Kinematic Update 10 9 2007

Kinematics Development - Status Update
Meeting Agenda
• Overview of CurvGen
• Perceived Issues with LiftCurve
• Kinematics-Based Optimization Tool – Status
• Perceived Issues with Kinematics-Based Optimization
• Dynamics-Based Optimization Development
• Optimization Solver Development
10/09/2007 Page 1 Lu Zhu

Meeting Agenda
10/09/2007 Page 2 Lu Zhu

Overview of CurvGen
tm1
A tm3 B
rm1 = A/(A+B) 1-rm1 = B/(A+B) tm2
C
rm5*B
rm2*A
D
rm4*tm3
1st Half
rm3*C
A+B = tm1-(tm2+tm3)
j1
rj1f * j1
rj2f * j1
rj3f * j2 rj4f * j2
j2
1st Acc 1st Acc 1st Acc 1st Acc

Ascending Peak Transition Negative
• Program Interface – Excel / Mathematica Notebook / DOS

10/09/2007 Page 3 Lu Zhu
Overview of CurvGen
tn1
tn2 B tn3 A
A 1-rn1 = B/(A+B) rn1 = A/(A+B)
rn5*B C
rn2*A
2nd Half rn4*tn3
A+B = tn1-(tn2+tn3) D
j rn3*C
4
rj3e * j4
rj4e * j4
rj2e * j rj1e *
j3 j3
3
2nd Acc 2nd Acc 2nd Acc 2nd Acc

Negative Transition Peak Descending
10/09/2007 Page 4 Lu Zhu

Overview of CurvGen
• Implemented as Mathematica Package Format (.m)

• Developed Codes in two-tier formulation
1. symbolic code generation functions – these functions
generate codes of next level functions with given number of
segments, connectivity and boundary constraints etc.; must
be implemented in Mathematica (Symbolic)
2. automatic generated functions of Mathematica; directly
used by curveGen programs; can be exported to C or
Fortran; fixed number of segments at this stage;" Compiled
format" (fast)
10/09/2007 Page 5 Lu Zhu

Overview of CurvGen
• Some Lessons Learned on Algorithms

1. can not have more than one user-input one value in "y"
direction in the lift section – generated curve will be
unstable (automatic calling predictable)
2. balance of direct parameter input, level of details vs.
calculated defaults
3. do not try to solve any nonlinear equations numerically
(unstable)
4. do not directly solve polynomials of order of 3, except it is a
Hermit and the boundary slope is not solved at the same
time (unstable)
5. Small number of segments not sufficient to model typical
lift curve
10/09/2007 Page 6 Lu Zhu
Perceived Issues with LiftCurve
• High Oscillation?
• Number of segment?
• Sensitivity of defining parameter/stability?
• Predictable under automatic calling in optimization?
10/09/2007 Page 7 Lu Zhu

Kinematics-Based Optimization Tool – Status
10/09/2007 Page 8 Lu Zhu

10/09/2007 Page 9 Lu Zhu

Intake - strCamLowRPM
Intake - Valve Acceleration
600.0
100.0
500.0
80.0
strCamLowRPM (MPa)
400.0
Valve Acceleration (mm/rad^2)
60.0
40.0 300.0
20.0
200.0
0.0
100.0
-20.0
0.0
-40.0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
0 50 100 150 200 250 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cam Angle (deg)

Calc Test Calc Test
Cam Angle (deg)
Valve Displacement
Intake - lubricationNumber
12.0
50.0
10.0
0.0
Valve Displacement (mm) 8.0

lubricationNumber
-50.0
6.0
-100.0
4.0
-150.0
2.0
-200.0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210
0.0
Cam Angle (deg)
Calc Test
-2.0
0
50
100
150
200
250
VT2019 Modified V2019
CamOriginal
Angle (deg)
10/09/2007 Page 10 Lu Zhu

10/09/2007 Page 11 Lu Zhu

• Currently Working – Curve Only / Type 1 / Type 2 and 3

• Excel Solver – LGO most often successful; Genetic solver
sometimes gets good results; many tuning to be done; can be
time-consuming;
• Implement – Mathematica + Excel Link + VBA
• Manual Mode vs. Optimization Mode
• Applications – Ricardo THOR / GM UV8 / DCX Phoenix /
Ford 50L / GM GenV
10/09/2007 Page 12 Lu Zhu

Perceived Issues with Kinematics-Based Optimization
• GM UV8
• Ricardo THOR
10/09/2007 Page 13 Lu Zhu

Kinematics Valve Lift for Different Cam Profiles

10/09/2007 Page 14 Lu Zhu

10/09/2007 Page 15 Lu Zhu
UltraV8 SLSH
Cam I features no contact loss and reasonable maximum force.

10/09/2007 Page 16 Lu Zhu
Dynamics-Based Optimization Development
10/09/2007 Page 17 Lu Zhu

E) B
LH EBV
LV ( b( )
• Reduced degree of
)

EBAB
DV ( D
freedom spring model (SAP K) 0 VENT
OG )
Rv ( RH
(RN H
Rb O(B)
000-283-300/001/00) O
D
P) 
N
(A  F Rc
• Simplified Dynamics Model LO
0

I H
s( )
K
/ fast calculation speed
)
0
x
EBEP
v
 cam (WINNO )
C
 H
0
H xv ( ) X
)
A
ENUE
C
• Automatic Report
hV ( AH
) I
 RV (WINHEB ) Rg (RHEBRO
K
 vlv (WDPVEN )
hG ( LV
G
Generation / text file or Excel N

N
interface LC (LHEBNO )
U)
• Correlation in process
VENF
dV ( AD
Y PVEN
)
LG ( L

10/09/2007 Page 18 Lu Zhu

tip
=
(F inertia + Fspr ) LG + 2  Fspr  Gd  espr
LG (1 + Gd  tip ) − Gd (− 2hG  tip + DV  Gd  tip + 2s   tip + 2 xv  )
NVlv
xv ( )
tip
= NVlv
tip
 tip    
 tip  hG − s  − V Gd  + xv    (Finertia + Fspr ) − espr  Fspr (1 + Gd  tip )
fVlv 
xv ( )
D
O(B)
 
= 
bot 2
NGd
(LG + LG Gd  tip + Gd (tip (2hG − 2s  − DV Gd ) − 2 xv  ))
tip
NVlv
espr  Fspr (1 − Gd  tip ) +  hG tip + LG tip − V Gd  tip − s   tip + xv    (Finertia + Fspr )
 D 
top
=  2 
LG (1 + Gd  tip ) + ((2hG − 2s  − DV Gd )tip − 2 xv  )  Gd
N Gd
A C
xv ( ) = 0 Y
xv ( )
Fspr = Fspr
0
+ kspr  s( )
hG − s( )
espr
top
N Gd
s( )
f Gdtop LG top
f Gd = N Gd
top
 Gd 
N bot
Gd DV s( )
s( ) (
Finertia = mvlv + mspr
eff
)
 s( )  2
f bot
=N bot
 Gd 
s( )
Gd Gd
10/09/2007 Page 19 Lu Zhu

10/09/2007 Page 20 Lu Zhu

10/09/2007 Page 21 Lu Zhu

10/09/2007 Page 22 Lu Zhu

Optimization Solver Development
• Implemented two Optimization Algorithms

1. Linear Programming in sub-divisions of parameter spaces
2. Nelder's Simplex
10/09/2007 Page 23 Lu Zhu

10/09/2007 Page 24 Lu Zhu

Kinematic Update 10 9 2007

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Kinematics Development - Status Update

10/09/2007 Page 1 Lu Zhu

10/09/2007 Page 2 Lu Zhu

1st Acc 1st Acc 1st Acc 1st Acc

• Program Interface – Excel / Mathematica Notebook / DOS

2nd Acc 2nd Acc 2nd Acc 2nd Acc

10/09/2007 Page 4 Lu Zhu

• Implemented as Mathematica Package Format (.m)

10/09/2007 Page 5 Lu Zhu

• Some Lessons Learned on Algorithms

10/09/2007 Page 7 Lu Zhu

10/09/2007 Page 8 Lu Zhu

10/09/2007 Page 9 Lu Zhu

Cam Angle (deg)

Valve Displacement (mm) 8.0

10/09/2007 Page 10 Lu Zhu

10/09/2007 Page 11 Lu Zhu

• Currently Working – Curve Only / Type 1 / Type 2 and 3

10/09/2007 Page 12 Lu Zhu

10/09/2007 Page 13 Lu Zhu

Kinematics Valve Lift for Different Cam Profiles

Kinematics Valve Lift for Different Cam Profiles

Cam I features no contact loss and reasonable maximum force.

10/09/2007 Page 17 Lu Zhu

Generation / text file or Excel N

10/09/2007 Page 18 Lu Zhu

10/09/2007 Page 19 Lu Zhu

10/09/2007 Page 20 Lu Zhu

10/09/2007 Page 21 Lu Zhu

10/09/2007 Page 22 Lu Zhu

• Implemented two Optimization Algorithms

10/09/2007 Page 23 Lu Zhu

10/09/2007 Page 24 Lu Zhu

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