The Stand of Senior High School

Students on Legalizing Same-Sex

Marriage in the Philippines

Researchers:
Farrah Francisco Abarri
Kenrich G. Delossantos
Aibreal R. Datolio
Rosni ituralde
Izek fraginal
Karim O. Aril
Jhon carlo B. verallo
12- TVL

Presented to: IVY JANE MENDOZA SEPE

(Practical Research Teacher)

CHAPTER I
Introduction

Background of the study

Societies have resolved the intertwined issues of sexuality, reproduction,

and marriage inmyriad ways. Their resp
onses regarding the morality, desirability, and administrative perquisites
of same-sex partnerships have been equally diverse. Notably, however,
by the beginning of the 21st century most countries opted for one of only
three legal resolutions to these intersecting problems: to ignore same-
sex partnerships, to criminalize them, or to grant them a status similar or
equal to that of heterosexual marriage. Many countries have yet to reach
a consensus on these issues.

As noted above, many societies traditionally chose to ignore the issue of

same-sex marriage by treating same-sex intimacy as a subject
unsuitable for discussion. Many of these jurisdictions, as well as those
that actively criminalize same-sex unions, contended that homosexuality
and lesbianism are mental disorders and built their public policies on this
premise. In treating same-sex desire as a psychiatric illness, these
cultures moved same-sex intimacy and marriage from the realm of civil
regulations (the domain of contract law) to that of public safety (the
domain of criminal law). In such societies, the possibility of arrest or
institutionalization further reinforced taboos on same-sex intimacy and
discussions thereof, typically driving such activities underground. The
following are studies which presents different studies related to
Legalizing Same-Sex Marriage, inside and outside Asia. Who Supports
Equal Rights for same-sex couples? Evidence from Australia. I’m this
study, The Australian cultural and legal context concerning LGBT issues
is internationally distinctive. OECD data indicates that Australia ranks
10th out of 35 OECD countries in average acceptance of homosexuality
(Valfort 2017), while Perales and Campbell (2018) document a rapid
increase in public support of equal rights for same-sex couples in
Australia (from 39% in 2005 to 66% in 2015). Based on earlier data,
Perales (2016) noted that in 1983 76% of Australians believed that
homosexuality was 'unjustifiable', and 32% did not want to have
'homosexuals' as neighbors. Another study conducted is LGBT Effect
and its Impact in Indonesia (Sociology of Indonesia (Sociology of Law's
Perpective) the researcher's study found out that the government’s make
a new LGBT act by intimating the law

of 23 countries, which recognizes the state existence of LGBT, that the

government shall adopt a new LGBT adopting the Fatwa MUI number 57
of 2014 on LESBIAN, GAT, SODOMY and FORNICATION and Qanun
Aceh Number 6on Jinayat Law and that government allows LGBT to
determine their own destiny in accordance with customary law and
Living Law applicable in their respective places. (Darmako, 2017). In the
Phiilippines, researchers also conducted studies related to it. One if
those is the Revisiting Social Acceptance of Acceptance of
Homosexuality Among Filipino Youth: Some Theoretical and
Methodological Implications This paper aims to explore the issue of
social acceptance of homosexuality in the Philippines both qualitatively
as evidenced by systematically examining emerging themes in the
literature, and quantitatively by using data from the Young Adult Fertility
and Sexuality Survey of 2002. While in general, “homosexual
acceptance” among the young Filipino population is reported to be as
high as 50.9 percent, the paper demonstrates that when acceptance is
qualified with the activities that characterize homosexual practice – men
dating men, women dating women and, sexual attraction to the same
sex – the result presents that only 13.5 percent of the young people
approve both the homosexual person .
both the homosexual person and the practice of homosexuality.
Conceptually, it presents that acceptance of homosexuality must be
extended from the acceptance of the homosexual person into
incorporating the acceptance of homosexual practice.
In the Philippines, there is a divide on the consensus on the general
perception towards the LGBT community. One study, titled "The Global
Divide on Homosexuality", ranked the Philippines as one of the most
gay-friendly nations in Asia by the Pew Research Center.[2] The country
ranked as the 10th most gay-friendly nation covering 39 countries in a
2013 global survey and showed that 73% of adult Filipinos agreed with
the statement that "homosexuality should be accepted by society"
However, another study in 2014, titled "Global Morality", by the same
organization showed Filipinos highly disfavor homosexuality when asked
"is homosexuality morally acceptable, unacceptable, or is not a moral
issue", with 65% responded it is 'unacceptable', only 25% responded
with 'acceptable', and 9% said 'it is not a moral issue'.[3]LGBT
acceptance in the Philippines stem mainly from the historical acceptance
and role of LGBT people in indigenous animistic Anito religions before
the advent of Islam.
comparison to the heterosexual population.[2][4]

LGBT rights in the Philippines

Philippines
Status Legal Gender identity Transgender people not allowed to change
legal gender Military Gays, lesbians and bisexuals allowed to serve
openly since 2009Discrimination protections None at the national level
but many anti-discrimination ordinances exist at the local government
level.Family rights Recognition of relationships None Restrictions The
Family Code of the Philippines defines marriage as "a special contract of
permanent union between a man and a woman". The Constitution of the
Philippines does not prohibit same-sex marriage.[1]Adoption Allowed for
individuals but not allowed for same-sex couples.In the classical era of
the islands, prior to Spanish occupation, homosexual individuals usually
(but

not always) became Babaylan, which are traditionally feminine shamans

of the animistic religions. They functioned as healers, mediators, and
highly respected spiritual leaders of the communities on par with the
ruling nobility. These shamans, however, were persecuted during the
conversion of most Philippine ethnic groups into Christianity and Islam,
resulting in the discrimination faced by the LGBT community in the
present-day.[5][6][7][8] Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender people
often face disadvantages in getting hired for jobs, acquiring rights for civil
marriage, and even in starting up personal businesses. They also have a
higher rate of suicide and suicide ideation compared to heterosexuals.[9]
[10] According to an international research, 10% of the world's
population are theoretically part of the LGBT community, out or not,
including as many as 12 million Filipinos who may experience
discrimination based on who they are. This has led to the rise of the
cause for LGBT rights, defined as the right to equality and non-
discrimination.[11] As a member of the United Nations, the Philippines is
signatory to various international covenants promoting human rights.
Knowing that Legalizing Same-Sex Marriage in the Philippines is one of
the undying issues so that is why researchers embarked with this study.

Significance of the study

This study is beneficial to the following:

For Lesbians, Gays , bisexuals, transexuals, etc.
Upon knowing the result of the study conducted, Lesbians and Gays will
be affected by the stand of Senior High School Students on Legalizing
same-sex marriage in the Philippines. If the result will be positive and

favorable to them, they will feel more accepted in the community,

especially if legalizing same-sex marriage will be favorable.

For Bisexuals and Transgenders

Same with Lesbians and gays, upon knowing the result of the study
conducted, Lesbians and Gays will be affected by the stand of Senior
High School Students on Legalizing same-sex marriage in the
Philippines. If the result will be positive and favorable to them, they will
feel more accepted in the community, especially if legalizing same-sex
marriage will be favorable.

For Law Makers (Government)

Upon knowing the results of study conducted, law makers will be more
enlightened on making laws related to LGBT community especially in
terms of legalizing same-sex marriage in the Philippines.

Religious Leaders
With different beliefs of different religions, religious leaders will be more
clarified about the stand of Senior High School Students on Legalizing
same-sex marriage in the Philippines and might lead to acceptance or
disapproval to them to legalize same-sex marriage in the Philippines.

Society
Society will be more clarified about legalizing same-sex marriage in the
Philippines and upon knowing the result, favorable or not, they will still
further understand the essence of LGBT in our community, their
significance and also to avoid discrimination no matter what the result is.
For other Researchers
This study will be essential for other researchers for additional input if
they will conduct a similar study using different variables.

Statement of the problem

This study aims to examine the stand of Senior high School Students on
Legalizing Same-Sex Marriage in the Philippines.
Specifically, this study seeks to answer the following questions:
1. What is the stand of Senior High School Students on legalizing same-
sex marriage in the Philippines in terms of?
1.1 Religious Aspect
1.2 Human Rights Aspect
2. Is legalizing same-sex marriage agreeable or not for Senior High
School Students in terms of their personal perspective?
3. Is there any significance for Senior High School Students if they
agreed with Legalizing same-sex marriage in the Philippines?
4. Is there any significance for the Senior High School Students if they
are not agreed with legalizing same-sex marriage in the Philippines?

Theoretical framework
This study is anchored on Natural law and same sex marriages (Mark
Strasser ,48Depaul L. Rev.51,1998).This Might refe to either a legal or a
moral theory and natural law theorists argue that the same sex
marriages can't be true marriages and thus cannot be recognized by any
state.These justification are unpersuasive for two reasons.First,they
undermine each other in that they as readily establish that the state
should recognize same sex marriage,as that it should not.Second,they at
least implicity involve a misunderstanding of the relation between natural
law as moral system and american domestic relation
jurisprudence.Natural law addresses the connection between morality
and law, but it doesn't specify which moral theory must be true.

Research hypothesis
Hypothesis
This study is guided by the following alternative hypothesis.
Ha1. Senior High School Students are agreed with legalizing same-sex
marriage in the Philippines.
Ha2. There is a significant relationship between the Senior High School
Students and legalizing same-sex marriage in the Philippines.
Ha3. Broadening civil marriage to couples of the same sex demonstrate
respect for the fundamental rights of equality and discrimination.
Ha4. Same sex marriage enable gay and lesbians to marry the person
they love.
Ha5. The legalization of same sex marriage is a step to reduce the
stigma that sexual minorities face.
Ha6. Same sex marriage leads to a host of social and even public health
benefits including a range of advantages for mental health and well
being
Ha7. Same sex boosted economics
SCOPE AND DELIMITATIONS
This study is limited to Examining the stand of Senior High School
Students on Legalizing same-sex marriage in the Philippines and will not
exceed on to other issues. It covers the academic school year 2022-
2023.

Definition of Terms
1. Stand of senior high school students-if is whether they are agreed or
not with Legalizing Same-sex Marriage
in the Philippines.
2. Same-sex Marriage – the practice of marriage between two men or
between two women
3. Philippines – the country of Filipino citizens that does not offer any
legal recognition to same-sex
marriage.
4. Legalizing – to make same-sex marriage permissible by law.
5. Senior High School Students – the respondents of the research being
conducted.
6. Religion Aspect – the religion view of Senior High School Students on
Legalizing same-sex marriage.
7. LGBT rights – the LGBT acceptance in the Philippines.
8. Significant relationship – the relationship that exist between the Senior
High School Students stand on Legalizing
same-sex Marriage in the Philippines.
9. Personal perspective – the point of view of Senior High School
Students on Legalizing same-sex Marriage in
the Philippines.
10. Agree – Senor High School Students being in favor of legalizing
same-sex marriage in the Philippines.