ENERGY MANAGEMENT AND SAVING

STRATEGY SOLUTIONS
Dr. Sambu Kanteh Sakiliba
PhD, B.Eng, MIET, and MIEEE

http://www.sbss.com.sa/
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 Energy
Management
And Saving
Strategy
Solutions
What Is Energy Management And
Savings Strategy?

Buildings That Have High Performance Structures And

Systems That Also Meet Certain Standards For
Reducing Energy Consumption
 Energy Management
Energy Management:

❑ Activities and procedures to ensure this is achieved

at optimum efficiency.
❑ Typically starts with purchase and covers use of
energy in buildings/processes
❑ Multidiscipline endeavour: engineering,
management, accountancy, marketing and
psychology

Once Energy (Gas, Electricity…etc) is Delivered To the

Site it Must Be Transformed Into Useful Output Such As
Heat, Light And Motive Power.
 Energy Strategy
1 Lean
•Avoid Energy Waste First

2 Clean
•Invest In Better Energy Efficiency ang Technology

3 Green
•Invest In Low Carbon Energy and Renewable Energy

ENERGY REDUCTION IS AN ESSENTIAL FIRST STEP FOR MITIGATING ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

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 Energy Audit
Identify Cost Saving Opportunities:

❑ Achieve (ISO50001) Standards

❑ Benchmark the Organisation with Measurement and

Verification Strategies

Types:

Simple Preliminary Audit (ISO50002 Type 1)

Improved Audit (ISO50002 Type 2)

Full audit (ISO50002 Type 3)

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 Metrics We Use
Savings =

(Baseline Period Energy – Reporting Period Energy) ±

Adjustments

International Performance Measurement and Verification Protocol (IPMVP)

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Our Methodology
• Energy Modelling is a simulation procedure, that aims to identify the
performances of buildings and technologies.

• Energy modelling provides energy use and energy cost forecasting

information.

• Energy modelling is capable of studying building parameters that have a

direct impact on the energy consumption and the temperature comfort
of buildings. Energy modelling

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 CASE STUDY: MASJID AL NADWA
A L M A N A R D I S TR I C T, J E D D A H , 2 3 4 6 3 , K I N G D O M O F S A UD I A R A B I A
 Zones and Environment
❑Office Scenarios and Equipment

There is no additional equipment load.

❑ Cooling

The cooling set point equals to 24°C during the occupation.

❑ Lighting

Typical value of 1.5 W/sq. ft (16.5 W/m2). We assume the existence of the
daylighting.

STUDY

The price of energy is equal to the price at the commission period, unit is 0.19 SAR= 0.05USD.
https://www.globalpetrolprices.com/Saudi-Arabia/electricity_prices/

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 Thermal Envelope of The Building
❑ Opaque Walls

oThe building structure is a cast in-situ reinforced concrete. The external walls are in-filled with blockwork and finished with tiles.

oThe internal walls compromise of loading bearing walls and another in-fill blockwork.

oNo insulation (from what we have seen) has been applied and installed.

oThe assumed conductivity for the concrete blockwork equals to 0.9 W/(K*m).

❑ Windows and Insulation

oThe windows are a mix of fixed glazed and sliding aluminum windows.

oNo solar glazing. Externally the windows are covered in decorative wall panels made from concrete,

oThe assumed heat coefficient for the window equals to 2.1 W/(K*m²), with a solar factor equals to 60%.

❑ Permeability to Air

oThe air permeability of the whole building is considered equals to 0.5 ACH.

STUDY

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Weather
❑ The climate of Saudi Arabia is known for its low relative humidity and very high temperature during the
summer.
EXAMPLE STUDY
❑ The weather file chosen for the building energy model study is an averaged weather data file from 1991 to
2010

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 Occupancy And Use Assumptions
❑ Mosques are characterized by a unique function and operating schedule that are not typical to other types of buildings.

EXAMPLE STUDY
❑ They are usually occupied five intermittent times a day all year round.

❑ Congregation usually come to the mosque at different scheduled times

❑ Maximum occupancy is expected to occur during the actual performance of prayer which lasts from about 30 to 45
minutes.

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 Simulation Results
Thermal Losses Distribution

EXAMPLE STUDY
❑ Losses through opaque walls (50%), i.e. exterior walls, high
floors and low floors; in particular, most of the low floor area
facing the crawl space remains uninsulated because of the
low height (complexity for the placement of insulators and
difficulty in evacuating the earth).

❑ Losses by the external infiltration (35%). The entrance door

which is often open explains the level of wastage.

❑ The window losses present 15% due the solar gain.

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 Simulation Results cntd. 2
❑ The electricity consumption (blue line) increases Electricity Needs
gradually during the months of June to October, due to
EXAMPLE STUDY
associated equipment that operates with the cooling
system. The electricity consumption includes lighting,
appliances, and cooling.

❑ Accordingly, the cooling system (orange line) operates

at higher rates during the same months due to the high
outdoor temperature increase.

❑ The total annual electricity consumed by lighting and

equipment over a period of year is 1611.05kWh/year.

❑ The total annual electricity consumed by the cooling

system is 30486.93kWh/year.

Considering the results presented and unit electricity price in Saudi Arabia,
The actual total annual energy cost at baseline energy circumstances, is USD0.05*32380kWh/year = USD1619.00/year== 6,070.72SAR/year.

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 Findings And Recommendations
INSULATION LEVEL IMPROVEMENTS
INVESTMENT COST
❑ The Masjid was redesigned to increment the insulation levels of the internal and external walls by 50%.

❑ The total available area to refurbish was 1755m2.

❑ Considering a cost of 1USD/m2 to increase the insulation levels, that results on a total cost of investment of USD10533== 39492.43SAR.

❑ The total annual electricity consumed by the cooling system is now 28407.36 kWh/year
❑ The losses trough the building fabric have also reduced as shown above dark and light green lines), due to the increase of building envelope
insulation levels.

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 Payback Period And Annual Energy
Savings

❑ The Return Of Investment Time is:

Baseline Energy cost- Improved energy Cost / Cost of investment= 8 Years

❑ The Annual Electricity Cost Savings are:

USD198.64/year== 744.78SAR/year.

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 Summary
❑ The improvement of the insulation of envelope must be considered.
❑ Furthermore, other building fabric can be upgraded with higher insulation levels or
increase of layer thickness of roof and window.
❑ The concept of daylighting can be used effectively. In addition, shading devices in
essential can be implemented to reduce the load consumption.
❑ The room attached in the entrance of the Masjid had a huge impact on cooling load
losses. Therefore, it would be essential to create a separate room for the entrance.
❑ Further renewable energy technology techniques such as solar photovoltaic
implementations may have a feasible and positive results to energy consumption
reduction due to the high solar energy potential.

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THANK YOU
QUESTIONS?