Theories of Personality

Carl Jung’s Analytical Psychology

Learning Concentration
1. Major Concepts and Biography;
2. Psychic Energy or Libido;
3. The Systems of Personality;
4. Psychological Functions and Psychological Types;
5. Archetypes;
6. Jung’s Developmental Stages;
7. Individuation or Self-Realization;
8. Transcendence;
9. Techniques to Assess Personality and Psychotherapy
10.Life History Re-Construction;
11.Myers-Briggs Type Indicators (MBTI);
12.Theory Evaluation: Criteria of Usefulness; and
13.Theory Evaluation: Concepts of Humanity
 Major Concepts
and Biography

MODULE 1 Carl Jung’s Analytical Psychology

 Carl Gustav Jung
July 26, 1875 – June 6, 1961
Major Concepts and Biography

Disagree in the role of sexuality; redefine libido but

not only limited to sex urges

Personality is shaped by past and future

Major Concepts and Biography

[Unhappy] childhood

• Marked by clergymen – male priest;

• Exposed to death and funerals;
• Neurotic Parents (Mother’s bizarre behavior)
• Bizarre behavior, dreams and visions; (talking to kitchen utensils)
• Wooden doll for companion.
Major Concepts and Biography

He used unconscious world (dreams, visions, fantasies)

to escape and seek solution for problem.

Since he is introvert, the theory focuses on inner growth

rather than relationship
Major Concepts and Biography

He had good relationship with Freud (“I formally

adopted you as eldest son”)

Jung got separated from Freud because he has

his own view of personality
Major Concepts and Biography

Middle age is the most crucial stage of development

and NOT childhood

“Psyche” – term used to describe personality

 Psychic Energy or Libido

MODULE 1 Carl Jung’s Analytical Psychology

•Middle age is the most crucial stage of development and NOT childhood
•“Psyche” – term used to describe personality

Psychic Energy or Libido

1. Opposition Principle

Idea that conflict between opposing processes is

necessary to generate psychic energy.
•Middle age is the most crucial stage of development and NOT childhood
•“Psyche” – term used to describe personality

Psychic Energy or Libido

2. Equivalence Principle

Idea that energy in bringing about some condition is

NOT lost but rather is shifted to another part of the
personality with equal psychic.
•Middle age is the most crucial stage of development and NOT childhood
•“Psyche” – term used to describe personality

Psychic Energy or Libido

2. Principle of Entrophy

Idea that refers to the equalization of energy differences.

 The Systems of Personality

MODULE 1 Carl Jung’s Analytical Psychology

Psychic Energy or Libido

1. Ego

The center of consciousness and the part of the psyche

concerned with perceiving, thinking, feeling and remembering.
Mental Attitudes

1. Extraversion

An attitude of the psyche characterized by an

orientation toward external world and other people.
Mental Attitudes

2. Introversion

An attitude of the psyche characterized by an

orientation toward one’s own thoughts and feelings.
Psychic Energy or Libido

2. Personal Unconscious

The tank of material that was once conscious but has been
forgotten or suppressed.

Complexes – core or pattern of emotions,

memories, perceptions and wishes in the personal
unconscious organized around “common theme”
such as power or status. It originates not only from
childhood but also from ancestral experiences.
Psychic Energy or Libido

3. Collective Unconscious

The deepest level of the psyche containing accumulation

of inherited experiences of human and pre-human species.
 Psychological Functions
and Psychological Types

MODULE 1 Carl Jung’s Analytical Psychology

•Middle age is the most crucial stage of development and NOT childhood
•“Psyche” – term used to describe personality

Psychological Functions

Refer to different and opposing ways of perceiving or

apprehending both the external real world and our
subjective inner world.

“Sensing and Intuiting” non-rational functions and

not used process of reason.

“Thinking and Feeling” rational functions involve

making judgment/evaluations about experiences.
•Middle age is the most crucial stage of development and NOT childhood
•“Psyche” – term used to describe personality

Psychological Types

8 personality types based on interaction of attitudes (extroversion

and introversion) and psychological functions (sensing and
intuiting & thinking and feeling)
 Archetypes

MODULE 1 Carl Jung’s Analytical Psychology

Archetypes

Images of universal and ancient experiences contained in

the collective unconscious.

Also called as “Primordial Images”

Archetypes

1. Personal Archetypes

Is a mask, a public face we wear to present ourselves

as someone different from who we really are.
Archetypes

2. Anima and Animus Archetypes

Explains that humans are essentially bisexual.

Each sex secretes the hormones of the other sex as

well as those of its own sex.
Archetypes

3. Shadow Archetypes

The most powerful archetype and the dark side of personality.

It contains primitive animal instincts.

Behaviors that society considers evil and punishable.

Archetypes

4. Self Archetypes

Represents balancing to enable unity, integration and

harmony of the total personality.
 Jung’s Developmental Stages

MODULE 1 Carl Jung’s Analytical Psychology

•Middle age is the most crucial stage of development and NOT childhood
•“Psyche” – term used to describe personality

Jung’s Developmental Stages

Childhood

Ego development begins when the child distinguishes

between self and others.
•Middle age is the most crucial stage of development and NOT childhood
•“Psyche” – term used to describe personality

Jung’s Developmental Stages

Puberty to Young Adulthood

Adolescents must adapt to the growing demands of reality.

The focus is external, on education, career and family.

The conscious is dominant.

•Middle age is the most crucial stage of development and NOT childhood
•“Psyche” – term used to describe personality

Jung’s Developmental Stages

Middle Age

A period of transition when the focus of the personality

shifts from external to internal in an attempt to balance
the unconscious with the conscious.
 Individuation or Self-Realization

MODULE 1 Carl Jung’s Analytical Psychology

Individuation or Self-Realization

Becoming an individual, fulfilling one’s capacities and

developing one’s self.

The tendency toward individuation is innate and inevitable,

but it will be helped or hindered by environmental forces.
Individuation or Self-Realization

To strive for individuation, the middle-aged person must abandon

the behaviors and values that guided first half of life – conscious
(education, career and family) and confront the second half of
life (inner, subjective world) or unconscious and bringing them to
conscious awareness.
Individuation or Self-Realization

They must listen to their dreams and follow their

fantasies and exercising creative imagination through
writing, painting or other forms of expression.
 Individuation or Self-Realization

They must be guided not by rational thinking that drove them

before, but by the spontaneous flow of unconscious because
ONLY then we can reveal the TRUE SELF.
 Transcendence

MODULE 1 Carl Jung’s Analytical Psychology

•Middle age is the most crucial stage of development and NOT childhood
•“Psyche” – term used to describe personality

Transcendence

An innate tendency toward unity or wholeness in the personality,

uniting all the opposing aspects within the psyche.
 Techniques to Assess Personality
and Psychotherapy

MODULE 1 Carl Jung’s Analytical Psychology

Jungian Psychotherapy

It is a talking therapy but there are various methods of

exploration used throughout the process such as Dream
Analysis, Word Association, Creative Activities.
Jungian Psychotherapy

The approach aims to analyze archetypes in order to better

understand the human self.

Through the process of self-awareness, transformation and

actualization, Jungian therapy helps individuals see what is
out of balance in the psyche.

This is to empower them to consciously make changes that

will help them to become more balanced and whole.
Techniques to Assess Personality

1. Word Association

A projective technique in which a person responds to stimulus

word with whatever word comes to mind.

It was used by Jung to uncover the complexes in his patients.

Techniques to Assess Personality

2. Symptoms Analysis

it is a technique focuses on the symptoms reported by the

patient and attempts to interpret the patient’s free
association to those symptoms.
Techniques to Assess Personality

3. Dream Analysis

Jung believed to Freud that dreams are “Royal Road” to

unconscious.

A technique involving interpretation dreams to uncover

unconscious conflicts.

Instead of interpreting each dream like Freud, Jung made

interpretation of series of dreams over a period of time.
Techniques to Assess Personality

3. Dream Analysis

Jung’s assumption about dreams

First, dreams are prospective – they help us prepare for

experiences or events we anticipate will occur.

Second, dreams are compensatory – they help bring

about a balance between opposites in the psyche.
 Life-History Re-Construction

MODULE 1 Carl Jung’s Analytical Psychology

•Middle age is the most crucial stage of development and NOT childhood
•“Psyche” – term used to describe personality

Transcendence

Jung’s type of case study that involves examining a person’s

past experiences to identify developmental patterns that may
explain present neuroses.
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)

MODULE 1 Carl Jung’s Analytical Psychology

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)

An assessment test based on Jung’s psychological types

and the attitudes of introversion and extraversion.
 Theory Evaluation:
Criteria for Usefulness

MODULE 1 Carl Jung’s Analytical Psychology

•Middle age is the most crucial stage of development and NOT childhood
•“Psyche” – term used to describe personality

Theory Evaluation: Criteria of Usefulness

Criterion Evaluation Rate

1. Generates Research Average
2. Falsifiability Very Low
3. Organizes Data Moderate
4. Guides Action Low
5. Internally Consistent Low
6. Parsimonious Low
 Theory Evaluation:
Concepts of Humanity

MODULE 1 Carl Jung’s Analytical Psychology

•Middle age is the most crucial stage of development and NOT childhood
•“Psyche” – term used to describe personality

Theory Evaluation: Concept of Humanity

Criterion Oriented more on…

1. Determinism V.S. Free Choice Both
2. Pessimism V.S. Optimism Both
3. Causality V.S. Teleology Both
4. Unconscious V.S. Conscious Both
5. Biological V.S. Social Biological
6. Uniqueness V.S. Similarities Similarities