

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- Explain how this example would have helped the author to achieve his
purpose - be sure to use these exact words.
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CONCLUSION: (approx. 3 lines)

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- Restate what the main idea of your essay was OR what the thesis
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accomplished - e.g. that language techniques, organizational strategies and

tone are all essential elements in the writer’s quest to achieve his purpose of …
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ORGANIZATIONAL STRATEGIES
These are features of organization that stem throughout a piece of writing. They
help with the layout of an extract and is helpful in a writer’s presentation of
information/an argument.
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Facts – the use of information or details that can be proven to be true. They
can be used as evidence to support a writer’s claims. The use of factual data
helps to give the writing credibility to what is being said.
Statistical data – the use of numerical data that is, figures and percentages that
are derived from the process of statistical analysis. It represents a proportion of
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a whole based on a representative sample. Statistics can be verified as they are
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often factual and help in substantiating a writer’s point. Credible source of
information.
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Historical data – this is a secondary source of data. It entails the use of
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significant data from the past in relation to the topic of discussion. It adds
validity to a piece of writing because it gives insights from the past which are
necessary to understand why a present situation does or does not exist. It also
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helps the reader to anticipate what the future may hold based on the topic at
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hand.
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Cause and effect – the layout of this piece of writing is used by writers who
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wish to illustrate the reasons why something happens and the outcomes of
what happens as a result of it. It is a logical means of presenting ideas that can
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be very informative and persuasive as it provides in depth analysis of a

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situation.
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Comparison and contrast – used in writing to show the evaluation of

similarities and differences in a topic. It helps in showing different sides of a
topic which provides holistic view of the subject under analysis. It helps the
reader in being able to form their own judgement on a topic.
Use of simple listing – listing of events/things to make the writer’s point.
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Use of definition – the use of term(s) that are distinctly explained so as to bring
a clearer understanding of the topic at hand. In essence, it is a statement of
meaning that links to the writer’s purpose of informing and or persuading an
audience. Definitions can be of different types where the essence of the term is
given, listing the objects that a term describes and using examples to define the
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concept.
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Examples – use of a point to explain/expand on a topic. In some cases, it can
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be used to substantiate a writer’s point, often by refuting others.
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Anecdotes – stories/narratives or even personal experiences of the writer. It
can be based on true events but often it is highly subjective. In many instances,
it is presented as the writer’s views and is highly unreliable.
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Illustrations – an interpretation of a fact or even an action that displays or

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elaborates on an example.
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Chronological layout – arrangement of sentences and ideas in sequence or in

the order in which things happened. It can be via timeline, or even via the
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sequence of events in any given situation.

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Quotations – use of a group of words used within a specific context and about
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a given topic that is repeated by someone other than the original author or
speaker. It is often used to reinforce a writer’s stance on a given topic.
Paragraphing – the use of either short or long paragraphs to display

information. Within these paragraphs, sentences can be long to show wealth of
information, or that a writer is deeply engrossed in expressing their
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views/presenting information on the topic. It could also be written in short

sentences to show that a writer is being brief to create suspense, heighten the
tension, etc.
Use of sources/expert advice – use of credible and reliable sources of

information such as reputable persons/organisations in society. These add
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reliability and validity to one’s claims because credible persons substantiate a
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writer’s point.
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Diction – e.g. provision of technical details. Use of specific information based
on a topic that incorporates technical jargon that is used to make a writer’s
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point. For instance, if the writer presents on a topic about ‘cars’ then technical
details may include something like ‘gearbox’, ‘engine’, ‘fuel injector’, etc.
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Use of an introduction – provides background information on the topic, gives
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clear direction and outlines the writer’s stance on the topic. The writer’s main
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point is also stated in the first paragraph.

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Advantages and Disadvantages

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Transitional words
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LANGUAGE TECHNIQUES
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These are features or technicalities in language that are found in the extract.
Tone – the writer’s attitude to what (s)he is writing or presenting. It is

evidences in the diction or choice of language that a writer uses. Tone can
change within writing by moving from one kind of tone to another within
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paragraphs.
Mood – how the reader or audience feels about the information that is
presented within an extract. It is the feeling that is generated by what is written.
E.g. happy, sad, disappointed, enraged, nostalgic, pensive, etc.
Literary devices – the use of figures of speech within an extract that allows
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written expression to be elevated. For the essay, 2-3 different literary devices
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should be analyzed. Please remember the formula for analyzing a literary
device. Step 1: identify the device by stating the example and naming it. Step 2:
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explain the device by applying the definition to it. Step 3: comment on the
effectiveness of the device by explaining how it contributes to any TWO of the
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following: tone, mood, imagery, senses, writer’s purpose, main idea, theme,
conflict, setting, character, give a qualitative statement.
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Punctuation – the use of punctuation marks for different reasons. Maybe there
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are several dashes located within the piece. The purpose of the punctuation
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mark needs to be discussed in relation to the piece. Dashes for example may be
frequently used to further explain or give separate the main point from its
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supporting details.
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Language – can be comical, sarcastic, language to demean others, language to

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uplift others, etc. Language used can also be the specific language variety e.g.
Standard English may be used to appeal to a wide audience because it is
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accepted worldwide and therefore, it will facilitate understanding by many.

Creole may be used by the writer for a variety of reasons such as to realistically
portray the language situation of the Caribbean, to reflect the identity of
Caribbean people, to form a connection with native Creole speakers within the
Caribbean.
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Use of first person pronouns – use of personal pronouns such as I, me, mine,
ours, we, is used to show the writer’s view on a subject matter. It is a more
direct approach that seeks to include the reader and get them thinking deeper
on the subject matter. This will help to generate their personal views on the
topic.
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Use of rhetorical questions – the use of questions to which no answer is
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required. This may be used within an extract for the audience to gain deeper
thinking about the topic.
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Emotive language – the use of language to display emotions concerning a topic.
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E.g. ‘…it weighs heavily on a person to have experienced such a traumatic
event.’ Use of this technique helps to instill various moods in the audience.
Descriptive language – language that is used to describe persons, events,
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setting, conflict, etc. It gives the reader a clear sense of the topic particularly
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through imagery. In most cases, descriptive language is predominantly visually

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appealing which helps to generate different moods in the audience.

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Personification
Metaphor
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Pun
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Alliteration
Repetition
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Adjectives
Idioms
Oxymoron
Cliche
Slangs
Hyperbole
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Onomatopoeia
Sarcasm
Slang
Satire
Vocabulary - words
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Mark Scheme
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- Content - 10 marks
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- Organisation - 7 marks
- Expression - 8 marks
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Example Question:
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1. Read the extract below carefully and answer the questions that follow.
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The University of the West Indies (UWI), along with the Caribbean Community
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and the West Indies Cricket Team, has long been one of three tangible products
of the much-talked-about Caribbean integration that have had substantial
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government support.
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It has not, however, been the most accessible of institutions, not least of all
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because it has only three campuses: Cave Hill in Barbados, St Augustine in

Trinidad, and Mona in Jamaica for the fifteen territories it serves. Mona has
limited housing on campus and has the additional disadvantage of being far
removed from Jamaica’s rural areas, with traffic congestion making daily travel a
daunting affair.
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With this in mind, it is of course welcome that, at the time of writing, UWI is
planning to open a ‘fourth campus’ — this one sited in the most accessible of
places, cyberspace. As reported in Wednesday’s Gleaner, Professor E. Nigel
Harris, Vice Chancellor of UWI, on Monday announced the initiative as part of a
five-year US $600 million plan not only to increase the number of graduates, but
also to turn out ‘work-ready’ ones.
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We cannot help thinking, though, that competition is in part a catalyst for this
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logical development of the long-standing UWI distance-teaching programme. The
mental repositioning of the former ‘College of Arts, Science and Technology’ to
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the ‘University of Technology’ has been long complete since the institution was
granted university status in 1995. The Northern Caribbean University has had
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close to a fresh start as it is no longer saddled with the extreme unpopularity of
its former name, the West Indies College and, with its Mandeville location, it
serves an area from which UWI’s Mona campus is physically distant.
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In addition, there is the University College of the Caribbean which in 2005

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launched its Distance Education and Global Learning initiative, as well as any
number of overseas universities which offer a combination of virtual classes and
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regular face-to-face instruction.

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Even with its prestigious position of being ‘A Light Shining From the West’ for 45
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years and of being a full university since 1962, UWI cannot afford to rest on its
laurels. New areas of technology arise, new lights shine, and healthy competition
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in offering tertiary education, as in all spheres of life, cannot but benefit the
consumer.
How this competition will affect the cost of education and the attendant
opportunities remains to be seen, and we hope that tertiary education will now
not only be closer to more persons but also be more affordable to them.
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Adapted from “A campus open to more”,

Jamaica Gleaner, 14 July 2007.
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(a) State the writer’s main point in the extract in no more than 30 words.
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(b) Write an essay, in no more than 500 words, in which you discuss the writer’s
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(i) purpose
(ii) organizational strategies
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(iii) language techniques
(iv) tone.
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Total = 25 marks
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MODEL ESSAY:
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a) Main point: The writer’s main point is that the University of the West Indies plans
to open an online “ fourth campus” to increase accessibility to CARICOM
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students and to battle against increasing competition and the need to produce
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“work ready” graduates.

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“A campus open to more,” is a newspaper article written by the Jamaica Gleaner
on the 14th July 2007. The article highlights that the University of the West Indies is
planning to launch an online "fourth campus" to increase accessibility and produce
"work-ready" graduates amidst growing competition in tertiary education. This essay will
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state the writer’s purpose, discuss 3 organizational strategies and 3 language
techniques as well as the tone of the extract.
The writer’s purpose is to justify to the reader why the University of the West
Indies found it necessary to open a ‘ fourth campus’. The writer achieves this
purpose by using various organisational strategies, language techniques and
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appropriate tone.
Firstly the writer uses the organisational strategy of problem and solution, an
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example of this is seen in the second paragraph where the problem is presented
“Mona campus has limited housing on campus and has the disadvantage of being
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far removed from Jamaica’s rural areas” and the solution is presented in the third
paragraph “UWI is planning to open a fourth campus- the one sited in the most
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accessible of places, cyberspace”. This strategy is effective by showing the problem
that many CARICOM students face even if it is in just one CARICOM territory. The
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writer achieves his purpose because the reader is able to understand why it was
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important for UWI to open an online campus to improve its accessibility.
Along the same lines, the writer also gave the opinion of a reliable source in the
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person of “Professor E. Nigel Harris, Vice Chancellor of UWI, on Monday

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announced …” This is effective because readers tend to believe the opinions of

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professionals whom they deem reliable and so the fact that Professor Harris not
only made the announcement but he justified the reasons as creating accessibility
and work ready graduates.
Similarly, the use of examples of the competing institutions that UWI is up
against is another organisational strategy used. For example “the Northern
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Caribbean University has had close to a fresh start as it is no longer saddled… and
the University of Technology”. The use of this example shows the reader how the
improvement in other regional institutions can take away potential students from
UWI. Therefore the reader understands why it was important for UWI to improve its
accessibility achieving the writer’s purpose.
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Additionally the writer uses the language technique of contrast in his quest to
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achieve his purpose. An example of this is seen in these words ‘however” and “though”.
Its effectiveness is that contrast gives the readers the opportunity to see the issue from
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a different point of view thus helping the writer achieve his purpose of justification for a
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fourth campus.
Moreover the writer uses personal pronouns to include the audience as it

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encourages the reader to relate to what the writer is speaking about. This feeling of
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inclusion makes it easier for the writer to prove his point to the reader why it is
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important for UWI to open a fourth campus. The supporting example is “We cannot
help thinking though…”

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Repetition in many instances is used for emphasis and for memorization of the
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word competition was additionally used as a language technique. For example “We
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cannot help but thinking, though that competition is on part a catalyst for this
development” and “How this competition will affect the cost of education and attendant
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opportunities remains to be seen”. This is effective because it makes the word
competition memorable in the reader’s mind which in turn makes it easier for the writer
to prove that competition was the reason for UWI opening another campus.
As a result of specific words and phrases used by the writer the tone of this piece
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is varied and can thus be defined as complex. For example initially in the paragraphs
one and two there’s a \neutral or dispassionate tone moving into one of rationalization
in paragraphs three to five then ending with that of a hopeful tone of more improvement
made by the University in the future.
In conclusion the writer uses many organisational strategies, language technique
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and a tone in this extract. All of these are all essential elements in the writer’s quest to
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achieve his purpose.
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MODULE 2 - LANGUAGE AND COMMUNITY
(500 words)
You will be given an extract with dialogue, read the

extract carefully.
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Each Caribbean country, give some examples of slang in the chat.
MARK SCHEME:
Content - 10 marks
Organisation - 7 marks
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Expression - 8 marks
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INTRODUCTION:
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Be sure to include the following;
- Title of extract “in inverted commas”, author’s name, publishing info if stated
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(Year and date and name of publishers).
- A synopsis of the extract (3 lines max)
- Thesis: (What the essay will be about - Refer to the question) You may be
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asked to discuss 3-4 of the following topics based on the given extract of a
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narrative, poem or play.

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- Discussion of Language Varieties used (Dialectal Variation - Always

Creole vs Standard English)
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- Attitudes toward language

- Registers
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- Communicative Behaviours
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- Social Factors that influence language choice

- Use of Technology
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BODY:
Each body paragraph should follow the:
P.E.E. Principle - Point
Example
Explanation
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CONCLUSION: (approx. 3 lines)
- Rephrase what the main points of your essay was OR what the thesis
accomplished - e.g that dialectal variation, attitudes toward language,
communicative behaviours and the use of technology are all essential elements
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in the writer’s quest to achieve his purpose.
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MODULE 2 QUESTION:
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2. Read the extract below carefully and then answer the questions that follow.
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Edward didn't give up painting. but he no longer offered to paint things for us, and I think
most people were relieved. He entered some poster competition, and when his design didn't win
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even a consolation prize. he grew really angry with Trinidad.
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One Sunday he said. “I was stupid to send in anything I paint with my own two hands for
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5 Trinidad people to judge.” What they know about anything? Now, if was in America, it woulda
be different. The Americans is people. They know about things
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To hear Edward talk. you felt that America was a gigantic country inhabited by giants.
They lived in enormous houses and they drove in the biggest cars of the world.
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Edward used to say. "Look at Miguel Street. In America you think they have streets so
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10 narrow? In America this street could pass for a sidewalk.

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One night I walked down with Edward to Docksite, in the American army camp. Through
the barbed wire you could see the huge sereen of an open-air cinema.
Edward said, -You see the sort of theatre they come and build in a stupid little place like
Trinidad. Imagine the sort of thing they have in the States
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Edward used his best American accent and said, "What's cooking, Joe?”
To my surprise the sentry, looking fierce under his helmet, replied, and in no time at all
Edward and the sentry were talking away, cach trying to use more swear words than the other.
When Edward came back to Miguel Street he began swaggering along and he said to me,
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And when he was with flat he said. "Was talking the other night with a American - damn
good friend and he was telling me thai as soon as the Americans enter the war the war go end."
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Adapted From VS. Naipaul. Miguel Street.
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Penguin Books. 1971. pp. 143-145.
Write an essay, in no more than 500 words, in which you discuss the following:
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(a) THREE dialectical variations used in the extract
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(b) THREE communicative behaviours displayed by Edward

(c) FOUR ways in which Edward's contempt for his homeland could be
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dramatised in a video presentation

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MODEL ESSAY
An extract from “Miguel Street” by VS Naipaul which was published by

Penguin Books in 1971 portrays a painter, Edward, who shows contempt towards
his native country Trinidad and shows preference for America. In this essay,
three dialectical variations, three communicative behaviours displayed and four
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ways in which contempt for his homeland could be dramatized in a video
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presentation will be discussed.
Firstly, one of the dialectical variations used in the extract is Trinidad
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Creole English. This is seen when Edward uses the preverbal marker ‘does’ to
indicate habitual present tense as he says, “Tell them how good I does…” Creole
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is used here as it is Edward’s native mother tongue, the context in which he is
speaking is informal and displays familiarity as he is talking within his
homeland.
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Similarly, another dialectical variation utilised is American Standard
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English. This is depicted when Edward says, “What’s cooking, Joe” while using
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his best American accent. American Standard English is used because of the
particular context which is an American Army Camp as well as the receiver being
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an American. Edward attempts to code switch to American Standard to

impress the soldier to whom he is conversing. However, it is not his native tongue
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and may be seen as a form of Erudite English.

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Additionally, Caribbean Standard English is another dialectical variation

used. An example of this is seen when Edward says, “Look at Miguel street.”
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This dialectical variation is used as Edward is talking about a serious subject

matter and decides to code switch from Creole to standard English.
Furthermore, one communicative behaviour displayed is paralanguage
(vocalics). Paralanguage, in particular, tone, often adds dimension and meaning
to words. This is seen when Edward was ranting and said “What they know about
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anything?” In this instance the main character is angry and is expressing his
anguish and frustration through his vocalics, specifically, tone.
Moreover, another communicative behaviour utilised is artefacts. An
artefact is any object used to communicate something about someone. This
communicative behaviour is illustrated in the extract when it was said, ‘his design
didn’t even win a consolation prize.’ This portrayed and communicated to Edward
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that his paintings or designs were not of any good quality and therefore didn’t
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deserve a prize.
Continuing along, body language is another communicative behaviour
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deployed. This is often used to portray certain attitudes and feelings. Body
language is displayed when it was said, “he began swaggering along.” This
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depicts Edward’s pride through his body movement and posture as he then
boasts about his relationship with the Americans.
In addition, one way Edward’s contempt for his homeland can be
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dramatized in a video presentation is through his vocalics and an amplified tone.
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The video can display Edward’s tone as he says “I was stupid to send in
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anything…” This is a perfect way to portray Edward’s anger and contempt as it

shows his real attitude and feelings towards his homeland. Likewise, another way
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his contempt can be shown is through his facial expression as he expresses his
anger. His facial expression would masterfully highlight his true feelings and
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emotions in a video in line 4. Thirdly, his hand gesture can also portray his
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contempt in a video. This can be portrayed as he says, “Look at Miguel street,”

as he points which effectively shows his disgust. Lastly, rolling of the eyes is
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another way Edwards’s contempt can be shown. This would be a clear example
as he says, “What they know about anything?” while simultaneously rolling his
eyes to show
disdain for his homeland.
In conclusion, the dialectical variations and communicative behaviours
utilised as well as the ways in which his contempt for his homeland can be
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dramatized in a video were all essential elements in achieving the writer’s quest
to achieve his purpose.
MODULE 3 - SPEAKING AND WRITING

(generally 300 words)
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It can’t be emphasized enough - be sure to focus on the requirements of a
question.
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● You will be given a scenario. In response to this you will be asked to write
either a PROPOSAL(most common), CAMPAIGN STRATEGY, SPEECH
OR LETTER
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● Whatever the format your response requires, it MUST have an
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Introduction, Body and Conclusion.
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The Three Rhetorical APPEALS:

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When writing and delivering a speech, one must employ one of the following
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appeals in order to persuade their audience.

1. LOGOS (Logic): Logos is convincing another person of your point of view
by presenting supporting evidence for your argument.
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2. ETHOS (Ethics): Ethos is the appeal to the authority and reputation of the
speaker or writer. Ethos is an appeal through the character of the writer
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that says you are competent in the area of discussion. Ethos - Ethics.
3. PATHOS (Emotion): Pathos is the appeal to the emotions. Identify the
emotion you want your listener/reader to experience as they respond e.g.
fear, admiration, guilt, relief, remorse etc.
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Audience, Purpose and Context:

When planning a speech, proposal or campaign, the writer must carefully
consider the audience of address, purpose to be achieved and the background or
context of the issue/audience.
Audience: Who do you intend to reach with your speech, proposal or campaign?
Who are you writing this speech, proposal or campaign for? Who will you
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address in your speech, proposal or campaign? Give careful consideration to the
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age, social status, economical, political and religious background of your
audience.
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Purpose: What results do you hope this speech, proposal or campaign will
achieve?
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Context: What is the historical / social background or context of the issue and/
audience? You may also need to consider the physical context where the
speech, proposal or campaign might be delivered e.g. church, school yard or
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town hall.
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Persuasive Techniques:
To convince your listeners/ readers, you must employ several persuasive
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techniques:
a. Direct Address h. Facts
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b. Imagery i. Biblical references / analogy

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c. Careful and deliberate word choice j. Group of three

d. Positive, inclusive language k. Personal Address
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e. Rhetorical questions l. Quotations

f. Repetition m. Opinions
g. Real examples/ personalizing
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BODY PARAGRAPHS:
You may be asked to identify key aspects of the event/proposal that do not
require the use of PEE.
ALWAYS address each aspect of the question in separate paragraphs.
E.g You may be asked to identify a slogan or a theme for the event (Body
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paragraph 1). Be sure to link this to your target audience and purpose.
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Next you may be asked to identify a time table for activities planned (Body
Paragraph 2).
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Sometimes your response may require your use of the PEE strategy.
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For e.g. You may be asked to explain how Three different types of appeals may
be used to reach a target audience (Body paragraph 1).
Next you may need to give Three promotional strategies for your event (Body
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paragraph 2).
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You may also be asked to talk about registers/dialectal variation (Body Paragraph
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3 and 4).
NB. Be very brief as your word limit overall may be 300 words.
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P.E.E. based on question asked...the following is based on a proposal /campaign

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essay
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- Point: Identify the strategy (topic sentence)

- Example: Give an example of the strategy you identified that is directly linked
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to your named audience.

- Explain how this strategy would help you achieve whatever the question has
asked you to achieve. NB. Remember to make reference to an appeal (Logos,
Pathos, Ethos or Bandwagon) where necessary.
Mark scheme:
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Content - 10 marks
Organisation - 7 marks
Expression - 8 marks
Question:
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3. Read the scenario below and answer the questions that follow.
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The prefect body at your school has decided to organize a campaign promoting a healthy
lifestyle among the school community. As a student of the Communication Studies class,
you have been asked to develop a proposal for presentation to the principal.
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In an essay of no more that 500 words, present
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(i) Your proposal, including such items as theme, timetable of events, personnel to be
involved and benefits to the school
(ii) Justification for at least THREE specific strategies to be used to promote campaign.
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Total 25 marks
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Model Essay
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In today’s environment of fast pace and much distractions, persons battle with
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many health issues which invariably comes down to this question, “To be healthy or not
to be healthy?’ The prefect body of my school has recognised this issue and has
decided that the entire school community should embark on what we call “The New You
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is the Healthy You” campaign. As the one with the responsibility of developing the
proposal that will be presented to the principal we have decided on a holistic approach
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to this healthy lifestyle. A month long campaign is our plan if there is to have any life
time or life changing effect on the population of our school community which include
the students of upper and lower school, the male and female teachers, the
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administrators, the auxiliary staff and the interested parents..

Our theme “The New You is the Healthy You” promotes the idea that any
individual (young or old) must make a conscious choice to be healthy. The premier
event to begin this month of events geared towards the school community making
healthy lifestyle choices is the lecture seminar conducted by three of our past pupils
who agreed to spend that day with their alma mater. Attendees will be grouped in terms
of age, so in essence we are having 3 lectures seminars happening concurrently at
different locations around the school. Each lecture will be half hour long (taking into
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consideration attention span) and thus following will be half hour question and answer
session. A break where participants may mix and mingle will be given at this point. After
the break there will be an hour group session where the participants will devote the
time to putting their creative skills together to put together a 10 minute presentation
when the three groups come together at the end of the day. Each group must present
on the topic of the morning lecture.
The second event scheduled will be a Food Fair where again the school
community will be privy to practical ways to embrace the healthy lifestyle that will
create the “New you”. Parents will be invited to set up booths where all foods will be
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given as samples. Foods made from organic stuff will also be for sample. Healthy
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fruit and vegetable smoothies, raw foods, salads from vegetables and fruits, local
fruit chows and much more will be available. This day will end with a Zumba Work
out with our resident Zumba teacher, Miss Kathy.
The third event will be a Walkathon through the community. Getting permission
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from the relevant authorities such as the Police and getting an ambulance on stand
–by is easy as we have asked the parents who work in these places to do that part
of the preparation for us. Because it is a school day the students will be asked to
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wear their physical education House uniform. This Walkathon will also allow this
idea of “The New You is the Healthy You “to be spread to the wider community.
Concomitantly with the events are the strategies that would eventually lead to the
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success of this month long healthy lifestyle campaign. Firstly we propose to use
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make and use fliers to appeal to the section of the school community who would
seek logic and reason as to why it’s imperative that they make healthy life choices.
On theses fliers we will put enough but not too much statistics from credible sources
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in the field of healthy eating and lifestyle choices. The fliers will also be used to give
the dates and times of events of the campaign.
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Furthermore, for the tech-savvy population of the school we propose to reach

them via our website and Facebook event page. Again the pertinent information
such as dates and times and topics and special events pertaining to the theme of
the month campaign will be posted. The Facebook page and website will also be
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used to collect suggestions on how to better this campaign if it were to be held as

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an annual event.
Additionally, The school environment will not be left out; we propose to put up a
large banner to the front of the school encouraging all to participate. In each
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classroom we will have artistic students create posters about the event or about
specific event. Throughout the month so as to ensure that interest is kept at the
maximum, prizes via daily competitions will be given away.
In closing, we know that this can be a success if each group within the school
community such as the students, teachers, auxiliary staff, administration and
interested stakeholders are specifically targeted. “The New You is the Healthy You”
is a great way of ensuring that persons make informed choices about their lifestyle.
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UPCOMING CSEC CRASH COURSES
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UPCOMING CAPE CRASH COURSES
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- STAY CALM - YOU GOT THIS
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- GET AT LEAST 7 HOURS REST

- DO NOT CRAM
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- SAY A PRAYER
- JUST DO YOUR BEST
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THREE ESSAYS IN 2 hours & 30 minutes

9:00-9:45 - Module 1 (45 mins)

Last 25 mins, complete unfinished questions &

MODULE 1 ESSAY - GATHERING AND

You will be given an extract from an article, speech,

Your essay must include:

2.State the writer’s purpose

3.Identify organisational strategies and how they

4.Identify language techniques and how they help

to achieve the writer’s purpose

STRUCTURE OF THE M1 ESSAY

educate/raise awareness, argue, convince, entertain, persuade, question,

Next step: Identify the NUMBER of organizational strategies and language

E - Effectiveness in achieving purpose

P.E.E.E. for Tone/Validity/Reliability

- Explain it’s usage

CONCLUSION: (approx. 3 lines)

accomplished - e.g. that language techniques, organizational strategies and

be very informative and persuasive as it provides in depth analysis of a

Comparison and contrast – used in writing to show the evaluation of

Use of simple listing – listing of events/things to make the writer’s point.

Illustrations – an interpretation of a fact or even an action that displays or

Chronological layout – arrangement of sentences and ideas in sequence or in

sequence of events in any given situation.

Paragraphing – the use of either short or long paragraphs to display

views/presenting information on the topic. It could also be written in short

Use of sources/expert advice – use of credible and reliable sources of

point is also stated in the first paragraph.

Advantages and Disadvantages

Tone – the writer’s attitude to what (s)he is writing or presenting. It is

Language – can be comical, sarcastic, language to demean others, language to

accepted worldwide and therefore, it will facilitate understanding by many.

through imagery. In most cases, descriptive language is predominantly visually

appealing which helps to generate different moods in the audience.

because it has only three campuses: Cave Hill in Barbados, St Augustine in

In addition, there is the University College of the Caribbean which in 2005

regular face-to-face instruction.

Adapted from “A campus open to more”,

“work ready” graduates.

“A campus open to more,” is a newspaper article written by the Jamaica Gleaner

planning to launch an online "fourth campus" to increase accessibility and produce

state the writer’s purpose, discuss 3 organizational strategies and 3 language

techniques as well as the tone of the extract.

purpose by using various organisational strategies, language techniques and

important for UWI to open an online campus to improve its accessibility.

person of “Professor E. Nigel Harris, Vice Chancellor of UWI, on Monday

announced …” This is effective because readers tend to believe the opinions of

and work ready graduates.

Similarly, the use of examples of the competing institutions that UWI is up

against is another organisational strategy used. For example “the Northern

accessibility achieving the writer’s purpose.

Moreover the writer uses personal pronouns to include the audience as it

help thinking though…”

opportunities remains to be seen”. This is effective because it makes the word

made by the University in the future.

In conclusion the writer uses many organisational strategies, language technique

MODULE 2 - LANGUAGE AND COMMUNITY