DIE MATRIKSVERGELYKING 𝐴𝒙 = 𝒃

THE MATRIX EQUATION 𝐴𝒙 = 𝒃

LEERGEDEELTE 1.4
STUDY SECTION 1.4
 UITKOMSTE / OUTCOMES
 Matriksvergelykings / Matrix equations
 Betekenis van 𝐴𝑥 / Meaning of 𝐴𝑥.
 3 verskillende maniere om ‘n stelsel te skryf (St 3)
3 different ways to write a system (Th 3).
 4 ekwivalente bewerings (St 4) / 4 equivalent
statements (Th 4)
 Algebraïese eienskappe van matriksvermenig-
vuldiging (St 5)/ Algebraic properties of matrix
multiplication (Th 5).
Definisie / Definition
 Indien 𝐴 ‘n 𝑚 × 𝑛 matriks is met kolomme
𝑎1 , 𝑎2 , ⋯ , 𝑎𝑛 en as 𝒙 in ℝ𝑛 is, dan is die produk
van 𝐴 en 𝒙 voorgestel deur 𝐴𝒙, die lineêre
kombinasie van die kolomme van 𝐴 met die
inskrywings van 𝒙 as die gewigte, dit is;
If 𝐴 is an 𝑚 × 𝑛 matrix, with columns
𝑎1 , 𝑎2 , ⋯ , 𝑎𝑛 and if 𝒙 is in ℝ𝑛 , then the product
of 𝐴 and 𝒙 , denoted by 𝐴𝒙, is the linear
combination of the columns of 𝐴 using the
corresponding entries in 𝒙 as weights; that is
 Stelling 3 / Theorem 3
 Indien 𝐴 ‘n 𝑚 × 𝑛 matriks is met kolomme
𝑎1 , 𝑎2 , ⋯ , 𝑎𝑛 en as 𝒃 in ℝ𝑚 is, dan het die
matriksvergelyking 𝐴𝒙 = 𝒃, dieselfde oplossing as die
vektorvergelyking
If 𝐴 is an 𝑚 × 𝑛 matrix, with columns 𝑎1 , 𝑎2 , ⋯ , 𝑎𝑛 and if
𝒃 is in ℝ𝑚 , the matrix equation 𝐴𝒙 = 𝒃, has the same
solution as the vector equation
Stelling 4 / Theorem 4
 Laat 𝐴 ‘n 𝑚 × 𝑛 matriks wees. Dan is die volgende
bewerings ekwivalent:
Let 𝐴 be an 𝑚 × 𝑛 matrix. Then the following statements
are logically equivalent:
a) Vir elke 𝒃 in ℝ𝑚 , het die vergelyking 𝐴𝒙 = 𝒃 ‘n oplossing.
For each 𝒃 in ℝ𝑚 , the equation 𝐴𝒙 = 𝒃 has a solution.
b) Elke 𝒃 in ℝ𝑚 is ‘n lineêre kombinasie van die kolomme van
𝐴.
Each 𝒃 in ℝ𝑚 is a linear combination of the columns of 𝐴.
c) Die kolomme van 𝐴 span ℝ𝑚 . / The columns of 𝐴 span ℝ𝑚 .
d) 𝐴 het ‘n spilposisie in elke ry.
𝐴 has a pivot position in every row.
Ry-vektorreël vir berekening van 𝐴𝒙.
Row-Vector rule for computation of 𝐴𝒙.

 As die produk 𝐴𝒙 gedefinieer is, dan is die 𝑖-

de inskrywing in 𝐴𝒙 die som van die produkte
van die ooreenstemmende inskrywings van ry
𝑖 van 𝐴 en van die vektor 𝒙.
If the product 𝐴𝒙 is defined, the the 𝑖-th entry
in 𝐴𝒙 is the sum of the products of
corresponding entries from row 𝑖 of 𝐴 and from
the vector 𝒙.
Stelling 5 / Theorem 5

 Indien 𝐴 ‘n 𝑚 × 𝑛 matriks is, 𝒖 en 𝒗

vektore in ℝ𝑛 is, en 𝑐 ‘n skalaar is, dan is:
If 𝐴 is an 𝑚 × 𝑛 matrix, 𝒖 and 𝒗 are vectors in
ℝ𝑛 and 𝑐 is a scalar, then:
1. 𝐴(𝒖 + 𝒗) = 𝐴𝒖 + 𝐴𝒗;
2. 𝐴(𝑐𝒖) = 𝑐 (𝐴𝒖).