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Degradation of Protein and Amino Acid From Group 1
Degradation of Protein and Amino Acid From Group 1
Putri Kamilah
(2202101010017) Alya Mardhatillah
(2202101010080)
Hana Khairunnisa Dewi Ann Liberty Opanto
(2202101010076) (2202101010078)
Our Team
Process
Lysosomes use the enzyme
There are two main enzyme systems The proteasome-ubiquitin
acid hydrolases to carry
that play a role in the degradation mechanism that is ATP-
out the non-selective
dependent in the cytosol,
of damaged or unnecessary and the degradative
breakdown of intracellular
proteins ("autophagy") and
proteins: enzymes in lysosomes that
extracellular proteins
are not ATP-dependent.
("heterophagy") such as
Proteasomes selectively plasma proteins that are
decompose damaged or taken up into the cell by
short-lived proteins. the process of endocytosis
Factors In
Protein
Degradation
Factors
Ligase
The final step, E3, is known as the ligase step. A
ligase, such as MurRF1 (muscle-specific RING-
finger protein 1), takes the ubiquitin molecule
from the Ub-E2 intermediate and completes the
pathway by conjugating the ubiquitin to the
target substrate.
Lysosomal Proteolytic
Lysosomal proteolytic is a process of protein degradation which occurs
within lysosomes. Lysosomes are membrane-enclosed organelles that
contain an array of digestive enzymes, including several proteases,
which are responsible for breaking down proteins into smaller peptide
fragments or amino acids. The lysosomal proteolytic pathway plays a
crucial role in maintaining cellular homeostasis by eliminating damaged
or misfolded proteins, degrading internalized proteins from autophagy,
and recycling the resulting breakdown products for cellular processes
such as energy production or protein synthesis.
Microautophagy
Microautophagy is the process where
lysosomes directly engulf cytosolic
components via lysosomal membrane
invagination or protrusion without prior
formation of an autophagosome
Conclusion
From the explanation we can conclude that protein degradation is the breakdown of
residual proteins into peptides or amino acids generally assisted by lysosomal enzymes
and proteasomes, short-lived proteins are degraded by proteasomes, while lysosomes
are responsible for the degradation of long-lived proteins. The ubiquitin-proteasome
system is a pathway for protein degradation that plays a vital role in regulating protein
levels and controlling cellular processes. The degron or degradation signal is divided into
the N-degron and the N-end, which determines the nature of the n-terminal residue. C-
degron is located at the C-terminus of the protein. Autophagy is where long-lived and
aggregated proteins are removed, allowing the use of amino acids as an energy source.
Types of Autophagy are differentiated according to the role of the lysosomes, namely
Macroautophagy, Chaperone-Mediated Autophagy, and Microautophagy.