Directions: In the column on the /eft hand side are eight (8) of the most essential terms for this unit's content. In the second column are the definitions. In the third column, define the term in your own words; use the final column to write a sentence using the word on your own. 1920s & 193(’s | Unit 7 | Vocabulary Chart Key Terms Definition Definition in your own words Sentence Finance Management of money Economy Wealth and resources of a country, in terms of production and consumption of goods and services Prosperity State of success economically, having wealth Depression Severe downtum in the economy Employment __| the condition of having pad work Debt ‘Something that is owed or due Stock Market —_| Collection of markets where investments in companies are traded Consumer Person who purchases goods and services for personal useConsumerism in the 1920’s Objective — What was the consumer culture of the 1920's? Historical Contextualization: Carefully examine the graph and complete the observation/inference chart below. Use the chart to answer the contextualization questions on the next page. Percentage of Households with Electricity vs. Year Observations (make at least 4) Inferences (make at least 3)Historical Contextualization - Analysis Questions: 1) Close Reading: Which year was the first year that more than 50% of American households had electricity? 2) Analysis: What are some other things Americans might have wanted in their homes once they got electricity? (Hint: think about household items that run on electricity, for example: refrigorators.] 9) Analysis: How might the widespread availability of electricity have Impacted consumerism in the 1920's? [Note: consumerism is the theory that increasing the consumption or purchase of good is desirable.) 4) Contextualization: What economic characteristics of the Gilded Age might have helped to contribute towards consumerism in the 1920's?THE NEW STANDARD OF LIVING: standard of living. ‘SHELTER: More apartment living Electric lights Radios More attractive villas Electric appliances Phonographs Washing machines Telephones Furnaces and oil heaters Refrigeration Five-foot shelves Plumbing and bathtubs Sleeping porches Glittering cocktail services Overstuffed furniture And less space Primary Source Document #1: Consumer Goods Stuart Chase Prosperity: Fact or Myth? 1929 helpful to list again the speci CLOTHING: More variety More accent on underwear More fat reducers More style More commercial laundry Permanent waves More silk pressing, and cleaning work More colorful vestments for men Rayon More cosmetics And poorer quality FOOD: '* More variety with fewer calories More attractive service More restaurant eating More fresh vegetables More milk products More tea houses More fresh fruit More packaged foods More drugstore bars More tin cans More delicatessen shops More candy and More quick lunches More chewing gum ‘And less home cooking goods, services and qualities which comprise the new American SUNDRY [Misc.|: © Motor cars © More golf Moving and talking pictures © Clubs, including night clubs * More traveling + More new children’s toys More high school and college education Mote books More cigarettes More magazines More jazz More comic strips More parks & playgrounds . eeeove And more noise and speed Mass consumption has also dealt a body blow at the time-honored doctrine of thrift. We are urged on the highest authority to spend rather than to save. Only by spending can we make the wheels of industry tum. We are ur blades, abandon your motor car, and purchase new... irged deliberately to waste material. Throw away your razorPrimary Source Document #1 - Analysis Questions: 1) Close Reading / Analysis: Complete the observation/inference chart below. Try to make at least 5 observations and 4 inferences. Observations (make at least 5) Inferences (make at least 4) 2) Analysis: Examine the table of goods the author suggests are things that Americans in the 1920's desire. What trends or patterns do you notice? Cite evidence from the document to support your claims. 3) Analysis: What does, “We are urged on the highest authority to spend rather than to save. Only by spending can we make the wheels of industry tum. We are urged deliberately to waste material. Throw away your razor blades, abandon your motor car, and purchase new” tell you about how often consumers were buying these goods?Primary Source Document #2: Credit New York Labor Bureau, Inc. “Installment Buying” Facts for Workers: The Labor Bureau Economic News Letter April 1926 ‘Awriter in the American Mercury reports the case of a mechanic in Texas who received, when work was available, $6 a day. Sundry [Several] high powered salesmen had sold him a second-hand automobile for which he had contracted to pay $30 a month; a set of plush and fumed-oak parlor furniture for an equal monthly sum; a piano, a gold watch, a baby carriage, and a diamond ring. The sum total of his monthly installments came to more than his total monthly wages, provided he worked every day which he didn't... . We as Americans are so loaded up with monthly payments [on the instaliment plan] that we have to cut down on pork chops and warm underwear. Already manufacturers of essentials like the Pacific Mills (textiles) and the Endicott Johnson Corporation (shoes) are finding ‘that installment buying is cutting into their business. Thus the whole national manufacturing program is liable to be made top heavy with non-essentials, while the lower income groups find themselves actually suffering because they cannot buy the necessities which the family needs. in this vicious circle there is the possibllity of a very ugly day of reckoning. . 'finstallment buying of non-essentials continues to grow as it has been growing, it is difficult to predict anything but disaster. Either the Movement must be checked, and that very soon, or else ways and means must be discovered for increasing the purchasing power of the workers. If real wages can be made to go up fast enough, they can absorb the installment burden, which leaves it pretty squarely up to the manufacturing and banking interests. If they want to sell their luxury goods and keep the country prosperous at the same time, they must increase real wages.Analysis Questions: Prim: Document #2 1) Analysis: What does “The sum total of his monthly installments came to more than his monthly wages" tell you about his financial situation? 2) Close Reading: According to this article, is it possible for the American economy to survive if people keep on buying on credit at the rates which they have been? Cite evidence to support your claims. 3) Close Reading: According to this article, what has to rise in order for the economy to stay afloat? Do you think that is a good idea for the American economy? Why or why not?Primary Source Document #3: Advertising in the 1920's Flash Cleaner, Electric Refrigerator, Radio, Model T-Ford, and Boncilla Soap Miettesiotts How do these advertisements motivate What does this ad tell you about American consumers to buy their goods? culture in the 1920's? Flash Cleaner Silent Movie Theater Advertisement Bectric Refrigerator Silent Movie Theater Advertisement Radio Advertisement from the newspaper “Successful Farmer" Model-T Ford Advertisement from national magazines Boncilla Soap Advertisement from national magazinesAtwater Kent Radio | OriginalModel T Ford | Original suecessrun raruixe 3-77 © ATWATER KENT I¢’s surer than the mail Asser eral poets png sed me roe Bee eee ae emcrstabes ay‘nga men wae rd inthe commence a atbiere imatees of ene, the Fond Frurceor ‘Sedan enjoys sual gh, vo, They veg eae tract iene Inthe cowed engages oF the bury days they ave fund always ready. always an iapere sable adjunce ta work and porore “Today ther wate meonde they panent in angeoting Th icine ape Samet ome on, ‘aon Sang ad epee, ‘ct tades of brown. a empha,