MEMORIAL UNIVERSITY OF NEWFOUNDLAND

DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS AND STATISTICS

Final Examination MATH 1000 Fall 2015

COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING CAREFULLY AND CLEARLY:

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M.U.N. Number:

Instructor’s Name:

PLEASE NOTE:
MARKS

14 1.
This exam has TWELVE pages, including this
one.
9 2.

8 3.
The questions are to be answered in the spaces
provided.
13 4.

6 5.
Under no circumstances may the candidate take
this exam from the examination room.
6 6.

6 7.
On no account are pages to be torn or removed
from this exam, unless specifically directed.
16 8.
Candidates must not have in their possession
6 9.
books, notes or papers of any kind, unless specif-
ically directed.
9 10.

7 11.
No electronic devices of any kind, including cell
phones and MP3 players, are permitted at your
desk. Calculators are NOT permitted.
100 Total

FOR INSTRUCTOR’S USE ONLY

FINAL TERM TOTAL FINAL

55% 45% 100% MARK GRADE
 –2–

Marks

1. Find each of the following limits, if they exist. If they do not exist, but
approach ±∞, indicate this. Do NOT use l’Hôpital’s rule.
x2 − 9 (x − 3)(x + 3) x − 3 −6
[3] (a) lim = lim = lim = =3
x→−3 x2 + 4x + 3 x→−3 (x + 3)(x + 1) x→−3 x + 1 −2
√ √
4x − 8 4x − 8 x+7+3 4(x − 2)( x + 7 + 3)
[3] (b) lim √ = lim √ ·√ = lim =
x→2 x + 7 −√3 x→2 x + 7 − 3 √ x + 7 + 3 x→2 (x + 7) − 9
4(x − 2)( x + 7 + 3) 4( x + 7 + 3) 4(6)
lim = lim = = 24
x→2 x−2 x→2 1 1
sin2 (3x) 3 · 3 · 4 · x sin(3x) sin(3x) 4x 3·3 9
[4] (c) lim · = lim · · · = 1·1·1· =
x→0 x sin(4x) 3 · 3 · 4 · x x→0 3x 3x sin(4x) 4 4
9
4
x2 − 4x − 4 x2 − 4x − 4
[4] (d) lim 2 = lim
x→3 x − 6x + 9 x→3 (x − 3)2
We consider one-sided limits.
x2 − 4x − 4 −7
lim+ = = −∞
x→3 (x − 3)2 (0+ )2
x2 − 4x − 4 −7
lim− = = −∞
x→3 (x − 3)2 (0− )2
x2 − 4x − 4
Thus, lim 2 = −∞.
x→3 x − 6x + 9
 –3–

2. (a) Let
1


 if x ≤ 2,
f (x) = x − 1
x2 − 9
if x > 2.


x2 − 5x + 6
[3] (i) Either prove that f (x) is continuous at x = 2 or classify the type of
discontinuity, with justification.
For f (x) to be continuous, lim f (x) must exist. We first consider the
x→2
function from the right.
x2 − 9 x2 − 9 −5
lim+ f (x) = lim+ 2 = lim+ = + =∞
x→2 x→2 x − 5x + 6 x→2 (x − 2)(x − 3) (0 )(−1)
Thus, lim f (x) does not exist, and hence there is a discontinuity at
x→2
x = 2. Further, since lim+ f (x) = ∞, this is an infinite discontinuity.
x→2
[4] (ii) Find and classify discontinuities of f (x) at any points other than x = 2.
Since f (x) is a rational function on either side of x = 2, it is continuous
everywhere it is defined. Thus, we need only consider the points x = 1
and x = 3.
x = 1: Certainly, f (1) is undefined, and hence there is a discontinuity
at x = 1.
1 1
lim+ f (x) = lim+ = + =∞
x→1 x→1 x − 1 0
Thus, there is an infinite discontinuity at x = 1.
x = 3: Certainly, f (3) is undefined, and hence there is a discontinuity
at x = 3.
x2 − 9 (x − 3)(x + 3) x+3 6
lim f (x) = lim 2 = lim = lim = =
x→3 x→3 x − 5x + 6 x→3 (x − 2)(x − 3) x→3 x − 2 1
6
Thus, there is a removable discontinuity at x = 3.
[2] (b) If a function g(x) has a removable discontinuity at x = a, does it follow
that g(a) does not exist? Explain.

x if x 6= 2,
No. For example, consider the function f (x) = This
7 if x = 2.
function has a removable discontinuity at x = 2, but f (2) = 7, and
certainly exists.
 –4–

5x
[6] 3. (a) Use the limit definition of derivative to differentiate f (x) = .
x−2

f (x + h) − f (x)
f 0 (x) = lim
h→0 h
5(x+h)
5x
− x−2
x+h−2
= lim
h→0 h
 
5x + 5h 5x 1
= lim −
h→0 x + h − 2 x−2 h
(5x + 5h)(x − 2) − 5x(x + h − 2)
= lim
h→0 h(x + h − 2)(x − 2)
5x2 + 5hx − 10x − 10h − 5x2 − 5hx + 10x
= lim
h→0 h(x + h − 2)(x − 2)
−10h
= lim
h→0 h(x + h − 2)(x − 2)

−10
= lim
h→0 (x + h − 2)(x − 2)

10
= −
(x − 2)2
5x
[2] (b) Find the derivative of f (x) = using the Quotient Rule.
x−2
5(x − 2) − 1(5x) 5x − 10 − 5x 10
f 0 (x) = = = −
(x − 2)2 (x − 2)2 (x − 2)2
 –5–

4. Find the derivative for each of the following functions. Make any obvious
simplifications.
[4] (a) y = sinh (7x) cot(ex )
dy
= cosh(7x) · 7 · cot(ex ) + − csc2 (ex ) · ex · sinh(7x) = 7 cosh(7x) cot(ex ) −
dx
ex csc2 (ex ) sinh(7x)
!
x3 5
e (2 − x) x3
[4] (b) y = ln x
= ln(e ) + ln((2 − x)5 ) − ln(3x ) = x3 + 5 ln(2 − x) −
3
x ln(3)
 
dy 2 1 5
= 3x + 5 (−1) − ln(3) = 3x2 − − ln(3)
dx 2−x 2−x
[5] (c) y = xln(x)

ln(y) = ln(xln(x) )
= ln(x) ln(x)
= (ln(x))2
1 dy 1
· = 2 ln(x) ·
y dx x
2 ln(x)
=
x
dy 2 ln(x)
= y·
dx x
2 ln(x)
= xln(x) ·
x
= 2xln(x)−1 ln(x)
 –6–

2 2 00d2 y 1
[6] 5. Use implicit differentiation to show that if x +3y = 9, then y = 2 = − 3 .
dx y

x2 + 3y 2 = 9
dy
2x + 3(2y) = 0
dx
dy
2x + 6y = 0
dx
dy
6y = −2x
dx
dy −2x x
= =−
dx 6y 3y

dy
d2 y 1(3y) − 3 dx (x)
= −
dx2 (3y)2
dy
3y − 3x dx
= −
9y 2
dy
y − x dx
= −
3y 2
 
x
y − x − 3y
= −
3y 2
x2
y+ 3y
= −
3y 2
3y 2 + x2
= −
9y 3
9
= − 3
9y
1
= − 3
y
 –7–

6. Let f (x) = cos(arctan(x)).

[3] (a) Find f 0 (x).
1 sin(arctan(x))
f 0 (x) = − sin(arctan(x)) · = −
1 + x2 1 + x2
[3] (b) Find the equation of the tangent line to f (x) at the point x = 1.
√
π 2 √
0 sin(arctan(1)) sin( )
We know that m = f (1) = − 1+(1)2 = − 2 = − 2 = − 42 .
4 2
Also,
√
f (1) = cos(arctan(1)) = cos( 4 ) = 22 . Then, since y = mx + b:
π

√ √
2 2
= − (1) + b
2 4
√ √
2 2
+ = b
2 4
√
3 2
= b
4
√ √
2 3 2
Thus, the tangent line is y = − 4 x + 4 .

[6] 7. A perfectly spherical snowball is melting. The surface area of the snowball
is decreasing at a rate of 3 cm2 per minute. At what rate is the radius of
the snowball changing when the surface area is 36π cm2 ? (Recall that the
surface area of a sphere, S, with radius r is S = 4πr2 .)
Let S be the surface area of the snowball, and r be the radius of the snowball.
We know that S = 36π, and hence that 36π = 4πr2 , or r2 = 9, and hence
dS
that r = 3. We know that = −3.
dt
S = 4πr2
dS dr
= 4π · 2r
dt dt
1 dS dr
=
8πr dt dt
1 dr
(−3) =
8π(3) dt
1 dr
− =
8π dt
1
The radius is decreasing at a rate of 8π cm per minute.
 –8–

x + 18 18(2 − x) 36(x + 3)(x − 6)

[16] 8. Let f (x) = √ , with f 0 (x) = 3 and f 00
(x) = .
x2 + 36 (x2 + 36) 2 (x 2 + 36) 52
√
It
√ may be useful to
√ know that f (−18) = 0, f (−3) = 5, f (0) = 3, f (2) =
10, and f (6) = 2 2.
(a) Find the vertical asymptotes of f (x), if they exist. Find the right- and
left-hand limits on either side of the asymptotes.
The function f (x) has no vertical asymptotes.
(b) Find the horizontal asymptotes of f (x), if they exist. Clearly indicate the
limits you use to find them.
1
x + 18 x 1 + 18
x 1 + 18 1+0
lim √ · 1 = lim √ q = lim q x = √ = 1.
x→∞ x2 + 36 x x→∞ x2 + 36 · 1 x→∞
1+ 36 1 + 0
x2 x2

x + 18 x1 1 + 18
x 1 + 18 1+0
lim √ · 1 = lim √ q = lim − q x = − √ =
x→−∞ x2 + 36 x x→−∞ x2 + 36 · − 12 x→−∞
1+ 236 1 + 0
x x
−1.
Thus, there are horizontal asymptotes at y = 1 and y = −1.
(c) Find the local extrema of f (x), and indicate on which intervals f (x) is
increasing or decreasing.
The derivative will be 0 when 18(2 − x) = 0, or when x = 2. (Certainly
f 0 (x) will never be undefined.) Thus, there is a single critical point at
x = 2.
fʹ(x) + -

f(x) 2
Thus, f (x) is increasing on (−∞, 2) and decreasing
√ on (2, ∞). There is a
local maximum at the point (2, f (2)) = (2, 10).
 –9–

(d) Find the inflection points of f (x), and indicate on which intervals f (x) is
concave up or down.
The second derivative will be 0 when 36(x + 3)(x − 6) = 0, or when either
x = −3 or x = 6. (The second derivative will never be undefined.) Thus
the possible inflection points are x = −3 and x = 6.

fʹʹ(x) + - +

f(x) -3 6
Thus f (x) is concave up on (−∞, −3) ∪ (6, ∞) and concave down √ on
(−3, 6). Thus, there
√ are inflection points at (−3, f (−3)) = (−3, 5) and
(6, f (6)) = (6, 2 2).
(e) Use the information from parts (a)-(d) to sketch f (x), labelling appropri-
ate points.

√
(2, 10)
√
(6, 2 2)

√
(−3, 5)
 –10–

[6] 9. A glassmaker wishes to blow a small cylindrical drinking glass with a volume
of 125π cm3 . Find the radius and height (in cm) to minimize the amount of
glass needed in this construction; that is, to minimize the surface area.

2p r

r r

Let r be the radius of the glass, h be the height of the glass, and S be the
surface area of the glass.
We recognize that we are interested in the surface area of a cylinder with
one end closed. Thus, S = πr2 + 2πrh. We also have the constraint that
125π 125
125π = πr2 h, and hence that h = = . Then:
πr2 r2
S = πr2 + 2πrh
 
125
= πr2 + 2πr
r2
250π
= πr2 +
r
250π
S 0 (r) = 2πr − 2
r
3
2πr − 250π
=
r2
2π(r3 − 125)
=
r2

We have critical points when S 0 (r) is 0 or undefined. The former occurs when
r3 − 125 = 0, or when r3 = 125, and hence when r = 5. The function S 0 (r)
is undefined when r2 = 0, or when r = 0.

Sʹ(r) - +

S(r) 0 5
Thus, we see that there is an absolute minimum at r = 5, and hence when
h = 125
52 = 5. Thus, the dimensions that minimize the surface area are a
radius of 5 cm and a height of 5 cm.
 –11–

10. Use l’Hôpital’s rule to find the following limits.

ex
[4] (a) lim 2
x→∞ x + 3x + 4

ex H ex
lim = lim
x→∞ x2 + 3x + 4 x→∞ 2x + 3

H ex
= lim
x→∞ 2
= ∞
 2x
7
[5] (b) lim 1 +
x→∞ x
We see this limit is of the form 1∞ .
 2x !  
7 7
lim ln 1+ = lim 2x ln 1 +
x→∞ x x→∞ x
ln 1 + x7


= lim 1
x→∞
2x
1
− x72


H 1+ x7
= lim 1
x→∞ − (2x) 2 · 2

−7
x2 +7x
= lim
x→∞ − 1 2
2x
14x2
= lim 2
x→∞ x + 7x

H 28x
= lim
x→∞ 2x + 7

H 28
= lim = 14
x→∞ 2

 2x 2x
7
 
ln (1+ x7 )
Then lim 1 + = lim e = e14 .
x→∞ x x→∞
 –12–

[7] 11. Answer only ONE of the following.

(a) Given that f (x) and g(x) are differentiable functions, prove that
(f (x)g(x))0 = f 0 (x)g(x) + g 0 (x)f (x).
Let F (x) = f (x)g(x). Then
(f (x)g(x))0 = F 0 (x)
F (x + h) − F (x)
= lim
h→0 h
f (x + h)g(x + h) − f (x)g(x)
= lim
h→0 h
f (x + h)g(x + h) − f (x)g(x + h) + f (x)g(x + h) − f (x)g(x)
= lim
h→0 h
f (x + h)g(x + h) − f (x)g(x + h) f (x)g(x + h) − f (x)g(x)
= lim +
h→0 h h
   
f (x + h) − f (x) g(x + h) − g(x)
= lim g(x + h) + f (x)
h→0 h h
= f 0 (x)g(x) + g 0 (x)f (x), as required.
(b) Given that the point (0, 5) lies on the curve y = f (x), and has a tangent
line at this point with slope 7, find f (x) if f 00 (x) = 6x + 6.
Since f 00 (x) = 6x + 6, we know that f 0 (x) = 3x2 + 6x + a. Thus, f 0 (0) = 7,
and f 0 (0) = a. Thus, a = 7, and f 0 (x) = 3x2 + 6x + 7.
We also know that f (x) = x3 + 3x2 + 7x + b. Hence f (0) = b, but since
f (0) = 5, b = 5. Thus, f (x) = x3 + 3x2 + 7x + 5.
(c) Use the Intermediate Value Theorem to prove that f (x) = x3 + x2 − 2x − 1
has three roots in the interval [−2, 2].
First, note that f (−2) = −1, f (−1) = 1, f (0) = −1, and f (2) = 7. Also,
we can note that f (x) is a polynomial, and hence continuous everywhere.
Now, f (−2) < 0 < f (−1), and f (x) is continuous on [−2, −1], so by the
the Intermediate Value Theorem, there exists a value c ∈ (−2, −1) such
that f (c) = 0; that is, f (x) has a root between −2 and −1.
Also, f (−1) > 0 > f (0), and f (x) is continuous on [−1, 0], so by the the
Intermediate Value Theorem, there exists a value c ∈ (−1, 0) such that
f (c) = 0; that is, f (x) has a root between −1 and 0.
Finally, f (0) < 0 < f (2), and f (x) is continuous on [0, 2], so by the the
Intermediate Value Theorem, there exists a value c ∈ (0, 2) such that
f (c) = 0; that is, f (x) has a root between 0 and 2.
Since f (x) has at least one root in each of these three distinct intervals,
we know that f (x) has at least three roots in [−2, 2]. Since it is a cubic
polynomial, it has at most three roots; hence there are exactly three in
this interval.

[100]