CRIMES COMMITTED

BY PUBLIC OFFICERS
 ARTICLE 203, RPC – PUBLIC
OFFICERS
To be a public officer, one must be:
1. Taking part in the performance of public functions in the Government, or
performing in said Government or in any of its branches public duties as an
employee, agent or subordinate official, of any rank or class; and
2. That his authority to take part in the performance of public functions or to
perform public duties must be:
a. By direct provision of the law;
b. By popular election; or
c. By appointment by competent authority.
 “public officer” defined under RA 3019
1. Elective and appointive officials and employees;
2. Permanent or temporary;
3. Whether in the classified or unclassified; or
4. Exemption service receiving compensation, even nominal, from the
government.
 MALFEASANCE AND MISFEASANCE
IN OFFICE
Three forms of breach of oath or duty
MISFEASANCE MALFEASANCE NONFEASANCE
Improper Performance of Omission of some
performance of some act which act which ought to
some act which ought not to be be performed
might be lawfully done
done
 Crimes of misfeasance
1. Knowingly rendering unjust judgment (Art 204);
2. Rendering judgment through negligence (Art 205);
3. Rendering unjust interlocutory order (Art 206);
4. Malicious delay in the administration of justice. (Art 207)
 Crimes of malfeasance
1. Direct bribery (Art 210)
2. Indirect bribery (Art 211)
 Crime of nonfeasance
1. Dereliction of duty in the prosecution of offenses (Art 208)
 ART. 204, RPC – KNOWINGLY
RENDERING UNJUST JUDGMENT
Elements:
1. Offender is a judge;
2. He renders a judgment in a case submitted to him for decision;
3. Judgment is unjust; and
4. The judge knows that his judgment is unjust.
 Judgment
It is the final consideration and determination of a court of competent
jurisdiction upon the matters submitted to it, in an action or proceeding, must
be:
1. Written in the official language;
2. Personally and directly prepared by the judge and signed by him; and
3. Shall contain clearly and distinctly a statement of the facts and the law
upon which it is based.
 Unjust judgment
One which is contrary to law or is not supported by the evidence or both.

Sources of an unjust judgment

1. Error;
2. Ill-will or revenge; or
3. Bribery
ART. 205, RPC – JUDGMENT RENDERED
THROUGH NEGLIGENCE
Elements:
1. Offender is a judge;
2. He renders a judgment in a case submitted to him for decision;
3. Judgment is manifestly unjust; and
4. It is done to his inexcusable negligence or ignorance.
 Manifestly unjust judgment
A judgment which cannot be explained with reasonable interpretation or is a
clear and notorious violation of a legal precept. It must be patently contrary to
law if rendered due to ignorance or inexcusable negligence.
 ART. 206, RPC – UNJUST
INTERLOCUTORY ORDER
Interlocutory Order
An order which is used by the court between the commencement and the end
of a suit or action, and which decides some point of matter, but which,
however, is not a final decision of the matter in issue.
Elements
1. Offender is a judge; and
2. He performs any of the following acts:
 ART. 206, RPC – UNJUST
INTERLOCUTORY ORDER
a. Knowingly renders an unjust interlocutory order or decree; or
b. Renders a manifestly unjust interlocutory order or decree through
inexcusable negligence or ignorance.
ART. 207, RPC – MALICIOUS DELAY IN
THE ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE
Elements
1. Offender is a judge;
2. There is a proceeding in his court;
3. He delays the administration of justice; and
4. The delay is malicious, that is, the delay is caused by the judge with
deliberate intent to inflict damage on either party in the case.
 ART. 210, RPC – DIRECT BRIBERY
Bribery is committed when a public officer receives a gift, present, offer or
promise, by reason or in connection with the performance of his official duties.
Bribery requires the concurrence of the will of the corruptor and the public
officer, otherwise the crime is not consummated.
Bribery exists when:
1. The gift is offered voluntarily by a private person; or
2. The gift is solicited by a public officer.
 Elements
1. Offender is a public officer within the scope of Art. 203;
2. Offender accepts an offer or promise or receives a gift or present by
himself or through another;
3. Such offer or promise be accepted, or gift or present received by the public
officer;
4. That the act which the offender agrees to perform or which he executes be
connected with the performance of his official duties.
 Question.
Suppose the public official accepted the consideration and turned it over to his
superior as evidence of corruption, what is the crime committed?
 Answer.
The offense is attempted corruption only and not frustrated. The official did
not agree to be corrupted.
 Question.
Supposed a law enforcer extorts money from a person, employing intimidation
and threatening to arrest the latter, if he will not come across with money, what
crime is committed?
 Answer.
If the victim actually committed a crime and the policeman demanded money
so he will not be arrested, the crime is bribery. But if no crime has been
committed and the policeman is falsely charging him of having committed one,
or threatening to arrest him if he will not come across with some
consideration, the crime is robbery.
 Direct bribery vis-à-vis Prevaricacion
DIRECT BRIBERY PREVARICACION
The officer refrained from doing No gift was promised or received in
something which was his official duty consideration for refraining to
to do so in consideration of a gift, prosecute offenses.
promise or received.
 ART. 211, RPC – INDIRECT BRIBERY

Indirect bribery
It is the crime of any public officer who shall accept gifts offered to him by
reason of his office.

If the public officer does not accept the gifts, this crime is not committed but
the offeror is guilty of Corruption of Public Officials under Art. 212.
 Elements
1. Offender is a public officer;
2. He accepts gifts; and
3. Said gifts are offered to him by reason of his office.
Direct bribery vis-à-vis Indirect bribery
DIRECT BRIBERY INDIRECT BRIBERY
Public officer receives gift
There is an agreement between the There is no agreement between the
public officer and the corruptor. public officer and the corruptor.
The public officer is called upon to The public officer is not necessarily
perform or refrain from performing called upon to perform any official act.
an official act. It is enough that he accepts the gifts
offered to him by reason of his office.
 ART. 211-A, RPC – QUALIFIED
BRIBERY
Elements
1. Offender is a public officer entrusted with law enforcement;
2. He refrains from arresting or prosecuting an offender who has committed a
crime punishable by reclusion perpetua and/or death; and
3. He refrains from arresting or prosecuting the offender in consideration of
any promise, gift or present.
 ART. 212, RPC – CORRUPTION OF
PUBLIC OFFICIALS
Elements
1. The offender makes offers, or promise, or gives gifts or presents to a public
officer; and
2. The offers or promises are made, or the gifts or presents are given to a
public officer under circumstances that will make the public officer liable
for direct bribery or indirect bribery.
 Crime committed when a public officer
refuses to be corrupted.
• The crime committed is attempted corruption of public official only.
 Crime committed when a public official actually
accepted a consideration and allowed himself to be
corrupted.
• The corruptor becomes liable for consummated corruption of public
official. The public officer also becomes liable for consummated bribery.
 Frauds and Illegal
Exactions and Transactions
 Malversation of Public Funds or Property.
• Crimes called malversation of funds or property:
1. Malversation b y appropriating, misappropriating or permitting any other person
to take public funds or property (Art. 217);
2. Failure of an accountable public officer to render accounts (Art. 218);
3. Failure of a responsible public officer to render accounts before leaving the
country (Art. 219)
4. Illegal use of public funds or property. (Art. 220)
5. Failure to make delivery of public funds or property. (Art. 221)
 Malversation vis-à-vis Estafa
Basis Malversation Estafa
As to persons liable Committed by an accountable Committed by a private person or
public officer even a public officer who acts in a
private capacity
As to property involved Deals with public funds or Deals with private property
property
As to its commission May be committed without Committed by personal
personal misappropriation, as misappropriation only
when the accountable officer
allows another to misappropriate
the same
Crimes against Persons
 Art. 246, RPC – Parricide
• That a person is killed;
• That the deceased is killed by the accused; and
• That the deceased is the:
a) Legitimate/illegitimate father;
b) Legitimate/illegitimate mother;
c) Legitimate/illegitimate child;
d) Other legitimate ascendant;
e) Other legitimate descendant or
f) Legitimate spouse.
 Essential element of parricide
• The relationship of the offender with the victim must be:
1. Legitimate, except in the case of parent and child;
2. In the direct line; and
3. By blood, except in the case of a legitimate spouse.
 Q: Elias killed Susana. He was charged with parricide. During the trial, no
marriage contract was presented. Is the non-presentation of the marriage
contract fatal to the prosecution of the accused for parricide?

• No. There is a presumption that persons living together as husband and wife
are married to each other. The mere fact that no record of the marriage
exists in the registry of marriage does not invalidate said marriage, as long as
in the celebration thereof and all the requisites for its validity are present.
The maxim SEMPER PRAESUMITUR
MATRIMONIO and the presumption “that a man
and a woman deporting themselves as husband and
wife have entered into a lawful contract of
marriage”
 Q: if a person killed another not knowing that the latter
was his son, will he be guilty of parricide.

A: YES. The law does not require knowledge of

relationship between them.
 Q: if a person wanted to kill another but by
mistake killed his own father, will he be guilty
of parricide?
• A: YES. The law does not require knowledge of
relationship between them but Art. 49 will apply with
regard the proper penalty to be imposed, which is the
penalty for the lesser offense in its maximum period.
 Q: Suppose X killed his brother. What is the
crime committed?
• A: Murder, because brothers are not part of those
enumerated under Art. 246. their relation is in the
collateral line and not as ascendants or descendants of
each other.
 Q: suppose a husband, who wanted to kill his sick wife,
hired a killer. The hired killer shot the wife. What are the
crimes committed?
• A: the husband is liable for parricide as principal by
inducement. The hired killer is liable for murder. The
personal relationship of the husband to wife cannot be
transferred to a stranger.
Q: Suppose A, an adopted child of B, killed the
latter’s parents. Will A be liable for parricide?
• A: NO. An adopted child is considered as a legitimate
child BUT since the relationship is exclusive between the
adopter and the adopted, killing the parents of the
adopter is not considered as parricide of other legitimate
ascendants.
 Age of the child.

• The child killed by his parent must be at least three days

old. If the child is less than three days old, the crime is
infanticide, which is punishable under Art. 255.
 Parricide vis-à-vis Infanticide
Basis Parricide
As to basis Its basis is the relationship
between the offender and the
victim
As to commission It can be committed only by the
relatives enumerated
As to application of conspiracy Conspiracy cannot be applied
because the relationship of the
offender and the victim is an
essential element.
Infanticide
The basis is the age of the child-
victim
Infanticide may be committed by
any person whether relative or
not of the victim
Conspiracy is applicable because
the circumstance of age pertains
to the victim.
 Art. 247, RPC – Death OR Physical Injuries
inflicted under Exceptional Circumstances
Requisites
1. A legally married person or a parent surprises his spouse or daughter, the
latter under 18 years of age and living with him, in the act of committing
sexual intercourse;
2. He or she kills any or both of them any serious physical injury in the act or
immediately thereafter; and
3. He has not promoted or facilitated the prostitution of his wife or daughter,
or that he or she has not consented to the infidelity of the other spouse.
 Q: Pedro, a policeman, had slight fever and decided to go
home early. However, e was shocked and enraged when,
after opening the door of his bedroom, he saw his brother,
Julius completely naked, having sexual intercourse with his
wife, Cleopatra. Pedro shot and killed Julius. Cleopatra fled
from the bedroom but Pedro ran after her and shot and
killed her. IS PEDRO CRIMINALLY LIABLE FOR THE
DEATH OF JULIUS AND CLEOPATRA?
A: YES. Under Art. 247 of the RPC, Pedro will
be penalized by destierro for killing both Julius
and Cleopatra. He is also civilly liable. However,
if what was inflicted was only less serious or
slight physical injuries, there is no criminal
liability.
 Stages contemplated under Art. 247
• When the offender surprised the other spouse with a paramour or mistress
in the act of committing sexual intercourse.
(surprise means to come upon suddenly or unexpectedly)
• When the offender kills or inflicts serious physical injury upon the other
spouse and paramour while the act of intercourse, or immediately thereafter,
that is, after surprising.
“Immediately thereafter” means that the discovery, escape, pursuit and the killing
must all form part of one continuous act.
 Parent need not be legitimate
• The law does not distinguish. It is not necessary that the parent be
legitimate.
Non-applicability of this article if the daughter
is married
• This article applies only when the daughter is single because while
under 18 years old and single, she is under parental authority. If
she is married, her husband alone can claim the benefits of Art.
247.
 Q: When third persons are injured in the course of the
firing at the paramour, will the offending spouse be free
from criminal liability?
• A: NO. Inflicting death or physical injuries under exceptional
circumstances is not murder. The offender cannot therefore be
held liable for frustrated murder for the serious injuries suffered
by third persons.
• It does not mean, however, that the offender is totally free from
any responsibility. The offender can be held liable for serious
physical injuries through simple imprudence or negligence.
 Art. 248, RPC – Murder
Elements for murder
1. That a person was killed;
2. That the accused killed him;
3. That the killing was attended by any of the qualifying circumstances
mentioned in Art. 248; and
4. That the killing is not parricide or infanticide.
 Murder

• The unlawful killing of any person which is not parricide

or infanticide, provided that any of the following
circumstances is present:
1. With treachery, taking advantage of superior strength, with the
aid of armed men, or employing means to weaken the defense, or
of means or persons to insure or afford impunity.

• If committed “by a band”, it is still murder because of the

circumstance of “with the aid of armed men.”
2. In consideration of a price, reward or promise.

• If this aggravating circumstance is present in the commission of

the crime, it affects not only the person who received the money
or reward but also the person who gave it.
 3. By means of inundation, fire, poison, explosion,
shipwreck, stranding of a vessel, derailment or assault upon
a street car or locomotive, fall of an airship, by means of
motor vehicles, or with the use of any other means
involving great waste and ruin.
• If the primordial criminal intent is to kill, and fire was
only used as a means to do so, it is murder.
• If the primordial intent is to destroy the property
through fire and incidentally somebody died, it is arson.
 4. On occasion of any of the calamities enumerated in the
preceding paragraph, or of an earthquake, eruption of a volcano,
destructive cyclone, epidemic or other public calamity.

• The offender must take advantage of the calamity to qualify the

crime to murder.
 5. With evident premeditation.
Requisites of evident premeditation.
1. Time when the accused decided to commit the crime;
2. Overt act manifestly indicating that he clung to the determination;
3. A sufficient lapse of time between the decision and execution, allowing
the accused to reflect upon the consequences of his act.
6. With cruelty, by deliberately and inhumanly augmenting
the suffering of the victim, or outraging or scoffing at his
person or corpse.
• Outraging means any physical act to commit an extremely vicious
or deeply insulting act while scoffing is any verbal act implying a
showing of irreverence.
 Art. 249, RPC – Homicide
Unlawful killing of any person, which is neither parricide, murder, nor infanticide.
Elements:
1. That the person was killed;
2. That the accused killed him without any justifying circumstance;
3. That the accused had intention to kill which is presumed; and
4. The killing was not attended by any of the qualifying circumstances of murder, or
by that of parricide or infanticide.
 Proving intent to kill
1. The means used by malefactors
2. The nature, location and number of wounds sustained by the victim
3. The conduct of the malefactors before, at the time of, or immediately after the
killing of the victim
4. The circumstances under which the crime was committed
5. The motive of the accused
6. Words uttered at the time of inflicting the injuries on the victim may also be
considered.
Art. 251, RPC – Death caused in a Tumultuous
Affray
• Tumultuous affray – means a commotion in a tumultuous and
confused manner, to such an extent that it would not be possible
to identify who the killer is if death results, or who inflicted the
serious physical injuries, but the person or persons who used
violence are known.
• Exists when at least four persons took part therein.
 Elements:
1. There be several or at least 4 persons;
2. That they did not compose groups organized for the common purpose of
assaulting and attacking each other reciprocally, otherwise, they may be held
liable as co-conspirators;
3. That these several persons quarreled and assaulted one another in a
confused and tumultuous manner;
4. Someone was killed in the course of the affray; (note: the person killed in
the course of the affray need not be one of the participants in the affray.
He could be a mere passerby.)
5. It cannot be ascertained who actually killed the deceased. (note: if the one
who inflicted the fatal wound is known, the crime is not tumultuous affray.
It is a case of homicide.)
6. The person or persons who inflicted serious physical injuries or who used
violence can be identified.
 Art. 252, RPC – Physical Injuries Inflicted in
Tumultuous Affray
• Elements:
1. There is a tumultuous affray as referred to in the preceding article;
2. A participant or some participants thereof suffer serious physical injuries or
less serious physical injuries;
3. Person responsible thereof cannot be identified; and
4. All those who appear to have used violence upon the person or to have
used violence upon the person of the offended party are known.
 Art. 253, RPC – Giving assistance to suicide

• Punishable acts:
1. Assisting another to commit suicide, whether the suicide is consummated
or not; and
2. Lending assistance to another to commit suicide to the extent of doing the
killing himself.
 Art. 254, RPC – Discharge of firearm
• Elements
1. Offender discharges a firearm against another person; and
2. Offender has no intention to kill the person
 Art. 255, RPC – Infanticide

• It is the killing of any child less than 3 days old or 72

hours of age, whether the killer is the parent or
grandparent, any relative of the child, or a stranger.
 Art. 256, RPC – Intentional Abortion
• Abortion – the willful killing of the fetus in the uterus, or the violent expulsion of
the fetus from the maternal womb that results in the death of the fetus.
The crime of intentional abortion is committed in three ways:
1. By using any violence upon the person of the pregnant woman;
2. By administering drugs or beverages upon such pregnant woman without her
consent; or
3. By administering drugs or beverages with the consent of the pregnant woman
 Elements:
1. There is a pregnant woman;
2. Violence is exerted, or drugs or beverages administered, or that the
accused otherwise acts upon such pregnant woman;
3. As a result of the use of violence or drugs or beverages upon her, or any
other act of the accused, the fetus dies, either in the womb or after having
been expelled therefrom; and
4. Abortion is intended.
 Note:
In intentional abortion, the offender should know that the woman is
pregnant because the very intention is to cause an abortion.
 Persons liable for intentional abortion:
1. The person who actually caused the abortion under Art. 256;
and
2. The pregnant woman if she consented under Art. 258.
 Abortion vis-à-vis Infanticide
Basis Abortion
As to the victim The victim is not viable but
remains to be a fetus
As to the entitlement of Only the pregnant woman is
mitigating circumstances entitled to mitigation if the
purpose is to conceal dishonor
Infanticide
The victim is already a person
less than 3 days old or 72 hours
and is viable or capable of living
separately from the mother’s
womb.
Both the mother and maternal
grandparents of the child are
entitled to the mitigating
circumstance of concealing the
dishonor.
 Q: suppose the mother as a consequence of abortion
suffers death or physical injuries, what crime is committed?

A: the crime is complex crime of murder or physical

injuries with abortion.
Q: if despite the employment of sufficient means to
effect abortion, the fetus that is expelled from the
maternal womb is viable but unable to sustain life
outside the maternal womb, what crime was
committed?
A: the crime is frustrated abortion because abortion
is consummated only if the fetus does inside the
womb.
Note: But if the expelled fetus could sustain life
outside the mother’s womb, the crime is already
infanticide.
 Art. 257, RPC – Unintentional Abortion
Elements:
1. There is a pregnant woman;
2. Violence is used upon such pregnant woman without intending an
abortion; violence is intentionally exerted; and
3. As a result of the violence exerted, the fetus dies either in the womb or
after having been expelled therefrom.
 Illustration:
Unintentional abortion requires physical violence inflicted deliberately
and voluntarily by a third person upon the person of the pregnant
woman. Hence, if A pointed a gun at a pregnant lade, who became so
frightened, causing her abortion, he is not liable for unintentional
abortion, as there was no violence exerted. If he intended the abortion
however, the crime committed is intentional abortion.
The force or violence must come from another. Mere intimidation is not
enough unless the degree of intimidation already approximates violence.
Q: is the crime of unintentional abortion committed
if the pregnant woman aborted because of
intimidation?

A: NO. The crime committed is not unintentional abortion

because there is no violence. The crime committed is light
threats.
Q: what is the criminal liability, if any, of a pregnant
woman who tried to commit suicide by poison, but she did
not die and the fetus in her womb was expelled instead?
A: the woman who tried to commit suicide incurs no criminal
liability for the result no intended. In order to incur criminal liability
for the result not intended, one must be committing a felony, and
suicide is not a felony. Unintentional abortion is not committed
since it is punishable only when caused by violence and not by
poison. There is also no intentional abortion since the intention of
the woman was to commit suicide and not to abort the fetus.
 Art. 258, RPC – Abortion Practiced by the
woman herself or by her parents
Elements:
1. There is a pregnant woman who has suffered abortion;
2. Abortion is intended; and
3. Abortion is caused by:
a. The pregnant woman herself;
b. Any other person, with her consent; or
c. Any of her parents, with her consent for the purpose of concealing her dishonor.
 Art. 259, RPC – Abortion practiced by physician or
midwife and dispensing or abortives
Elements of this crime as to the physician or midwife:
1. There is a pregnant woman who has suffered abortion;
2. Abortion is intended; (note: if abortion was not intended or was a result of a
mistake, no crime is committed. If the woman is not really pregnant, an
impossible crime is committed)
3. The offender must be a physician or midwife who causes or assists in causing the
abortion; and
4. Said physician or midwife takes advantage of his or her scientific knowledge or
skill.
 Therapeutic Abortion

• It is an abortion caused by a physician to save the life of a

mother. The physician is not criminally liable.
 Elements of this crime as to the
pharmacists:
1. Offender is a pharmacist;
2. There is no proper prescription from a physician; and
3. Offender dispenses an abortive.
 Note:
• As to the pharmacist, the crime is consummated by dispensing an
abortive without proper prescription from a physician. It is not
necessary that the abortive is actually used.
• If the pharmacist knew that the abortive would be used to cause
an abortion and abortion resulted from the use thereof, the
pharmacist would be an accomplice in the crime of abortion.
Q: suppose the abortion was performed by a physician without
medical necessity to warrant such abortion and the woman or her
husband had consented. Is the physician liable for abortion under
Art. 259?
A: YES. The consent of the woman or her husband
is not enough to justify abortion.
 Art. 260, RPC – Responsibility of Participants
in a Duel
• Duel – it is a formal or regular combat previously consented
between two parties in the presence of two or more seconds of
lawful age on each side, who make the selection of arms and fix
all the other conditions of the fight to settle some antecedent
quarrels.
 Punishable Acts:
1. Killing one’s adversary in a duel;
2. Inflicting upon each adversary physical injuries; and
3. Making a combat although no physical injuries have been inflicted.
 Illustration:
• If the accused and the deceased, after a verbal heated argument in the bar,
left the place at the same time and pursuant to their agreement, went to the
plaza to fight each other to death with knives which they bought on the way,
there is no crime of duel because there was no seconds who fixed the
conditions of the fight in a more or less formal manner. If one is killed, the
crime committed is homicide.
 Persons liable:
• The person who killed or inflicted physical injuries upon his
adversary, or both combatants will be liable as principals;
• Seconds will be liable as accomplices.
 Seconds

• Those persons who make the selection of the arms and

fix the other conditions of the fight.
 Art. 261, RPC – Challenge to a duel
Punishable Acts
1. Challenging another to a duel;
2. Inciting another to give or accept a challenge to a duel; and
3. Scoffing at or decrying another publicly for having refused to
accept a challenge to fight a duel.
Note: the punishable act is to challenge to a duel, not challenge to a
fight, because if it is the latter, the crime would be light threats
under Art. 285.

Persons Liable in this Crime

The challenger and the instigators.
Physical Injuries
 Art. 262, RPC – Mutilation
Mutilation – it is the lopping or the clipping off some parts of the body which are not
susceptible to growth again.
Kinds of mutilation
1. Intentionally mutilating another by depriving him, either totally or partially, of some
essential organ for reproduction.
Elements:
a. There must be a castration, which is mutilation of organs necessary for generation, such as
the penis or ovarium; and
b. The mutilation is caused purposely and deliberately, which is to deprive the offended party
of some essential organ for reproduction.
2. Intentionally depriving the victim of the reproductive organ does not mean
necessarily the cutting off of the organ or any part thereof. It suffices that
it is rendered useless.
3. Intentionally making other mutilation, that is by lopping or clipping off any
part of the offended party, other than the essential organ for reproduction,
to deprive him of that part of his body.
• Note: in the first kind of mutilation, the castration must be made,
purposely. Otherwise, it will be considered as mutilation of the
second kind.
 Intention in mutilation
• Mutilation must always be intentional. Thus, it cannot be
committed through criminal negligence.
• There must be no intent to kill otherwise; the offense is attempted
or frustrated homicide or murder, as the case may be.
 Art. 263, RPC – Serious Physical Injuries
How the crime of serious physical injuries is committed:
1. Wounding;
2. Beating;
3. Assaulting;
4. Administering injurious substance
 Instances considered as the crime of
serious physical injuries
1. When the injured person becomes insane, imbecile, impotent, or blind in
consequence of the physical injuries inflicted.
Impotence includes inability to copulate and sterility.
Blindness requires loss of vision of both eyes. Mere weakness in vision is
not contemplated.
2. When the injured person:
a. Loses the use of speech or the power to hear or to smell, or loses an eye, a
hand, a foot, an arm or a leg; or
b. Loses the use of any such member; or
c. Becomes incapacitated for the work in which he was habitually engaged in
as a consequence of the physical injuries inflicted.
Note: Loss of hearing must involve both ears. Otherwise,
it will be considered as serious physical injuries under par.
3. Loss of the power to hear in the right ear is merely
considered as loss of use of some other part of the body.
3. When the injured:
a. Becomes deformed;
b. Loses any other member of his body;
c. Loses the use thereof; or
d. Becomes ill or incapacitated for the performance of the work in which he
was habitually engaged in for more than 90 days
4. When the injured person becomes ill or incapacitated for labor for more
than 30 days (but not be more than 90 days), as a result of the physical
injuries inflicted.
When the category of the offense of serious physical injuries depends on the
period of the illness or incapacity for labor, there must be evidence of the
length of that period. Otherwise, the offense will be considered as slight
physical injuries.
Q: if the offender repeatedly uttered “I will kill you” but he
only keeps on boxing the offended party and injuries
resulted, what is the crime committed?
A: The crime is only physical injuries not attempted
or frustrated homicide.
 Determination of intent to kill

• Intent to kill must be manifested by overt acts. It cannot

be manifested by oral threats.
 Requisites of deformity
• Physical ugliness
• Permanent and definite abnormality; and
• Conspicuous and visible.
 Art. 265, RPC – Less Serious Physical Injuries

Elements:
1. Offended party is incapacitated for labor for 10 days or more (but not more
than 30 days), or shall require medical attendance for the same period of
time; and
2. Physical injuries must not be those described in the preceding articles.
 Art. 266, RPC – Slight Physical Injuries and
Maltreatment
Kinds of slight physical injuries and maltreatment
1. Physical injuries which incapacitated the offended party for labor from 1-9
days, or required medical attendance during the same period;
2. Physical injuries which did not prevent the offended party from engaging in
his habitual work or which did not require medical attendance; or
3. Ill-treatment of another by deed without causing any injury.
• Note: Slapping the offended party is a form of ill-
treatment which is a form of slight physical injuries.
Q: A disagreement ensued between Cindy and Carina which led to a
slapping incident. Cindy gave twin slaps on Carina’s beautiful face.
What is the crime committed by Cindy?
A:
a. Slander by deed – if the slapping was done to cast dishonor to the person
slapped.
b. Slight physical injuries by ill-treatment – if the slapping was done
without the intention of casting dishonor, or to humiliate or embarrass the
offended party out of a quarrel or anger
Exam Coverage: Art. 203 – Art. 266

• Date of Exam – April 19