“Totalitas dan Sepenuh Hati“

Persiapan Lulus Soal

PTN 2023 Soal Pengantar
ING - 07 20 Soal
“ Totalitas Dan Sepenuh Hati”
 “Lead U To Be Num ber One” 
This text is for question number 1-6.
Today, bicycles are elegantly simple machines that are common around the world. Many people
ride bicycles for recreation, whereas others use them as a means of transportation. The first bicycle,
called a draisienne, was invented in Germany in 1818 by Baron Karl de Drais de Sauerbrun. Because
it was made of wood, the draisienne wasn’t very durable nor did it have pedals. Riders moved it by
pushing their feet against the ground.
In 1839, Kirkpatrick Macmillan, a Scottish blacksmith, invented a much better bicycle. Macmillan’s
machine had tires with iron rims to keep them from getting worn down. He also used foot-operated
cranks, similar to pedals, so his bicycle could be ridden at a quick pace. It didn’t look much like the
modern bicycle, though, because its back wheel was substantially larger than its front wheel.
Although Macmillan’s bicycles could be ridden easily, they were never pro- duced in large numbers.
In 1861, Frenchman Pierre Michaux and his brother Ernest invented a bicycle with an improved
crank mechanism. They called their bicycle a vélocipède, but most people called it a “bone shaker”
because of the jarring effect of the wood and iron frame. Despite the unflattering nickname, the
vélocipède was a hit. After a few years, the Michaux family was making hundreds of the machines
annually, mostly for fun-seeking young people.
Ten years later, James Starley, an English inventor, made sev- eral innovations that revolutionized
bicycle design. He made the front wheel many times larger than the back wheel, put a gear on
the pedals to make the bicycle more efficient, and lightened the wheels by using wire spokes.
Although this bicycle was much lighter and less tiring to ride, it was still clumsy, extremely top-
heavy, and ridden mostly for entertainment.
It wasn’t until 1874 that the first truly modern bicycle appeared on the scene. Invented by another
Englishman, H. J. Lawson, the safety bicycle would look familiar to today’s cyclists. The safety
bicycle had equal-sized wheels, which made it much less prone to toppling over. Lawson also
attached a chain to the pedals to drive the rear wheel. By 1893, the safety bicycle had been further
improved with air-filled rubber tires, a diamond-shaped frame, and easy brak- ing. With the
improvements provided by Lawson, bicycles became extremely popular and useful for
transportation. Today, they are built, used, and enjoyed all over the world.
1. There is enough information in this passage 3. This passage was most likely written in order
to show that to
(A) several people contributed to the (A) persuade readers to use bicycles for
development of the modern bicycle. transportation.
(B) only a few vélocipèdes built by the (B) describe the problems that bicycle
Michaux family are still in existence. manufacturers encounter.
(C) for most of the nineteenth century, few (C) compare bicycles used for fun with
people rode bicycles just for fun. bicycles used for transportation.
(D) bicycles with wheels of different sizes (D) tell readers a little about the history of
cannot be ridden easily. the bicycle.
(E) the safety bicycle had been further (E) persuade the readers
improved
4. Macmillan added iron rims to the tires of his
2. The first person to use a gear system on bicycle to
bicycles was (A) add weight to the bicycle.
(A) H. J. Lawson. (B) make the tires last longer.
(B) Kirkpatrick Macmillan. (C) make the ride less bumpy.
(C) Pierre Michaux. (D) make the ride less tiring.
(D) James Starley. (E) make the price raise
(E) Not stated
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5. Read the following sentence from the fourth
paragraph:
Ten years later, James Starley, an English
inventor, made several innovations that
revolutionized bicycle design.
As it is used in the sentence, the underlined
word revolutionized most nearly means
(A) cancelled.
(B) changed drastically.
(C) became outdated.
(D) exercised control over.
(E) improved well
“Totalitas dan Sepenuh Hati“
6. Which of the following statements from the
passage represents the writer’s opinion?
(A) The safety bicycle would look familiar to
today’s cyclists.
(B) Two hundred years ago, bicycles didn’t
even exist.
(C) The Michaux brothers called their bicycle
a vélocipède.
(D) Macmillan’s machine had tires with iron
rims.
(E) No one

This text is for question number 7-11

The walnut tree produces wood that is used for countless purposes, and is considered the finest
wood in the world. The wood is easy to work with, yet it is very hard and durable—and when it
is polished, it produces a rich, dark luster. It also shrinks and swells less than any other wood,
which makes it especially desirable for fine furniture, flooring, and even gun stocks.
In fact, just about every part of the walnut is unusually hard and strong. The nut of the tree is encased
inside a very hard shell, which itself is enclosed in a leathery outer covering called a husk. It requires
real effort to break through those layers to get at the tasty meat inside.
Yet every part of the walnut is useful to people. The outer husk produces a dark reddish stain that
is hard to remove from the hands of the person who opens the nut, and this pigment is widely
used in dyes and wood stains. The inner shell is used as an abrasive to clean jet engines. And the
meat of the nut is extensively used in cooking, ice cream, flavorings—and just eaten raw.
Walnut trees exude a chemical into the soil near their roots which can be poisonous to some trees
and shrubs. Fruit trees, for example, will not survive if planted too close to a walnut. Many other
plants, such as maple trees or ivy, are not affected by the walnut’s presence, and are well-suited to
grow in its vicinity.

7. What is the topic of this passage? 10. The author of the passage probably believes
(A) the use of walnut wood in furniture that
(B) walnut trees (A) walnut trees are endangered.
(C) where to plant walnuts (B) people should recycle more
(D) trees of North America C) people should grow walnut trees if
(E) the benefits of Walnut possible.
(D) maple trees are not good for furniture
8. What is the main idea of the passage? making.
(A) Trees are used for many things. (E) Walnut has no usage.
(B) Maple trees grow well with walnuts.
(C) Walnuts can kill other trees. 11. As used in the passage, the underlined word
(D) Walnut trees are valuable when planted exude most nearly means
correctly. (A) give off.
(E) The harm of Walnut (B) naked.
(C) smell bad.
9. As used in the passage, the underlined word (D) leave the area.
abrasive most nearly means (E) detest
(A) rough.
(B) disagreeable.
(C) soft.
(D) fragrant.
(E) heat.

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 “Totalitas dan Sepenuh Hati“

This text is for question number 12-15

One of the most hazardous conditions a firefighter will ever encoun- ter is a backdraft (also
known as a smoke explosion). A backdraft can occur in the hot-smoldering phase of a fire when
burning is incom- plete and there is not enough oxygen to sustain the fire. Unburned carbon
particles and other flammable products, combined with the intense heat, may cause instantaneous
combustion if more oxygen reaches the fire.

Firefighters should be aware of the conditions that indicate the possibility for a backdraft to occur.
When there is a lack of oxygen dur- ing a fire, the smoke becomes filled with carbon dioxide or
carbon mon- oxide and turns dense gray or black. Other warning signs of a potential backdraft are
little or no visible flame, excessive heat, smoke leaving the building in puffs, muffled sounds, and
smoke-stained windows.

Proper ventilation will make a backdraft less likely. Opening a room or building at the highest
point allows heated gases and smoke to be released gradually. However, suddenly breaking a
window or opening a door is a mistake, because it allows oxygen to rush in, caus- ing an explosion.

12. A backdraft is a dangerous condition for
firefighters mainly because
(A) there is not enough oxygen for breathing.
(B) the heat is extremely intense.
(C) the smoke is dangerously thick.
(D) an explosion occurs.
(E) Proper ventilation will make a backdraft
less likely
13. Which of the following is not mentioned as
a potential backdraft warning sign?
(A) windows stained with smoke
(B) flames shooting up from the building
(C) puffs of smoke leaving the building
(D) more intense heat than usual
(E) All
14. To prevent the possibility of a backdraft, a
firefighter should
(A) carry an oxygen tank.
(B) open a door to allow gases to escape.
(C) make an opening at the top of the
building.
(D) break a window to release carbon
particles.
(E) Not stated
15. When compared with a hot, smoldering fire,
a fire with visible, high-reaching flames
(A) has more oxygen available for
combustion.
(B) has more carbon dioxide available for
consumption.
(C) produces more dense gray smoke.
(D) is more likely to cause a backdraft.
(E) all

This text for question number 16-20

The human body can tolerate only a small range of temperature, especially when the person is
engaged in vigorous activity. Heat reactions usually occur when large amounts of water and/or
salt are lost through excessive sweating following strenuous exercise. When the body becomes
overheated and cannot eliminate this excess heat, heat exhaustion and heat stroke are possible.
Heat exhaustion is generally characterized by clammy skin, fatigue, nausea, dizziness, profuse
perspiration, and sometimes faint- ing, resulting from an inadequate intake of water and the loss
of flu- ids. First aid treatment for this condition includes having the victim lie down, raising the feet
8 to 12 inches, applying cool, wet cloths to the skin, and giving the victim sips of salt water (1
teaspoon per glass, half a glass every 15 minutes) over a 1-hour period.
Heat stroke is much more serious; it is an immediate life-threatening situation. The characteristics
of heat stroke are a high body temperature (which may reach 106° F or more); a rapid pulse; hot,
dry skin; and a blocked sweating mechanism. Victims of this condi tion may be unconscious, and
first-aid measures should be directed at quickly cooling the body. They should be placed in a tub
of cold water or repeatedly sponged with cool water until his or her temperature is sufficiently
lowered. Fans or air conditioners will also help with the cooling process. Care should be taken,
however, not to over-chill the victim once the temperature is below 102° F.

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 “Totalitas dan Sepenuh Hati“

16. The most immediate concern of a person
tending to a victim of heat stroke should
be to
(A) get salt into the victim’s body.
(B) raise the victim’s feet.
(C) lower the victim’s pulse.
(D) lower the victim’s temperature.
(E) not sated
19. Symptoms such as nausea and dizziness in
a heat exhaustion victim indicate that the
person most likely needs to
(A) be immediately taken to a hospital.
(B) be given more salt water.
(C) be immersed in a tub of water.
(D) sweat more.
(E) drink hot water

17. Which of the following is a symptom of heat 20. The word ‘They’ in the last paragraph refers
exhaustion? to ...
(A) unconsciousness (A) Heat stroke
(B) profuse sweating (B) life-threatening situations
(C) hot, dry skin (C) Victims
(D) a weak pulse (D) Fans
(E) Motion sickness (E) Air conditioners

18. Heat stroke is more serious than heat

exhaustion because heat stroke victims
(A) do not sweat.
(B) have no salt in their bodies.
(C) cannot take in water.
(D) have frequent fainting spells.
(E) feel freezing

Bekerja keras tanpa ilmu sama

saja kosong, Punya ilmu tapi
tidak bisa menggunakannya itu
juga sama saja bohong,
TIDAK PUNYA ILMU

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