ვეფხისტყაოსნის იდეურ–მსოფლმხედველობითი სამყარო - ელგუჯა ხინთიბიძე

თბილისი 2009

aristoteles didsulovani da rusTvelis idealuri gmirebi

aristotelem sakuTari eTikuri principebis kvaldakval Seqmna idealuri

pirovnebis, _SesaniSnavi individis saxe, romelsac filosofosi didsulovans
uwodebs, ramdenadac masSi diadi suli, didsulovneba aris Caqsovili.
aristoteles SesaniSnav individs principulad enaTesaveba rusTvelis
idealuri gmirebi.
rusTvelis gmirebs aristoteles didsulovanTan aaxloebs swored is,
riTac es gmirebi gansxvavdebian qristianuli idealuri pirovnebisagan.
aristoteleseuli SesaniSnavi individi, anu idealuri pirovneba mkveTrad
gansxvavdeba qristiani wmindanisagan. mas axasiaTebs WeSmariti siamaye da
arasdros amcirebs Tavis Rirsebebs.
aristoteles didsulovans unda ezizRebodes yvelaferi, rac imsaxurebs
zizRs (429, gv. 195).
aristotele erTmaneTs upirispirebs brbos, masas da pirovnebas.
filosofosis didsulovani brbos yovelTvis almacerad ucqeris, uyvars
ironiuli mimarTva misadmi. am TezisSi vefxistyaosnis gmirTa moqmedeba
emyareba aristoteles eTikur normebs da mkveTrad gansxvavdeba
qristianobisagan. siamaye nestanis, tarielis, avTandilis Tu fridonisaTvis
mkveTradaa damaxasiaTebeli. avTandili arc zizRs ar faravs vaWrebis mimarT,
radganac raindis maRalmoraluri TvalTaxedviT isini amas imsaxureben. gmiri
swored ironiiT mimarTavs, dascinis maT da sakuTari sidiadiTac daufaravad
amayobs maT winaSe:
`Tqven, vaWarni, jabanni xarT, omisaca umecarni,
Sors isriTa ar dagxocnen, CaixSeniT Tana karni;
marto mnaxeT, viT Seveba, viT vixmarne lomni mxarni!~

didsulovans pirvel rigSi siuxve axasiaTebs. igi ar iSurvebs siuxves

mSvenierebis gulisTvis. da amas akeTebs tkbobiT, siamovnebiT, amave dros
uangariSod, ramdenadac zomieri angariSsworeba wvrilmani xasiaTis adamianis
Tvisebaa. mxolod misi siuxve diadia da Rirseuli. amave dros igi yuradRebas
aqcevs ara imdenad sagnis fass, ramdenadac silamazes da Rirseulobas.
didsulovani yovelTvis fiqrobs sagnis Sesrulebis xarisxze, mis interess
imsaxurebs mxolod is, rac diadia da brwyinvale, ramdenadac aseTi sagnis
Semecneba CvenSi aRZravs gakvirvebas (Eth. Nic., IV, 2). amitomac aris, rom
didsulovani yuradRebas aqcevs mSveniers da ara momgebians da Semosavlians
(Eth. Nic., IV, 3).
aq ar SeiZleba ar gavixsenoT tarielis pirovneba. misi Rirseuli, diadi
da taqtiani saCuqrebi, razedac zemoT gvqonda saubari. gansakuTrebiT unda
SevCerdeT erT detalze. xataeTSi laSqrobisas tarielma udidesi simdidre
igdo xelT, magram misi yuradReba SeCerda mxolod or nivTze__ `yabaCasa~ da
`rideze~. gmiri moxibla da gaakvirva ara mxolod maTma Zvirfasobam, aramed
Sesrulebis, naWedobis xarisxma, iSviaTobam. es iyo erTaderTi saCuqari,
romelic tarielma nestans uZRvna.
didsulovans siuxvisaTvis simdidre sWirdeba. Raribs ki arasdros eqneba
saSualeba gasces didi simdidre. amdenad didsulovani ar SeiZleba iyos Raribi.
ufro metic, igi unda iyos didgvarovani (Eth. Nic., V, 2) da miiswrafodes
saxelmwifo Zalauflebisaken, radganac saxelmwifo Zalauflebac didebisa da
pativis saqmea (Eth. Nic., IV , 3).
vfiqrob, urigo ar iqneba gavixsenoT, rom vefxistyaosnis yvela
idealuri gmiri didgvarovania, feodaluri aristokratiis umaRles safexurze
dgas da an saxelmwifo Zalauflebis saTaveSi imyofeba, an misken miiswrafvis.
didsulovani yvelaze metad didebis, pativis, saxelisaken miiltvis; radganac,
aristoteles ganmartebiT, saxeli umaRlesia garegan sikeTeTa Soris _ Eth. Nic.,
IV , 3. es azri mkveTradaa Caqsovili poemaSic. avTandilis kategoriuli
debuleba: `sjobs saxelisa moxveWa yovelsa mosaxveWelsa~ (801) _ kargadaa
asaxuli poemis gmirTa moqmedebaSic.
eyrdnoboda ra Aristoteles koncefcias, rusTvelis msgavsad, saxelis
roli da mniSvneloba adamianis zneobriv samyaroSi win wamoswia renesansma.
didsulovani yovelTvis cdilobs, rom TviTon iyos mwyalobeli,
mboZebeli da erideba sxvisagan saCuqris miRebas, sxvisi wyalobis obieqtad
gaxdomas; ramdenadac boZeba, saCuqris gacema axasiaTebs adamians, romelic
aRmatebulia sxvaze; xolo saCuqris, wyalobis miReba adamians, romelic
daqvemdebarebulia sxvaze: visganac iRebT saCuqars, erTgvarad misi movalec
xdebiT. amitomac didsulovani, surs ra, rom sxvaze maRla dadges, yovelTvis
cdilobs, TviTon iyos mwyalobeli da ara sxvis mier dasaCuqrebuli ( Eth. Nic.,
IV, 3).
gavixsenoT, rom vefxistyaosnis gmirebic yovelTvis cdiloben TviTon
iyvnen damsaCuqrebeli da ara dasaCuqrebuli. gavixsenoT, rom vefxistyaosnis
gmirebic yovelTvis cdiloben TviTon iyvnen damsaCuqrebeli da ara
dasaCuqrebuli: avTandilma baRdadidan momaval vaWarTa qaravans didi
daxmareba gauwia: SeSinebuli da SeWirvebuli vaWrebi zRvaSi Seiyvana,
mekobreebi daxoca da moqaravneTa simdidre da sicocxle gadaarCina. vaWrebma
igrZnes, rom isini avTandilis xelSi iyvnen; CaTrevas Cayola amjobines da
gmirs mTeli TavianTi simdidris patronoba SesTavazes. avTandilma ar miiRo
vaWarTa Semowiruli. _ gmirma WeSmariti didsulovnebiT SeuTvala vaWrebs: da
mekobreebis mTeli simdidre uZRvna vaWrebs:
`navi srulad saqonliTa momiRia, viTa ZRveni~ (1051).
is, vinc iRebs wyalobas, _ agrZelebs aristotele, _ yovelTvis dabla
aRmoCndeba Tavis mwyalobelze. amdenad, didsulovans ar siamovnebs imis
Sexseneba, Tu vin ra samsaxuri gauwia.
arc avTandili axsenebs arc erTxel nestanis povnis Semdeg im daxmarebas,
rac man tariels gauwia da Tu, aristoteles azriT, Tetidas saqcieli ar aris
SemTxveviTi,arc avTandilis dumili SeiZleba CaiTvalos SemTxveviTad. Tavis
mxriv, tarielsac kargad esmis, rom is, vinc iRebs wyalobas, saCuqars,
yovelTvis dabla aRmoCndeba Tavis mboZebelze. amitom aris, rom, grZnobs ra
avTandilis pirovnebis sidiades, tarieli mas saCuqars ar uZRvnis. es maSin,
roca gmirma yvela, vinc garkveuli roli Seasrula nestanis gadarCenaSi,
mefurad daasaCuqra. avTandilis megobroba mxolod megobrobiT Tu
gadaixdeboda.
didsulovani ar aris gulRvarZliani. amitomac aris, rom igi arasdros
ixsenebs Zvel wyenas, Zvel usiamovnebas; cdilobs saerTod ar SeimCnios igi (
Eth. Nic., IV, 3). vfiqrob, ar yofila SemTxveviTi, rom rostevanma, romelmac ucxo
moymis esoden daJinebuli Zebna swored tarielis mier misi monebis daxocvis
usiamovno ambis Semdeg wamoiwyo, tarielTan Sexvedrisas erTi sityviTac ar
gaixsena es ambavi. rostevanis mier tarielTan am ambavze saubari miT ufro
safiqrebeli iyo, rom tarielma arabTa mefes Zveli wyenis gamo Sendoba sTxova
da SeuTvala:
`maSin Tqven Cemi gewyina naxva miwisa Senisa,
cda Sepyrobisa avi hqmen, Semoteveba cxenisa;
me SenTa spaTa vaCvene niSani rame wyenisa,
davxoce mona mravali, msaxuri srisa Tqvenisa~ (1504).
`aw amad moval winaSe, davyaren Cemni gzania,
SemindoT, raca Segcode, hqmnneT gawyromisa kmania~ (1505).
aristoteles didsulovani yvela saqmes xels ar hkidebs. filosofosis
azriT, igi moqmedebs mxolod maSin, roca saqme diadia; iseTi, romlis
Sesruleba yvelas ar SeuZlia da iseTi, romlis qmna didebis da saxelis
momtania. da aseT moqmedebas didsulovani yovelTvis iwyebs frTxilad,
wynarad da mofiqrebiT ( Eth. Nic., IV, 3). Cemi azriT, avTandilis moqmedebas
nestanis Zebnis saqmeSi swored es principebi udevs safuZvlad.
didsulovani, _ ganagrZobs aristotele, _ aravis gavlenas ar
ganicdis, garda megobrisa. igi aravisze araa damokidebuli, garda megobrisa.
igi araviT ar aris moxibluli, garda megobrisa; radganac yovelgvari
gavlenamonuri Tvisebaa. amitomac sxvisi maqebari yovelTvis pirmoTne da
mliqvnelia. xolo mliqvneli mdabali adamiania (Eth. Nic., IV, 3). avTandili
ganicdida sxvis gavlenas; avTandili iyo sxvisiT moxibluli; avTandili iyo
sxvisi maqebari; magram es sxva erTaderTi adamiani _ misi megobari tarieli
iyo.
vfiqrob, rusTvelis dadebiTi gmirebis idealurobaswored imaSi
mdgomareobs, rac axasiaTebs Suasaukuneebiswmindanisagan gansxvavebiT
aristoteles didsulovans.aristoteles didsulovanis saTnoebiTi
moqmedebaqvelmoqmedeba didadaaa damokidebuli imaze, rompirovnebas uWiravs
gansakuTrebuli mdgomareoba sazogadoebaSi.
qristianobis azriT, qvelmoqmedeba erTnairad SesaZlebelia Raribisa
da mdidrisaTvis, monisa da monaTmflobelisaTvis, ymisa da patronisaTvis.
inteleqtualuri saTnoebani: goneba, codna, sibrZne, swavla, romlebsac
platoni da aristotele pirvel adgilze ayeneben, sazogadod unda iqnen
amoricxuli saTnoebaTa rigidan. amitomac iyo, rom papi grigol didi
seriozuli saxiT kicxavda erT episkopioss gramatikis swavlebisaTvis (429, gv.
197). rusTveli am SemTxvevaSic emijneba qristianul koncefcias da sokrates,
platonis da Aristoteles Tvalsazrisze dgas (168, gv. 76). es iqidan Cans, rom
sibrZne, SemecnebiToba, ena, goneba rusTvelis mier zneobrivi srulqmnilebis
aucilebel Tvisebebs warmoadgenen; rom poemaSi gaidealebulia goneba, gansja,
rogorc adamianTa moqmedebis safuZveli; rom avTandilis mier swavluleba
(aristoteles dayofiT _ inteleqtualuri saTnoeba), winaaRmdeg qristianuli
Tvalsazrisisa (348, gv. 240, 278), RmerTTan, RvTaebasTan amaRlebis aucilebel
pirobadaa gamocxadebuli: `miT viswavlebiT, mogveces SerTva zesT mwyobrTa
wyobisa~ (792)
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