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Ap Energy Review SC
Ap Energy Review SC
Ap Energy Review SC
How much work is done by friction if a 20 kg block 7. A student pulls a block 3.0 meters along a horizontal
sliding at 10 m/s is slowed down to 4m/s? surface at constant velocity. The diagram below
shows the components of the force exerted on the
A) 84 joules B) 100 joules
block by the student.
C) 125 joules D) 200 joules
E) 840 joules
2. How much work is done by a 2,000 kg rocket moving
at a constant 0.5 c far from any source of gravitational
or electromagnetic force in 5 meters?
A) 0 joules B) 250 c joules
C) 250 c 2 joules D) 5,000 c joules
E) 50,000 c joules
3. How much work is done lifting a 40 newton block 2 How much work is done against friction?
meters?
A) 6 J B) 18 J C) 24 J D) 30 J E) 42 J
A) 20 joules B) 38 joules
8. A horizontal force of 40 N is used to push a block
C) 40 joules D) 42 joules
along a horizontal surface at a constant speed of 2
E) 80 joules meters per second. How much work is done on the
4. How much work is done pushing a 10 kg box up a block in 6 seconds?
frictionless 30 degree incline 5 meters high at a A) 80 J B) 120 J C) 180 J D) 240 J E) 480 J
constant rate?
9. How much work is done as a box of weight W is
A) 500 joules B) 700 joules vertically lifted with an acceleration g, to a height h?
C) 1,000 joules D) 1,500 joules
E) 2,000 joules A) Wh
B) Whg 2
5. A 30 newton box is being pushed at a constant rate. C) Wh
The coefficient of friction is 0.1 what is the work g
done pushing the box 10 meters against friction?
D) 2Wh
A) 3 joules B) 10 joules g
C) 15 joules D) 30 joules E) 2Wh
E) 60 joules 10. If L, M and T denote the dimensions of length, mass,
6. In order to demonstrate some concepts of physics, a and time, respectively, what are the dimensions of
physics teacher pushes against a wall with a force of energy?
300 N for 5 s. As you can imagine, the wall remains A) M/T 2 B) ML/T 2
stationary. How much work does the teacher do on
C) ML 2/T 2 D) M/L 2
the wall in this time period?
E) T2/M
A) 0 J B) 0.017 J
11. A person lifts a box with a mass of 2.0 kg from the
C) 60 J D) 750 J
ground to a shelf 0.5 m high. The work that gravity
E) 1500 J does on the box is equal to
A) –10 J B) –5 J C) 0 J D) 5 J E) 10 J
12. An object with a mass of 2 kg is attached to the end
of a 3 m long string and is whirled horizontally in a
circle with a constant speed of 5 m/s. When the
object has traveled half a revolution, how much
work has been done by the centripetal force?
A) 0 J B) 50 J
C) 100 J D) 150 J 16. A block of mass M is pulled by a constant force F at
E) 300 J an angle of 30° relative to the ground for a distance
of L meters. What is the net work done?
13. A vertical force of 500 N acts on a 12 kg mass over a
horizontal displacement of 2 m. The work done by A) MLFcos30
the force is B) LFcos30
C) Lcos30
A) 0 J B) 24 J
D) Fcos30
C) 1000 J D) 6000 J
ML
E) 12000 J
E) MLcos30
F
17. Which of the following is not a vector quantity?
A) Torque B) Velocity
C) Work D) Momentum
E) Force
18. If a 5,000 kg runaway truck is traveling 30 m/s, how
high must a ramp be to bring the truck to a complete
14. A woman pushes a lawn mower with a force of F at
stop?
an angle to the ground. If F = 20N and = 30°,
what is the net work done in moving the lawnmower A) 25 meters B) 45 meters
5m? C) 90 meters D) 1,80 meters
A) 25 J B) 50 J E) 250 meters
C) 86.67 J D) 14.4 J 19. A 1 kg radio controlled car is traveling at 10 m/s.
E) 35 J When the car is 5 meters from a cliff the operator
hits the brakes. How much force is required to stop
15. A ball of mass 16 kg on the end of a string is spun at
the car?
a constant speed of 2.0 m/s in a horizontal circle
with a radius of 1 m. What is the work done by the A) 5 newtons B) 10 newtons
centripetal force during one complete revolution? C) 20 newtons D) 50 newtons
A) 0 J B) 16 J C) 32 J D) 8 J E) 4 J E) 100 newtons
20. Just before hitting a nail, a 2 kg hammer is moving
at 10 m/s just before it hits a nail. If the wood exerts
a constant 180 newton force on the nail, how far
does the nail go?
A) 0.1 meters B) 0.6 meters
C) 1 meter D) 2 meters
E) 4 meters
21. A 10 newton block sliding on a frictionless surface 26. A person does 100 joules of work in pulling back the
goes up a ramp 3 meters high. If the block is initially string of a bow. What will be the initial speed of a
traveling at 10 m/s what is the final velocity of the 0.5-kilogram arrow when it is fired from the bow?
block?
A) 20 m/s B) 50 m/s
A) 5 m/s B) 7 m/s C) 200 m/s D) 400 m/s
C) 10 m/s D) 30 m/s E) 800 m/s
E) 40 m/s 27. Which of the following graphs best represents the
22. If a 200 kg cart going 30 m/s brakes with a force of kinetic energy K of a particle as a function of the
1,000 newtons how far will it travel before coming momentum p of the particle?
to a stop?
A) B)
A) 9 meters B) 18 meters
C) 90 meters D) 180 meters
E) 900 meters
23. Which of the following is true of a 1 kg mass and a 5 C) D)
kg mass that both fall from rest from the same
height?
A) the force felt due to gravity is the same on both
masses
B) their initial potential energies are equal 28. A 100 W motor propels an object with a mass of 4
C) they lose potential energy at the same rate kg for 2 s from rest. Its final velocity will be
D) they have the same kinetic energy upon hitting A) 5 m/s B) 10 m/s
the ground C) 20 m/s D) 40 m/s
E) their accelerations are equal E) 100 m/s
24. What happens to the energy of a bouncing ball as it 29. An object with a mass of 2 kg increases in speed
hits the ground with a certain downward velocity? from 4 m/s to 12 m/s in 3 s. The total work
A) Gravitational Potential energy is converted into performed on the object during this time is
kinetic energy. A) 16 J B) 64 J C) 128 J D) 256 J E) 512 J
B) Elastic Potential Energy is converted into
30. A rail gun is able to accelerate a projectile with a
gravitational potential energy
mass of 4 kg from rest to 100 m/s in 5 s. Calculate
C) Kinetic energy is converted into heat energy. the work done on the projectile by the force of the
D) Kinetic energy is converted into elastic rail gun.
potential energy and heat.
E) Kinetic energy is converted into gravitational A) 1.0 × 10 2 J
energy. B) 5.0 × 10 2 J
C) 2.0 × 10 4 J
25. If an object sliding on a rough surface experiences
D) 1.0 × 10 5 J
an increase in kinetic energy of E while it is pushed
by a constant force F through a distance d, what is E) Cannot be determined from the information
the force to due to friction? provided.
A) F d – E B) (Fd – E)/d
C) (F – E)/d D) Fd
E) E/d – F
Base your answers to questions 35 through 37 on the
picture below, which represents a plane 10 m in
length with a coefficient of kinetic friction of 0.2,
inclined at an angle of 53º. A block of weight 30 N
is placed at the top of the plane and allowed to slide
31. Two balls of equal size are dropped from the same down.
height from the roof of a building. One ball has mass
M and the other has a mass 2M. When the balls
reach the ground, how do the kinetic energies of the
two balls compare? (Neglect friction)
A) M has one-fourth the kinetic energy of 2M.
B) M has one-half the kinetic energy of 2M.
C) M has the same amount of kinetic energy as
2M.
D) M has twice the amount of kinetic energy as
2M.
E) M has four times the amount of kinetic energy
as 2M.
32. How much energy is required to stop a car of mass 35. The work done on the block by friction during its 10
100 kg traveling at 25 m/s? m slide down the plane is most nearly
A) 1,150 J B) 21,150 J A) 10 J B) 12.0 J
C) 31,250 J D) 32,250 J C) 18 J D) 24 J
E) 42,250 J E) 36 J
33. A car with kinetic energy 20,000 J travels along a 36. The work done on the block by the gravitational
horizontal road. How much work is required to stop force during its 10 meter slide down the plane is
the car in 5 s? most nearly
A) 0 J B) 20,000 J A) 60 J B) 180 J C) 260 J D) 300 J E) 390 J
C) 4,000 J D) 8,000 J 37. The velocity of the block after its 10 m slide down
E) 16,000 J the plane is most nearly
34. An object at rest weighs 100 N on earth. It gains A) 8.2 m/s B) 8.6 m/s
100 J of kinetic energy. What is its velocity? C) 8.9 m/s D) 9.7 m/s
A) m/s B) m/s E) 10.0 m/s
C) m/s D) m/s
E) m/s 38. A block of mass m moving with initial velocity v 0
moves over a rough surface with coefficient of
kinetic friction ƒ. How long does it take for the block
to come to a complete stop?
A) B)
C) D)
E)
39. A particle is fired straight up out of a cannon. 41. If the object has a mass of 1.4 kg, what is its velocity
Which of the following graphs best represents its at 5.0 m?
kinetic energy K as a function of time t?
A) 0.2 m/s B) 2.0 m/s
A) B) C) 5.0 m/s D) 9.25 m/s
E) 15 m/s
42. An object that starts at rest from the origin is pushed
by a constant force of 10 N has a position given by x
(t) = 5t 2. What is the power delivered to the object
C) D) by the force at time t = 1 s?
A) 50 J B) 50 W
C) 100 J D) 100 W
E) 125 W
E) 43. If the power delivered to an object by a force acting
on it is given by P(t) = t 3 – 2t and the velocity of
the object is given by v(t) = 2t, what is the force
acting on the object in terms of t?
A) F(t) = t 3 – 4t
Base your answers to questions 40 and 41 on B) F(t) = t 3
the force vs. distance graph below, which is for an C) F(t) = t 2/2 – 1
object being pushed along a straight line, starting at D) F(t) = 3t 2 – 2
rest. E) More information is needed to determine the
force
44. If a force moves an object of mass m so that its
velocity is given by v(t) = 4t – 2, what is the power
exerted by that force?
A) 0.5m(4t – 2) 2 B) 4m(4t – 2)
C) 4m(2t 2 – 2t) D) 4m
E) m(4t – 2)
45. What is the expression of the kinetic energy of an
object of mass 5 kg whose acceleration is given by a
(t) = 4t – 5 and that is initially at rest?
A) 5(4t – 5) B) 5(2t 2 – 5t)
C) 5(2t 2 – 5t) 2 D) 2.5(2t 2 – 5t) 2
E) 2.5(4t – 5) 2
40. After the object has moved a distance of 2.0 m, how
much work has been done on it?
A) 5 J B) 10 J C) 15 J D) 20 J E) 25 J
46. An object with an initial potential energy k 52. The potential energy of an object is given by
experiences a conservative force given by F(x) = x 2 U(x) = 0.5kx 2 + 3kx, where U is in joules, x is in
+ 2 over the interval 0 × 2. What is the meters and k is a constant. What is the force acting
equation for the potential energy U of this object? on the object when x = 0?
A) U(x) = x 3/3 + 2x + k A) –3k B) –k C) Zero D) k E) 3k
B) U(x) = –x 3/3 – 2x – k 53. A 50 kg car travels along a straight track along the x
C) U(x) = –x 3/3 – 2x + k -axis according to the equation x(t) = t2 + 4t + 5,
D) U(x) = –x 3/3 – 2x where x is in meters and t is in seconds. What is the
E) U(x) = x 3/3 + 2x car’s kinetic energy after 1 s?
47. An object is pushed by a force given by F(x) = 6x – A) 900 J B) 1000 J
4. What is the amount of work done to push the C) 1500 J D) 2000 J
object 4 m. E) 2705 J
A) 16 J B) 20 J C) 32 J D) 44 J E) 80 J 54. A force given by F(x) = 6x + 3x2 acts upon a
48. The velocity of an object of mass m is given by the projectile that starts from rest at the origin. How
equation v = 2x + 4. What is an expression for the much work is done on the 5 kg projectile if it travels
kinetic energy of the object? 5 m?
77. A block of mass m is sliding on a frictionless surface
with velocity v. If the block is acted on by a force F
for a distance x what is its new velocity?
C) D)
A) B)
C) D)
E)
73. Which graph below best represents the relationship
between the potential energy stored in a spring (PE) 78. A block of mass m is attached to a placed on a
and the change in the length of the spring from its vertical spring with force constant k. If the spring is
equilibrium position (X)? depressed a distance x, what is maximum height
A) B) reached by the block?
A) B) C) D) E)
C) D)
79. A student drops a 0.02 N coin from a 4 meter high 83. If an object is released at the beginning of the track,
window onto a spring with a constant of 0.01 N/cm. which of the following is true at point E?
How far is the spring depressed? Neglect air
A) It is in static equilibrium
resistance.
B) It is losing kinetic energy
A) 0.0008 cm B) 0.08 cm C) It is in dynamic equilibrium
C) 2 cm D) 4 cm D) There is a net force acting on the object
E) 8 cm E) Its kinetic energy is 25 J
80. A bullet of mass m is shot into a spring with 84. At which point is an object at rest in stable
constant k. If the spring depresses a distance x equilibrium?
what was the incident velocity of the bullet?
A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E
A) B) C) D) E)
85. At which point would an object at rest be in unstable
equilibrium?
Base your answers to questions 81 through 85 on the
diagram below which shows a frictionless track. A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E
86. Units of energy include which of the following?
I. Joule
II. Ampere-volt per second
III. Volt-coulomb
A) I only. B) I and II only.
C) I and III only. D) II and III only.
E) I, II, and III.
87. A student throws a stone upward at an angle of 30°.
Which statement best describes the stone at the
81. If an object of mass 5 kg is released from rest at the highest point that it reaches?
beginning of the track, what is its velocity at point
D? A) Its acceleration is zero.
B) Its acceleration is at a maximum.
A) 1 m/s B) 1.4 m/s C) Its potential energy is at a minimum.
C) 2 m/s D) 2.2 m/s D) Its kinetic energy is at a minimum.
E) 3 m/s E) Its potential and kinetic energies are equal
82. Which of the following best describes the motion of 88. Units of energy include which of the following?
an object as it approaches point B, if it was released
from rest at the beginning of the track? I. Newton-meter
A) It is losing potential energy only. II. Ampere-volt
B) It is gaining kinetic energy only. III. Volt-coulomb
C) It is gaining potential energy and gaining A) I only. B) I and II only.
kinetic energy C) I and III only. D) II and III only.
D) It is losing potential energy and gaining kinetic E) I, II, and III.
energy
E) It is gaining heat energy, gaining kinetic
energy, and losing potential energy
89. Base your answer to the following question on the 93. A crate with mass m slides down a frictionless ramp
following situation. with length L and vertical height h. The crate's
change in kinetic energy from the top to the bottom
An object weighing 10 N swings at the end of a rope is equal to:
that is 0.72 m long as a simple pendulum. At the 2
A) mL 2
bottom of the of the swing, the tension in the string 2
B) –mL 2
is 12 N.
C) –mgh
What is the maximum height above its lowest point
D) mgh
that the object reaches?
E) Cannot be determined from the information
A) 0.036 m B) 0.060 m given.
C) 0.072 m D) 0.144 m
Base your answers to questions 94 and 95 on the
E) 0.360 m diagram below. In the diagram, a box of mass m is
90. An object is falling from a height of h in a vacuum sliding down a frictionless ramp of length L with an
and reaches a final velocity of v. When the object incline of q to the horizontal. The mass takes t
has fallen a distance of h/2, its velocity is seconds to slide down the ramp.
A) v
B) v
2
C) v
4 94. The work done by gravity on the object is equal to
D) v A) mgL
E) 4v t
91. An object with a mass of 4 kg is released from rest at B) mgLcos q
the top of a ramp with length 10 m that makes an t
angle of 30º with the horizontal. The coefficient of C) mgLcos q
kinetic friction between the block and the ramp is D) mgLsinq
0.4. The speed the block will have when it has E) Cannot be determined from the information
traveled 5 m down the ramp is most nearly given.
A) 3.9 m/s B) 5.6 m/s 95. If released from rest at the top, the velocity of the
C) 7 m/s D) 7.9 m/s block at the bottom of the ramp will be
E) 10.4 m/s
A) B)
92. A block with a mass of 10 kg slides down a
frictionless inclined plane of length 25 m and height
C) D)
20 m. It's speed at the bottom is most nearly
A) 15 m/s B) 20 m/s E)
C) 30 m/s D) 37 m/s
E) 45 m/s
96. Base your answer to the following question on the 100. A 5 kg object slides 100 m down a frictionless
following information. inclined plane dropping 45 m. It then slides along
a horizontal surface with a coefficient of kinetic
Two balls of different masses are set at a height of 3 friction of 0.75 until it stops. How long does it take
m above the ground on a frictionless table. The ball to stop after it leaves the inclined plane?
on the left is of mass 2M and the ball on the right has
A) 3.0 s B) 4.0 s
a mass of 3M. They both are released simultaneously
C) 6.0 s D) 12.0 s
and slide onto the part of the table 2m above the
ground. E) 15.0 s
101. Base your answer to the following question on the
picture below which shows a 3 kg block sliding 50
m down a frictionless inclined plane dropping a
What is the total energy of the system? distance of 30 m.
A) +1Mg B) +5Mg
C) +10Mg D) +15Mg
E) +20Mg
97. A man standing a certain height above the ground
throws a rock of mass 1 kg straight up with an initial
What is the kinetic energy of the block at the end of
velocity of 10 m/s. A few moments later, the rock
the drop?
hits the ground with a kinetic energy of 450 J. If the
man dropped this rock from rest, how much kinetic A) 90 J B) 300 J
energy would it have right before it hits the ground? C) 500 J D) 900 J
A) 100 J B) 200 J C) 300 J D) 400 J E) 500 J E) 1500 J
145. C