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    This document discusses process safety and alarm types. It covers 4 types of alarms, including equipment status alarms and abnormal measurement alarms. It also discusses interlocks and layers of protection in process safety. Hazard analysis techniques like HAZOP are mentioned to identify hazards and operability issues. Typical causes of process upsets and deviations are listed, along with potential scenarios to consider for distillation columns. The document provides an overview of important aspects of process safety.

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    This document discusses process safety and alarm types. It covers 4 types of alarms, including equipment status alarms and abnormal measurement alarms. It also discusses interlocks and layers of protection in process safety. Hazard analysis techniques like HAZOP are mentioned to identify hazards and operability issues. Typical causes of process upsets and deviations are listed, along with potential scenarios to consider for distillation columns. The document provides an overview of important aspects of process safety.

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    4 views32 pages

    05 - Seguridad

    Uploaded by

    Calidad 3J FACTORY
    This document discusses process safety and alarm types. It covers 4 types of alarms, including equipment status alarms and abnormal measurement alarms. It also discusses interlocks and layers of protection in process safety. Hazard analysis techniques like HAZOP are mentioned to identify hazards and operability issues. Typical causes of process upsets and deviations are listed, along with potential scenarios to consider for distillation columns. The document provides an overview of important aspects of process safety.

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    of 32

    CONTROL DE

    PROCESOS

    Docente: MsC. IQ. Camilo Monroy

    2020-2 1
    PROCESS SAFETY

    2
    LAYERS OF PROTECTION

    3
    LAYERS OF PROTECTION

    4
    ALARM

    5
    TYPE ALARM
    Type 1 Alarm: Equipment status alarm.

    Type 2 Alarm: Abnormal measurement alarm.

    Type 3 Alarm: An alarm switch with its own sensor.

    Type 4 Alarm: An alarm switch without its own sensor

    6
    TYPE ALARM
    Type 1 Alarm: Equipment status alarm.

    7
    TYPE ALARM

    8
    TYPE ALARM

    9
    TYPE ALARM

    10
    INTERLOCK

    11
    INTERLOCK

    12
    EXERCISE

    13
    14
    PROCESS SAFETY

    15
    PROCESS SAFETY

    16
    PROCESS SAFETY

    17
    PROCESS SAFETY
    HAZARD ANALYSIS – HAZOP

    Objectives

    • To identify hazards (HAZ) and operability (OP) issues


    • Not a design check or provide design alternative
    • Not to find solutions but identify problems
    • Solutions may be proposed but will not be finalised during the session
    • Actions/solutions to be reviewed by the design team later and discussed in a
    separate session
    • Not an optimisation study

    18
    PROCESS SAFETY
    Deviation
    • Deviations generated by combining the parameter (or property word) and the
    guide word
    • For example, Flow + None = No flow
     Guide -words
     Parameters  None Negation of design intent
     More More of a physical property than there should be
     Flow (quantitative increase)
     Pressure  Less Less of a physical property than there should be
    (quantitative decrease)
     Temperature
     As well as More components present than there should
     Level be
     State / Composition (qualitative increase)
     Part of Composition of the system (stream) is
     Reaction different
     Utility than it should be (qualitative decrease)
     Reverse Logical opposite of the design intention
     Unsteady Operation 19
     Other than Complete substitution
    PROCESS SAFETY
    Typical causes

    • Equipment failure

    • Control failure

    • Human error

    • Influence from other systems

    • External events such as fire or explosion

    • Extreme environmental events

    20
    PROCESS SAFETY

    21
    PROCESS SAFETY

    22
    PROCESS SAFETY

    23
    PROCESS SAFETY

    24
    PROCESS SAFETY

    25
    PROCESS SAFETY
    • Pset 43.5 psig
    • P acum = 50.46 % Accumulation
    Single valve 110
    • P2v= Multiple valve 116
    • P3v= Fire 121

    26
    PROCESS SAFETY

    27
    PROCESS SAFETY
    Blocked outlet Abnormal heat or vapor input
    Cooling water failure Pressure surge or internal explosion
    Other coolant failure Chemical Reaction
    Fan failure (not 100% loss) Thermal Expansion
    Reflux failure (top) Cold side of exchanger blocked-in
    Reflux failure (sidestream) Fire
    Accidental Mixing Exchanger tube rupture
    Overfilling The “10/13 rule”
    Operator intervention General power failure
    Accumulation of non-condensibles Local power failure
    Control valve failure Blocked-in fired heater
    Consider control valve bypass? Loss of heat
    Loss of absorbent
    Gas blow-through (blow-by) Inadvertent loss of segregation
    Failure of automatic controls Vacuum?
    28
    START-UP / SHUTDOWN CONDITIONS
    PROCESS SAFETY

    29
    PROCESS SAFETY

    30
    PROCESS SAFETY

    31
    Gracias!!!

    32

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