Mechanism of

Amino Acids
Absorption
By Group 2
Team

Nasywa Alya Adelia Siti M. S.

Anindya Nurhaliza Ersanada

Aufa Asyifa Yunni Aura Muna Alya

Fadhillah Ramadhani
 Absorption of amino acids

Protein mainly takes place in the

upper intestine.

Absorption
60% of free amino acids
are absorbed in the small
intestine
28% in the large intestine
or large intestine
12% begin in the stomach.
Step by Stomach
pepsin,pepsinogen,HCL

Step Small Intestine

Protein and amino
acid absorption
Pancreas
Stomach
Digestion of proteins starts in stomach.
When proteins enters the stomach, it stimulates the secretion of gastrin
hormone.
This gastrin have 2 cells, Parietal cell: HCl and Chief cell: Pepsinogen
(zymogen)
The acidic state caused by HCl triggers the formation of the active form of
pepsinogen, namely pepsin.
Pepsin breaks down proteins into large polypeptides. Specifically, pepsin
is more likely to break peptide bonds present in aromatic amino acids
(phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan).
The products are large polypeptides
 Small Intestine and Pancreas

Duodenum is the main place in the process of protein digestion

The pancreas will secrete trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen and procarboxypeptidase
On the surface of the enterocyte there is an enterokinase which will activate
trypsinogen to become trypsin and trypsin will hydrolyze the peptide bond. Trypsin
plays an important role in this whole process
Trypsinogen>trypsin
Chymotrypsinogen>chymotripsin
Procarboxypeptidase>carboxypeptidase
 Small Intestine and Pancreas
Aminopeptidases:
It acts on the terminal peptide
bond at the amino terminal of
the peptide chain.
Dipeptidases:
It acts on dipeptide. It releases
two amino acids.
Tripeptidases:
It act on tripeptide. It releases
single amino acid and dipeptide
Absorption
Small peptide: small peptide through hydrogen
co-transport will enter and be converted into
amino acids by intercellular peptidases.
Dipeptidase: dipeptidase via sodium hydrogen
co-transport. When the hydrogen comes out, the
sodium will go in with the dipeptidase. The
dipeptidases are then converted into amino acids
by the intercellular peptidase enzymes.
Amino acid: an amino acid with sodium
cotransport, so When 1 as. Amino is absorbed,
sodium is also absorbed.
Amino acids will then be sent to the liver via the
bloodstream to be used in carbohydrate
metabolism. Amino acids are used to form
proteins which will help in carbohydrate
metabolism.
Mechanism Carrier Protein
Transport System.

of Amino
Acids Glutathione

Absorption
Transport System
(Glutamyl Cycle).
Carrier Protein
Transport System.

It is the main system for amino

acid absorption.
It is an active process that
needs energy.
The energy needed is derived
from ATP molecule.
There are seven carrier proteins,
one for each group of amino
acids.
Carrier Protein
Transport System.

Each carrier protein has two sides.

One for amino acid and another one for sodium.
It co-transport s amino acids and sodium from
intestinal lumem to cytosol of intestinal
mucosa cells.
The absorbed amino acid passes to the portal
circulation, while sodium is extruded out of the
cell with exchange with potassium (K+) by
Sodum (Na+).
Carrier Protein
Glutathione Transport
Transport System.
System (Glutamyl
Cycle).

It is also known as Glutamyl Cycle.

Glutathione is used to transport amino
acids from intestinal lumen to cytosol of
intestinal mucosa cells.
It is an active process that needs
energy.
The energy needed is derived from ATP.
Absorption of one amino acid molecule
need 3 ATP.
Carrier Protein
Glutathione Transport
Transport System.
System (Glutamyl
Cycle).

Glutathione reacts with amino acid in

the presence of glutacyl.
Glutamyl amino acid releases amino
acid in the cytosol of intestinal mucosa
cell with formation of 5-oxoproline that
is used for regeneration of glutathione
to begin another turn of the cycle.