COMPUTER COMPONENTS Data Processing:

Chapter 2

It is a process in which we provide the data to computer to process so that computer can produce required result

Types of Data Processing:

Manual data processing: It is the data processing in which human interruption is needed to complete the act of data processing such as electromechanical machines Electronic data processing (EDP): It is the data processing in which large amount of data can process in very little time such as computer uses EDP

Data Processing Cycle:

Data processing cycle consists of 3 basic steps 1. Input: It feeds data to the computer 2. Process: It process the data that was fed by input 3. Output: It shows result of processing data

Input Devices:
A device that can be used to insert data into a computer is called Input devices. An input device is any hardware device that sends data to the computer Examples: Keyboard, Mouse, scanner etc

Output Devices:
These are connected to a computer and used to transfer data out of the computer in the form of text, images and sounds etc.: Monitor, Printer, Speaker etc

Buses:
A bus is a pathway for routing signals and data from one part of PC to other part of PC through wires. There are 3 types of buses 1. Address Bus ( It is used to identify particular location (Address) in memory) 2. Control Bus ( It carries control information between CPU and other devices) 3. Data Bus ( It is used to transfer data between processor and peripheral devices)

Motherboard:
A printed circuit board containing the principal components of a microcomputer or other device, with connectors into which other circuit boards can be slotted. It is main board of a computer containing the circuitry for the central processing unit, keyboard, and monitor and often having slots for accepting additional circuitry.

Registers:
It is a temporary storage device which holds data or an instruction.It is used to store several bits of digital data it consists of a set of flip flop in which each flip flop represent one bit.

Ports:
These are used to connect input or output device to the CPU.It uses cable to connect a peripheral device such as printer, monitor etc.

Types of Ports:
These are main two types of ports Serial Port :( It transmits data in serial form one bit at a time. It has 9 or 25 pins. Also called Male connector.Mouse, Modem are often used to connect with serial port) Parallel Port: (It transmits data in parallel form more than one bit at a time. it has 25 holes. Also called female connector.CD ROMs, Extra hard disk, printer, are often used to connect with parallel port)

COMPUTER COMPONENTS Central Processing Unit (CPU):

Chapter 2

The main part of computer system is the CPU. It is the brain of the computer. The CPU is a place where most calculations take place. It consists of the following components. 1. Control unit (CU): It controls all computer activities. It receives instructions from primary storage (RAM) and according to these instructions it orders the other units and devices to perform data processing operations 2. Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU): The arithmetic logic unit (ALU) is a digital circuit that calculates an arithmetic operation (addition, subtraction, etc.) and logic operations (OR, AND, etc.) between two numbers.