Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Vocabulary Words
Vocabulary Words
begins
Irrelevant – not important or relating to what is being discussed right now: not relevant
Cynical – believing that people are generally selfish and dishonest: dishonest and selfish in a
way that shows no concern about treating people fairly
Maniac – someone who is violent and mentally ill: a person who behaves in a very wild way: a
person who is extremely enthusiastic about something
Frail – having less than a normal amount of strength or force: very weak: easily damaged or
destroyed
Spewing – to flow of something in a fast and forceful way: to cause (something) to flow out in a
fast and forceful way
Enlightenment – the state of having knowledge or understanding: the act of giving knowledge
or understanding
Tenacious – not easily stopped or pulled apart: firm or strong: continuing for a long time: very
determined to do something
Debunk – to show that something (such as belief or theory) is not true: to show falseness of (a
story, idea, statement etc.)
Stereotype – to believe unfairly that all people or things with a particular characteristic are the
same: generalization
Flourish – to grow healthy, to be healthy: to be very successful: to do very well: to hold up and
show (something) in an excited and proud way
Deceitful – not honest making or trying to make someone believe something that is not true
Stampede – a situating in which a lot of people try to do same thing at the same time
Quirk - an unusual habit or way of behaving: something strange that happens chance
Asylum – protection or security given by the government: a hospital for people who are
mentally ill
Refuge – shelter or protection from danger or trouble
Abide – to accept or bear (someone, something bad or unpleasant, etc.) to remain or continue:
withstand
Dissolute – used to describe someone whose way of living is considered morally wrong
Infirmity – the quality or state of being weak or ill especially because of old age: a disease or
illness that usually lasts for a long time
Facade – the front of the building: the way of behaving or appearing that gives other people a
false idea of your true feelings or emotion
Compulsory – required by a law or rule: having the power of forcing someone to do something
Charlatan – a person who falsely pretends to know or be something in order to deceive people
Creed – a statement of the basic beliefs of a religion: an idea or set of beliefs that guides the
action of a person or group
Rigorous – very strict and demanding: done carefully and with a lot of attention to detail
Scruple – to be unwilling to do something because you think it is improper, morally wrong, etc.
Prevalent - accepted, done, or happening often or over a large area at a particular time:
generally or widely accepted
Suave - behaving in a relaxed, confident, and pleasant way in social situations: smooth
Commence - to begin
Prejudice - an unfair feeling of dislike for a person or group because of race, sex, religion, etc.
Astray - off the right path or route: away from what is right, good, or desirable
Merit - a good quality or feature that deserves to be praised: the quality of being good,
important, or useful: value or worth
Derogate - to insult (someone or something) :to say or suggest that (something or someone) is
not important or worthy of respect
Quinine - a drug that is made from the bark of a tree and used especially to treat malaria
Circumstance - an event or situation that you cannot control: a condition or fact that affects a
situation
Dissension - disagreement that causes the people in a group to argue about something that is
important to them
Intuition - a natural ability or power that makes it possible to know something without any proof
or evidence: a feeling that guides a person to act a certain way without fully understanding why
Scavenge - to search through waste, junk, etc., for something that can be saved or used
Phantom - something that is not real and exists only in a person's mind
Blunt - saying or expressing something in a very direct way that may upset some people
Optimism - a feeling or belief that good things will happen in the future
Hypocrite - a person who claims or pretends to have certain beliefs about what is right but who
behaves in a way that disagrees with those beliefs
Odyssey - a long journey full of adventures
Sneer - to smile or laugh at someone or something with an expression on your face that shows
dislike and a lack of respect
Martyr - a person who is killed or who suffers greatly for a religion, cause, etc.
Treason - the crime of trying to over throw your country's government or of helping your
country's enemies during war
Incompetence - lack of the ability to do something well: the quality or state of not being
competent
Inversely proportional - related so that as one becomes larger the other becomes smaller
Nonchalant - relaxed and calm in a way that shows that you do not care or are not worried
about anything
Nuisance - a person, thing, or situation that is annoying or that causes trouble or problems
Dork -a person who behaves awkwardly around other people and usually has unstylish clothes,
hair, etc.
Cuss - curse
Hesitant - slow to act or speak especially because you are nervous or unsure about what to do:
feeling or showing hesitation
Swamp - to cause (someone or something) to have to deal with a very large amount of things or
people at the same time
Reluctant - feeling or showing doubt about doing something: not willing or eager to do
something
Prototype - an original or first model of something from which other forms are copied or
developed
Nudge - to push (someone) gently with your elbow in order to get that person's attention
Conceited - having or showing too much pride in your own worth or goodness
Vegan - a person who does not eat any food that comes from animals and who often also does
not use animal products (such as leather)
Exuded - sweat
Drawl - to speak slowly with vowel sounds that are longer than usual
Arouse - awaken
Rhetorical - of a question: asked in order to make a statement rather than to get an answer
Ought - obligation
Sated - to end (something, such as hunger or curiosity) by providing everything that is required
or wanted
Hedonism -the belief that pleasure or happiness is the most important goal in life
Gradual - moving or changing in small amounts: happening in a slow way over a long period of
time
Coy - having a shy or sweetly innocent quality that is often intended to be attractive or to get
attention
Self- esteem - a feeling of having respect for yourself and your abilities
Impeach - to charge (a public official) with a crime done while in office: to cause doubts about
the truthfulness of (a witness, testimony, etc.)
Allegory - a story in which the characters and events are symbols that stand for ideas about
human life or for a political or historical situation
Vague - not clear in meaning, stated in a way that is general and not specific
Tolerate - to allow (something that is bad, unpleasant, etc.) to exist, happen, or be done
Ambiguous - able to be understood in more than one way: having more than one possible
meaning
Defiance - a refusal to obey something or someone: the act of defying someone or something
Lure - an appealing or attractive quality: a device used for attracting and catching animals,
birds, or especially fish
Meticulous - very careful about doing something in an extremely accurate and exact way
Frustrate - to cause (someone) to feel angry, discouraged, or upset because of not being able
to do something
Chunky - heavy, thick, and solid: somewhat fat: having a short and strong body
Hypocritical - characterized by behaviour that contradicts what one claims to believe or feel
Engrossed - to hold the complete interest or attention of (someone)
Smug - having or showing the annoying quality of people who feel very pleased or satisfied with
their abilities, achievements, etc.
Torment - extreme physical or mental pain: something that causes extreme physical or mental
pain
Hierarchy - a group that controls an organization and is divided into different levels
Aspire - to want to have or achieve something (such as a particular career or level of success)
Exemplary - extremely good and deserving to be admired and copied: serving as an example
of something
Tacky - somewhat sticky to the touch: not having or exhibiting good taste
Demerit - a mark that is made on the school record of a student who has done something
wrong
Rampant - used to describe something that is very common or that is spreading very quickly
and in a way that is difficult to control
Accomplice - a person who works with or helps someone who is doing something wrong or
illegal
Anonymity - the quality or state of being unknown to most people: the quality or state of being
anonymous
Irrational - not thinking clearly: not able to use reason or good judgment
Upstart - a person who has recently begun an activity, become successful, etc., and who does
not show proper respect for older and more experienced people
Ease - freedom from pain or trouble: comfort of body or mind: lack of difficulty: a relaxed and
informal way of behaving
Awed - amazed
Peripheral - of or relating to the area that is to the side of the area you are looking at
Extraction - the act or process of getting something by pulling it out, forcing it out, etc.: the act
of extracting something
Benevolent - kind and generous: organized to do good things for other people
Generous - freely giving or sharing money and other valuable things: providing more than the
amount that is needed or normal: abundant or ample
Cobbler - a person who makes or repairs shoes: a dessert made of cooked fruit covered with a
thick crust
Emphatic - said or done in a forceful or definite way: speaking or acting in a forceful way
Bereavement - the state of being sad because a family member or friend has recently died
Spiteful - having or showing a desire to harm, anger, or defeat someone: having or showing
spite
Pessimistic - having or showing a lack of hope for the future: expecting bad things to happen
Waver - to go back and forth between choices or opinion: to be uncertain about what you think
about something or someone: to move back and forth in an unsteady way
Condescending - showing that you believe you are more intelligent or better than other people
Inferior - of poor quality: low or lower in quality: of little or less importance or value
Complex - having parts that connect or go together in complicated ways: not easy to
understand or explain: not simple
Scuffle - to fight briefly and usually not very seriously: to move quickly and with short steps
Frugal - careful about spending money or using things when you do not need to : using money
or supplies in a very careful way
Independence - freedom from outside control or support: the state of being independent
Revolt - to fight in a violent way against the rule of a leader or government: to act in a way that
shows that you do not accept the control or influence of someone or something
Hispanic - coming originally from an area where Spanish is spoken and especially from Latin
America: of or relating to Hispanic people
Grace a way of moving that is smooth and attractive and that is not stiff or awkward
Empower - to give power to (someone): to give official authority or legal power to (someone)
Carcass - the body of a dead animal: a person's body: the remaining parts of an old vehicle,
structure, etc.
Propagate - to make (something, such as an idea or belief) known to many people: to produce
(a new plant)
Reactive - done in response to a problem or situation: reacting to problems when they occur
instead of doing something to prevent them
Unsophisticated - not having or showing a lot of experience and knowledge about the world
and about culture, art, literature, etc.
Sophisticated - having or showing a lot of experience and knowledge about the world and
about culture, art, literature, etc.
Petty - minor not very important or serious: relating to things that are not very important or
serious
Defamation - the act of saying false things in order to make people have a bad opinion of
someone or something: the act of defaming someone or something
Gut - relating to or based on emotions: not based on logic or reason: affecting people's
emotions
Regardless - in spite of difficulty, trouble, etc.: without being stopped by difficulty, trouble, etc.
Greasy - covered with grease or oil: dirty from grease or oil: wet and slippery
Sleazy - dishonest or immoral: dirty and in bad condition from being neglected: not decent or
socially respectable
Aggressor - invader, a person or country that attacks another: a person or country that starts a
fight or war
Legacy - something that happened in the past or that comes from someone in the past
Conservation - the careful use of natural resources (such as trees, oil, etc.) to prevent them
from being lost or wasted
Consolation - something that makes a person feel less sadness, disappointment, etc.
Resumption - an act of starting something again after it has stopped, an act of resuming
something
Eager - very excited and interested: feeling a strong and impatient desire to do something or for
something
Chimpanzee - an intelligent animal that is a type of ape and that lives mostly in trees in Africa
Trample - to treat other people's rights, wishes, or feelings as if they are worthless or not
important
Enchantress - a woman who uses spells or magic: a sorceress or witch: a very interesting or
beautiful woman
Enchant - to attract and hold the attention of (someone) by being interesting, pretty, etc.
Modest - not too proud or confident about yourself or your abilities: not showing or feeling great
or excessive pride of clothing : not showing too much of a person's body
Unnerve - to make (someone) feel afraid or upset and unable to think clearly
Negligence - failure to take the care that a responsible person usually takes: lack of normal
care or attention
Obnoxious - unpleasant in a way that makes people feel offended, annoyed, or disgusted
Gullible - easily fooled or cheated; especially: quick to believe something that is not true
Critique - a careful judgment in which you give your opinion about the good and bad parts of
something (such as a piece of writing or a work of art)
Brazen - acting or done in a very open and shocking way without shame or embarrassment
Face palm - to cover one's face with the hand as an expression of embarrassment, dismay, or
exasperation
Resilient - able to become strong, healthy, or successful again after something bad happens
Refugee - someone who has been forced to leave a country because of war or for religious or
political reasons
Diversity - the state of having people who are different races or who have different cultures in a
group or organization
Rigid - not able to be bent easily: not easily changed: not willing to change opinions or
behaviour
Pathetic - causing feelings of sadness and sympathy: very bad, poor, weak, etc.
Spontaneous - done or said in a natural and often sudden way and without a lot of thought or
planning
Minimalist - of, relating to, or following a style in art, literature, or music that is very simple and
uses a small number of colours, parts, materials, etc.
Haughty - having or showing the insulting attitude of people who think that they are better,
smarter, or more important than other people
Opaque - not letting light through: not transparent: difficult to understand or explain
Impurity - an unwanted substance that is found in something else and that prevents it from
being pure
Dike - a bank or mound of earth that is built to control water and especially to protect an area
from flooding
Kindling - dry twigs, pieces of paper, etc., that burn easily and are used to start a fire
Mischief - behaviour or activity that is annoying but that is not meant to cause serious harm or
damage
Conch - a type of shellfish that lives in a large shell which has the form of a spiral ; also : the
shell of
Compromise - a way of reaching agreement in which each person or group gives up something
that was wanted in order to end an argument or dispute
Thrust - to make a sudden, strong, forward movement at someone or something with a weapon
Vindicate - to show that (someone) should not be blamed for a crime, mistake, etc.: to show
that (someone) is not guilty
Psychedelic - suggesting the effects of psychedelic drugs by having bright colours, strange
sounds, etc.
Dean - a person whose job is to give advice to the students in a college or high school and to
make sure that they obey the school's rules
Cease fire - an agreement to stop fighting a war for a period of time so that a permanent
agreement can be made to end the war
Guild - an organized group of people who have joined together because they share the same
job or interest; especially: an association of people who made or sold goods in the middle Ages
Liberated - freed from or opposed to traditional social and sexual attitudes or ways of behaving
Grasp - to take and hold (something) with your fingers, hands, etc.
Vivid - seeming like real life because it is very clear, bright, or detailed: very bright in colour
Intimidating - causing feelings of fear, awe, or timidity
Prestigious - honoured
Cushion - a soft object or part that is used to make something (such as a seat) more
comfortable or to protect a surface from damage: a soft pillow, pad, etc.
Ironic - using words that mean the opposite of what you really think especially in order to be
funny
Insensitive - showing that you do not know or care about the feelings of other people
Hyena - a large animal of Asia and Africa that eats the flesh of dead animals
Evocation - the act of bringing something into the mind or memory: the act of evoking
something
Monotonous - used to describe something that is boring because it is always the same
Intimate - having a very close relationship: very warm and friendly: very personal or private
Grimace - a facial expression in which your mouth and face are twisted in a way that shows
disgust, disapproval, or pain
Tiptoe - with your toes touching the ground and your heels raised up
Sardonic - showing that you disapprove of or do not like someone or something: showing
disrespect or scorn for someone or something
Sparrow - a common type of small bird that usually has brown or grey feathers
Infidelity - unfaithfulness
Fraud - a person who pretends to be what he or she is not in order to trick people
Osmosis - an ability to learn and understand things gradually without much effort
Mummify - to preserve (a dead body) by treating it with oils and wrapping it in strips of cloth
Audacious - very confident and daring: very bold and surprising or shocking
Enthusiastic - feeling or showing strong excitement about something: filled with or marked by
enthusiasm
Compliance - the act or process of doing what you have been asked or ordered to do: the act
or process of complying
Perishable - likely to spoil or decay quickly: not likely to stay fresh for a long time if not eaten or
used
Seize - appreciate
Flaunt - to show (something) in a very open way so that other people will notice
Genuine - actual, real, or true: not false or fake: sincere and honest
Ridiculous - actual, real, or true: not false or fake: sincere and honest
Disdain - a feeling of strong dislike or disapproval of someone or something you think does not
deserve respect
Transfix - to cause (someone) to sit or stand without moving because of surprise, shock,
interest, etc.
Gloat - to show in an improper or selfish way that you are happy with your own success or
another person's failure
Bask - to lie or relax happily in a bright and warm place: to enjoy the attention and good feelings
expressed by others
Covetous - feeling or showing a very strong desire for something that you do not have and
especially for something that belongs to someone else
Latter - coming or happening near the end of a process, activity, series, life, etc.
Meek - having or showing a quiet and gentle nature: not wanting to fight or argue with other
people
Eloquent - having or showing the ability to use language clearly and effectively: clearly showing
feeling or meaning
Compassionate - feeling or showing concern for someone who is sick, hurt, poor, etc.: having
or showing compassion
Coquette - a woman who likes to win the attention or admiration of men but does not have
serious feelings for them
Auction - a public sale at which things are sold to the people who offer to pay the most
Mnemonic - something (such as a word, a sentence, or a song) that helps people remember
something (such as a rule or a list of names)