Community Engagement Reviewer

Continuity Community members share and rotate roles and they facilitate a transition process to
sustain and maintain community memory.

Commitment Mutual benefit beyond self- interest. Participants are transparent about what they want
from the community and what they can and will contribute for the good of the community in return.

Capability Community members are capable of dialogue. Participants are not just observers but
active players as well.

Conscience Members are guided by principles and ethics in practicing community engagement.
Trust and respect in the actions of the community.

Collaboration Members work independently toward their vision in an environment where there is
sharing and trust.

Contribution Members volunteer. Members are encouraged to take responsibilities and risks.

Community Action A collective action by a community for the purposes of arresting a crisis, addressing
a challenge, solving problems, or accomplishing a specificoutcome.

Community Development -“Capacity of the people to work together to address their common
interests”. As a process, it requires an integrative approach to systematically assess the problem,
capacitate the community and solve the problem.(Maser, 1997)
Solidarity The “sense” of unity or feeling of agreement among individuals with a common interest.
Citizenship This is the relationship between a citizen and his/her political community.
It confers to an individual some form of status with rights and duties.
Issues A subject matter that community members debate on or discuss.
Community Engagement The process of working collaboratively with and through groups of people
affiliated by geographic proximity, special interest, or similar situations to address issues affecting the
well -being of those people.
Community Problems It require interventions for community action and development in order to
achieve the desired quality of life.
Partnership Building Refers to linking and strengthening the shared interests of sectors to accomplish
common goals and objectives for mutual benefits.
Natural Rights The right to life liberty and pursuit of happiness are examples of the most basic kind of
human rights. They are_____.
Social and Economic Rights It is the humanization of laws and the equalization of social and economic
forces by the state.
Social Justice When the pursuit of individual rights becomes detrimental to the right of others, there
ought to be punishment. This is referred to _____.
Participatory DevelopmentThis kind of development aims to directly involve local communities in
development projects.
Social Movement PerspectiveThis kind of development perspective is characterized by the progressive
actions of communities in fighting injustices and inequalities in the distribution of political and economic
powers.
Institutional Perspective This development perspective defines participatory development as the
gathering of inputs by various parties from conceptualization to concretization.
Social Equity It is the increase in the participation by the marginalized sectors of the community.
Gender Equality It is the measurable equal representation of women and men.
Advocacy This aims to ensure that people have the right set of skills and opportunities they need to live
better and dignified lives.
Passive Participation In this model, participation is at the minimum; stakeholders are merely
informed about the plans and progress of the projects.
Participation by Consultation The decision -making power remains in the hands of external parties who
ultimately, are not obliged to actually use the stakeholders’ input.
Participation by Collaboration Stakeholders with predetermined goals participate during discussion,
analysis, and decision-making stages.
Community Dynamics It is the process of change and development in communities.
Delivery Aside from Planning and design, what other community actions are involved in greater
engagement of local citizens in local services?
Building Community Helping the community to share knowledge, skills and ideas.
Creating wealth Helping people into employment or developing community enterprises.
Indicators of Community Engagement:Social trust,Effective partnership,Cooperation,Functional
coalitions
Social Science A group of people having ethnic or cultural or religious characteristics in common
perspective.
Grassroots Level A social group of any size whose members reside in a specific locality, share
government, and often have a common cultural and historical heritage is a/an
Civil Society A shared set of values, from which everything about the society emanates.
Legal Community The body of individuals qualified to practice law in a particular jurisdiction.
Community of scholars The body of individuals holding advanced academic degrees
Group of people the most fundamental element of community
Definite locality Majority community are settled and has a strong bond of unity and solidarity derived
from the fact that they live within a specific area.
Similarity Community lives within a definite locality they lead a common life and share some common
ends. There is similarity in language, culture, customs, and traditions and in many other
things.
Organized social life The community is a society in miniature form.
Size of Community The village is an example of a community whereas a nation or even the world is an
example of a bigger community
Community sentiments This refers to a strong feeling of awe (pagkamangha) among the members or a
feeling of belonging together.
Different Perspectives:

A social science perspective can be employed to learn how a community deals with problems and crises.

A sociological lens may be used to gather insights how members of the community work as a collective
to address the effects of disaster to life and livelihood

Pol.science draws attention on the interactive political processes between societal forces and
government agencies in preparing and responding to disasters

Anthropology offer insights on how disaster management agencies can effectively communicate
disaster preparedness and response strategies to community members.

Economics- Managing scarce resources

History- The story of the community

Civil Society Perspective:

Civil society refers to a political community of organized groups operating within the authoritative
parameters of the state. Civil society has also been referred to as the third sector distinct from the state
(government) and the market (business)
Non – government Organizations (NGOs) and People’s Organizations (PO’s) and Social Organizations
(SO’s) are common examples of civil society.

These organizations actively pursue political and social development goals through a variety of actions
and strategies.

Voluntary nature of membership: fundamental characteristics

‘voice not a vote’ (Edwards, 2000)

Examples: Galing Pook Foundation Inc., World Vision Foundation Inc., Tuloy Foundation,The Partido
Manggagawa, Rotary Club and the Philippine Alliance for Human Rights Advocates

Institutional Perspective:

Social institutions performs a function of coordinating values, goals and actions of its individual
members. Social Institutions arise from a voluntary shared agreements among individuals that generally
shape their behavior as a collective.

Institutions Rules of the game” that shape a community and society in general. Nobel Laureate -
Douglas North

Category of Institutions:

Formal are explicitly communicated, embodied in a legally codified documents or artifacts. Serve as the
basis for authority to be executed and oppressed (Laws and policies that are implemented by the
government agency)

Informal are practices and norms, traditions, culture, conduct and beliefs system of a community. Not
codified or written, but are embedded in communities.

The other types in her list are attempts to unbundle the non-ideological groups, such as

- TANGOs (traditional NGOs)

- FUNDANGO (funding agency NGOs)

- MUNGOs (mutant NGOs that, according to the author, mutated the

original spirit of NGO and which include

- GRINGOs [government run/initiated NGOs]

- BONGOs [business organized NGOs]

- COME NGOs [NGOs that exist purely to capture funding])

(Constantino-David 1997).

Organic Perspective:

An organic perspective refers to local or grassroots groups within a particular locale that are driven and
organized because of community issues and concerns.

Generally conceptualized as the formation of neighborhood organizations, rural and urban, convened to
pursue local development goals or address particular issues, such as crime prevention, environmental
protection or waste management.
Grassroots organizations or movements are typically composed of volunteers from the local/community
level.

Example: Lowering the incidence of petty crimes may be accomplished by organizing citizen patrol
groups and installing security features in the community.

Elements focuses on how community is shaped

Community Dynamics and Processes
Power Structure:
Formal power structure from the legal authoritative basis of elected and appointed government officials
and the leaders of civic organizations
Informal power structure exists alongside the formal-institutional power structure
Critical actors:
Legal – authoritative decision makers are individuals whose authority is based on formal rules and
institutions.
Legal authoritative decision makers: Mayors, council members & Barangay Captains
Influencers are individuals or groups who do not have direct authority, but are capable of shaping
decisions that affect the community. They can propose, pressure and effect decisions made by the
decision makers according to their interests and agenda
Typologies of Community
Formal - Informal emphasizes leadership and power relations in the community.
Local – global typology focuses on the scope and breadth of communities with respect to its
geographical dimensions and the reach of its dimensions.
The rural – urban typology is based on the distinction in terms of development, industrialization,
ecological conditions and lifestyle
Community sector is a broad set of comm. –based organizations that voluntarily and autonomously
function beyond a government and state.

Prepared by:

Roderick F. Marcial, LPT, MAT

ComEng Teacher