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Physical Science
Quarter 2 – Module 3
Light: A Wave and a Particle

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 What I Need to Know

Light is a kind of electromagnetic wave. It propagates in the form of varying

magnetic and electric field. In fact, visible light is a small part of the electromagnetic
spectrum.

As a wave, different color of light has different wavelength. The wavelength of

visible light ranges from 400nm to 700nm, for violet and red light respectively. (nm for
nanometer, which is 10-9m.

Lesson 1: Reflection and Refraction Lesson 2: Photon

Concept of Light

Learning Objectives:

1. State the different theories about reflection and refraction.

2. Demonstrate reflection and refraction properties as explained by the wave
model and the particle model of light.
3. Appreciate the contribution of Galileo and Roemer on the speed of light.
4. Explain how the photon theory of light accounts for atomic spectra.
5. Discuss why red light is used in photographic dark rooms.
6. Determine why you easily get sunburned in ultraviolet light but not in visible
light.
7. Explain how you see colors.

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 What I Know

Multiple Choice: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answers in your
notebook. One (1) point each correct answer.

1. Which of the following is Sir Isaac Newton’s theory that explains light as a particle?
a. Corpuscular Theory c. Quantum Theory
b. Electromagnetic Wave Theory d. Wave Theory

2. What happens when light hits a smooth surface?

a. Bent around corners c. Reflected
b. Polarized d. Refracted

3. A stick partly submerged obliquely in water appears to be bent at a point where it

enters the water surface. Which one of the following gives explanation for this
observation?
a. Dispersion of light on entering water
b. Light does not travel in straight line in water.
c. Diffraction of light by the surface of the water
d. Refraction of light due to differences in speed of light in air

4. What did the experiment of Galileo and Roemer want to prove?

a. The speed of light is finite c. The speed of light is slow
b. The speed of light is infinite d. The speed of light is immeasurable

5. Which of the following did Roemer study closely that led him to measure the speed
of light?
a. The time of orbit of Io around Jupiter.
b. The revolution of Io around Jupiter.
c. The rotation of Io around Jupiter.
d. The time of rotation of Io on its axis.

6. Which of the following statement is TRUE in the idea of Roemer about the speed of
light?
a. When Earth is farther away from Jupiter, light needs shorter time to reach
Earth.
b. When Earth is closer to Jupiter, light needs shorter time to reach the Earth.
c. When the Earth is closer to Jupiter, light needs longer time to reach the Earth.
d. When Earth is farther away from Jupiter, light needs the same time to reach
Earth.

7. Which of the following explains reflection of light by its particle nature?

a. It acts the same way as a ball that hits a surface.
b. It acts like a sound wave that echoes when it hits a surface.
c. It is an electromagnetic wave.
d. It has the fastest speed.
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8. Which of the following theories of light explain its reflection property?
a. The theory states that light acts like sound wave that echoes when it hits a
surface.
b. The theory states that light reflects according to its angle and produces an
upright image.
c. The theory states that light is an electromagnetic wave.
d. The theory states that light has the fastest speed.

9. Which of the following statements is true about atomic spectra?

a. It is an energy given to the electron.
b. It is a series of colored lines with black spaces in between.
c. It is also called photons.
d. It is discrete bundle of electromagnetic energy moving at the speed of light.

10. How is frequency related to the energy that an electron carries?

a. Increasing the frequency would increase the energy of the ejected electrons.
b. Increasing the frequency would decrease the energy of the ejected electrons.
c. Increasing the frequency would not change the energy of the ejected electrons.
d. Increasing the frequency would split the energy of the ejected electrons.

11. Why other colors cannot be used in a photographic dark room other than red?
a. Violet has the lowest frequency compared to the rest of the colors which means
it also has least amount of energy just enough not to damage the film in a
photographic dark room.
b. Other colors have the greater frequency compared to red which means they also
have greater amount of energy that can damage the film in the photographic
dark room.
c. Red has the highest frequency compare compared to the rest of the colors which
means it also has the least amount of energy just enough not to damage the
film in a photographic dark room.
d. Red has the highest frequency compared to the rest of the colors which means
it also has the highest amount of energy just enough not to damage the film in
a photographic dark room.

12. Which of the following is NOT true why do we get easily sunburned by ultraviolet
light but not under the visible light?
a. Ultraviolet radiation has greater frequency than visible light.
b. Ultraviolet radiation has greater energy than visible light.
c. Ultraviolet has longer wavelengths and greater frequency than visible light.
d. Ultraviolet light has shorter wavelengths and greater frequency than visible
light.

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13. Which of the following is NOT true about colors?
a. It is not innate to objects. c. It is innate to objects.
b. It only exists in the human visual system. d. It is determined by
frequencies.

14. Who the famous scientist who first developed the concept of photon?
a. Isaac Newton b. Albert Einstein c. Aristotle d. Max Planck

15. What particles make up of light?

a. Protons b. Neutrons c. Electrons d. Photons

Lesson

1 Reflection and Refraction

Learning Objectives:

1. State the different theories about reflection and refraction.

2. Demonstrate reflection and refraction properties as explained by the wave model
and the particle model of light.
3. Appreciate the contribution of Galileo and Roemer on the speed of light.

What’s In

In your previous Science classes, you have learned about the distinction
between Newton’s First Law of Motion (or Law of Inertia) and Galileo’s idea of motion.
To check your understanding please answer the following questions:

1. What do you call the tendency of any material to change its state of motion?
2. What will happen to the rolling ball based on the idea of Galileo about
motion?

Figure 1. Ball rolling in a plane.

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 What’s New
Today you will learn that light could be a wave or a particle. It has properties
and speed. In this activity, you will find out what will happen to a ray of light as it
strikes a smooth surface.

Activity 1 How
do I Look?

Material: Beauty kit mirror

Procedures:
1. Get a beauty kit mirror.
2. Hold the beauty kit mirror 1 foot away from you.
Guide questions:
1. What did you see on the mirror?
What is It
2. Explain your observation.
In the activity that you had performed, you observed that light is a wave and when it
struck a surface it bounced back. In this lesson, you will learn about the nature of
light and its properties specifically reflection and refraction properties.

1.1 Theories about the Nature of Light

There were two prominent theories about the nature of light back in the
seventeenth century. These are the wave theory and the particle theory.

The Wave Theory of Light

In 1690, Christiaan Huygens, a Dutch astronomer and physicist, proposed the

wave theory of light. This theory states that light is a longitudinal wave transmitted
through an aether ‒ a mystical substance that exists and fills all the spaces in the
universe. He believed that the aether moved in the same direction as light, and formed
a wave which carried the light waves

The Corpuscular Theory of Light

In 1675, Isaac Newton proposed the corpuscular theory, also known as the
particle theory of light. This theory states that light was composed of tiny particles
called corpuscles. According to Newton, light traveled through a vacuum in a straight
line, and cannot be considered as a wave.

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1.2 Properties of Light

Reflection

Reflection occurs when light bounces back as it hits a reflecting surface, such
as a mirror. This phenomenon can be described using light rays. The ray of light that
hits the reflecting surface is called an incident ray. After hitting the surface, it bounces
off as a reflected ray. The incident ray and the reflected ray form angles with the
normal line, which is a line perpendicular to the reflecting surface. These angles are
called angle of incidence and angle of reflection, respectively. The relationship
between the angle of incidence and the angle of reflection is illustrated in the law of
reflection. This law states that the angle of incidence, the angle of reflection, and the
normal line are found on the same plane; and the angle of incidence is equal to the
angle of reflection.

Figure 2. Reflection of Light

Types of Reflection

There are two types of reflection: regular reflection and irregular reflection.

• Regular reflection, also known as specular reflection occurs when light

strikes a smooth surface like a mirror, and light rays are reflected in one
direction.
• Irregular reflection or diffuse reflection occurs when light strikes a rough
surface, and light rays are reflected in random directions.

Figure 3. Types of Reflection

According to the wave theory, when light waves struck a mirror, they are
reflected according to their angles, but the wave turned back to front and produced a
reversed image. The shape of the waves depends on the distance of light from the

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mirror. Just like sound waves, which echoes upon striking a surface, light waves
behave the same way.

Figure 4. Particles and Waves reflected by a Mirror.

In the particle theory, an emitted light, whether near or far, is reflected as it

arrives at the mirror surface. A huge number of particles travel side by side with each
other and they bounce at different directions upon reaching the interphase, producing
a reversed image as depicted in the figure above. Light reflects the same way as a ball
hits a surface.

Refraction

Refraction is the bending of light due to the change in its speed when it
obliquely passes two different media. When light travels from a medium with a low
refractive index to a medium with a higher refractive index, it slows down and refracts
closer to the normal line. On the other hand, when light travels from a medium with a
high refractive index to a medium with a lower refractive index, it speeds up and
refracts away from the normal line. The light ray that is entering a different medium is
called the incident ray while the bent ray is called the refracted ray.

Figure 5. Refraction of Light

Refractive index or Index of Refraction describes how light propagates

through a medium. A higher refractive index means the light propagates slower, and
its direction changes more upon entering a medium. A lower refractive index means
the light travels faster, and its direction changes less upon entering a medium.

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 According to the wave theory, when a beam of light travels into two different
refractive indices, the beam undergoes refraction by changing its direction as it passes
from the first medium into the next medium. Some of the light waves would pass
through, while the rest of the waves travel at a slower rate in the first medium due to
the high refractive index of the second medium. Since the wave front is traveling at
two different speeds, it will bend in the second medium thus, changing the angle of
propagation.
Just like how the sound
waves and water
waves refract, light
follows the same way.

Figure 6. Refraction of Particles and Waves.

On the other hand, the particle theory of light suggested that when the light
particles pass through a medium like water, they experience an attractive force
towards the water. When light passes from air (less dense medium) to water (denser
medium), it slows down and bends towards the normal which means away from the
surface.
Activity 2 Bent Pencil

Materials: 1 transparent glass, water, pencil

Procedures:

1. Get a glass half-filled with water.

2. Place a pencil in this glass of water 3. Look
at the pencil at the top of the glass.
4. Look from the side of the glass.
5. Remove the pencil out of the water.
Figure 7. Glass with water and pencil.
Guide Questions:

1. Is there a difference between the way the pencil looks in water and the way
it looks in air?
2. How does the pencil appear in water and in air?

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 3. Explain your observation.
The pencil appears bent when it is partly submerged in water. This shows that
a light ray bends as it passes from air to water. The change in direction or the bending
of light when it passes from one medium to another of different optical density is called
refraction.

1.3 The Speed of Light

In 1638, Galileo Galilei conducted an experiment to measure the speed of light

by positioning two observers, each with lanterns equipped with shutters. The time
between the openings of the shutters of the two observers indicated the time for the
light to travel back and forth between lamps. Light traveled so fast that made it
impossible to measure the time interval with just using the shutters. This led to his
basic principle or relativity, which states that the same laws of motion are applied
to any system that is moving at a constant speed, regardless of their specific speed
and direction.

Ole Roemer in 1678 was the first person to measure the speed of light. He was
observing the orbit of Io, the closest of the four large moons of Jupiter. His goal was to
get an accurate value for the moon’s orbital period by the eclipses of Io by Jupiter. The
orbital value of Io is 1.769 Earth days. The moon is eclipsed by Jupiter once every
orbit. As the years past, Roemer noticed that the time interval between eclipses became
shorter as Earth moved toward Jupiter and longer when it moved away from it.

He concluded based on the collected data that the time difference was due to
the finite speed of light. The light coming from Jupiter had to travel farther to reach
Earth when they are on the opposite sides of the sun than when they are close to each
other. He estimated that the time required for light to travel across Earth’s diameter is
twenty minutes. Thus, the speed of light can be computed by dividing the diameter
of Earth’s orbit by the time difference.
Now you have learned the nature and properties of light. You know that when
light strikes the smooth surface it bounces back. In this activity, you will apply the
concept that you have learned.

What’s More
Activity 3. Image in Plane Mirror

Materials: Graphing paper, Plane mirror and ball pen (red and black)

Images in plane mirror

1. Draw a horizontal red line at the middle part of a sheet of graphing paper.
2. At the lower portion of the graphing paper, put three dots at different distances
from the red line. Label them A, B, and C.
3. Position a mirror at the red line (figure 8).

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 B

A
C

Figure 8. Graphing Paper and Plane Mirror.

Observe how far from the red line the point images of A, B, and C appear on the
mirror.
4. While holding the mirror on the red line, determine the distance of each point
image. Count the number of vertical lines from the base of the mirror to the
point image. Record your data in column 3.
5. Remove the mirror. Count the number of vertical lines from the red line to each
dot. Record your data in column 2 of table 1.
6. Based on your results, what can you conclude about object and image distance
in plane mirrors?
Note: Your answers will be written in a 1 whole sheet of pad paper.
Object Object distance Image distance
(no. of vertical lines) (no. of vertical lines)

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 What I Have Learned
Distinguish the difference between reflection and refraction based from the
points of comparison. Redraw table 1 in your notebook.

Activity 4. Comparison Chart: Reflection and Refraction

Table 1. Comparison Chart. Reflection and Refraction

BASIS FOR COMPARISON REFLECTION REFRACTION

Meaning

Medium

Waves

Angle of incidence

What I Can Do
To check your understanding about the topic reflection and refraction answer
the question below.

A. HOW DOES LIGHT REFLECT?

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A reflecting ray is shown in the diagram below. Identify the parts shown by number.

Incident ray Normal Angle of reflection

Reflected ray Angle of incidence

Choose your answers inside the box.

1. ___________________
2. ___________________
3. ___________________
4. ___________________ 5. ___________________
Figure 9. How does light reflect?
B. Refraction: Choose the correct word/s from the diagram and write it on your
notebook.

Figure 10. Application of Refraction of Light

1. a. In the diagram, light is passing from (glass to air, air to glass)

b. Glass is (more, less) dense than air.
2. The light is hitting the glass (at an angle, straight on).
3. The light (is, is not) bending. It (is, is not) being refracted.
4. The light being refracted (toward, away) from the normal.
5. Write the part of the Law of refraction that explains why this is happening.

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 Great work! You did a good job in applying what you have learned

Lesson

2 Photon Concept of Light

Learning Objectives:

1. Explain how the photon theory of light accounts for atomic spectra.
2. Discuss why red light is used in photographic dark rooms.
3. Determine why you easily get sunburned in ultraviolet light but not in visible
light.
4. Explain how you see colors.

What’s In

In your previous topic, you’ve learned about how the propagation of light,
properties of light like reflection, and refraction as explained by the wave model and
the particle model of light. Answer the following questions based on your
understanding of the previous lesson.

1. What happen to the ray of light when it strikes the smooth

surface?

2. What is the measure of the angle of reflection, if the measure of

the angle of incidence is 40o?

3. Why the speed of light changes as it passes from air to glass?

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 What’s New
To let you understand the concept of light, below is a simple
activity on light. Before you start, please prepare first the materials
needed and read the procedures carefully. As part of your documentation, you may
take pictures in every activity.

Activity 1. What’s My Color?

Materials:

1 red flower 1 red cellophane

1 green leaf 1 blue cellophane
1 cotton ball 1 green cellophane

Procedures:

1. Get three (3) different colored pieces of cellophane (red, blue, and green) one red
flower, one green leaf, and a cotton ball.
2. Place each object behind each cellophane one at a time.
3. Write the color of the object when it is placed behind each colored cellophane.
4. Copy the table in your notebook and write your observation.

Table 2. What's My Color?

OBJECT RED CELLOPHANE BLUE CELLOPHANE GREEN CELLOPHANE

Red flower
Green leaf
Cotton ball

Good job! You may now answer the question provided below.

Guide question:

1. What happened to the color of the objects when they passed through the colored
screen like cellophane?

Now you are ready to learn more!

What is It

In the activity that you had performed, you have seen that light can be absorbed,
reflected and transmitted. The colors of the objects depend upon the light is reflected.
In this lesson, you will learn about the Photon Theory of Light and the visible spectrum.
Atoms are composed of electrons, protons, and neutrons. Inside an atom, electrons
are located at specific energy levels, and they can move to higher energy level when
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given a certain amount of energy, for example through collisions with light. What is
light made of? This is not an easy question. Light has no mass and it is not really
considered matter. We couldn’t live without light. Light is unique that it behaves like
both a particle and a wave.

In this module, you will learn about light as a wave and a particle, photon theory of
light accounts for atomic spectra, red light uses in photographic dark rooms, reasons
why we get sunburned in ultraviolet light but not in in visible light and how we see
colors. Light is important in our everyday life. Natural light or daylight is the source
of life. Plants using light to make their own food in the process of photosynthesis.
Human beings are using light as the source of energy, for seeing, identifying colors
and many more. We need light in order to do work and provide our necessities. Life is
not possible without light. Human and animals will not exist without the presence of
light. There are a lot of practical applications can be applied in the concept of light as
a wave and a particle. Such as sunbathing, photosynthesis, and color of objects. In
sunbathing, UV light has higher frequency than visible light and has a sufficient
energy that can cause skin damage. In photosynthesis, chlorophyll reflects green light
and absorbs red and blue most strongly. And the color of an object we see depends on
the color reflects or absorbs on the spectrum. Later on, you will find out how light
affects our daily lives

2.1 The Photon Theory of Light

Light is composed of photons. Based on the photon theory of light, a photon is a

discrete bundle of electromagnetic energy moving at the speed of light, has no rest
mass but has momentum and carries energy. This energy is given to an electron upon
their collision, which causes it to move up to the next energy level. After about 10−8108
s, it will go back to its original level and emit light in the form of photons.

The Photoelectric Effect

The photoelectric effect refers to the ejection of electrons from a surface of a metal
in response to light directed to the metal. Albert Einstein proposed that light consisted
of individual photons, which interacted with the electrons in the surface of the metal.
For each frequency or color of the incident light, each photon carried energy. Increasing
intensity of light corresponded to increasing incident of photons while the energy of
the photons remained the same. More electrons are ejected upon the increase in
incident light. Increasing the frequency of light would increase the energy of the ejected
electrons. The energy carried by a photon is directly proportional to its frequency. The
arrangement of the visible spectrum of light shows that red color has the least
frequency, which means it also has the least energy. Since photographers use light-
sensitive photographic papers, red light would not overexpose and ruin the pictures
during the developing process.

2.2 Color Spectra

Colors are not innate to objects. They give off light that appears as colors.
Colors only exist in the human visual system and is determined by frequencies.
When light reaches the eye, it falls into a receptor cell at the back of the eye or retina
and gives signals to the brain, which interprets the image with colors.

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 Figure 11. Color Spectra.

Colors are based on frequencies. Given an ample bright light at around 400 THz, a
person would be able to perceive a dull red. As the frequency increases, the color
gradually changes from red to violet.

Figure 12. Color Frequency and Wavelength.

2.3 The Colors of Objects

Why objects appeared to have colors? Example red rose? Green leaf? Why do you see
things around you?

The Colors in Light

Sunlight separates into different colors, called visible spectrum, as it passes through
a prism. The spectrum consists of colors of the rainbow: red, orange, yellow, green,
blue, indigo and violet colors. The most prominent colors are red, green and blue.
These are the colors which our eyes are most sensitive to. Red, green and blue (RGB)

17
are the three primary colors in light. Different combinations of these colors result in
other colors. See examples in figure 14.

Addition of Primary
Color of Light

Yellow Magenta
Red + Blue = Magenta
Red + Green = Yellow
Blue + Green = Cyan
Red + Green + Blue = Figure 13. Addition of Primary Color of Light
White

Color of Opaque Objects

When white light falls on an object which does not transmit light, one of the three
things happens:

1. All of the colors in white light may be reflected, in which case the object will appear
white.
2. Some of the colors may be reflected, in which case the object appears colored.
3. All the colors are absorbed by the object, in which case the object appears black.
For example, a red shirt looks red because it absorbed the wavelengths of light from
violet/blue end of the spectrum. A leaf of a plant is green because it reflects green
light. See the illustration below.

Reflects1. Red
2. Orange
Appears3. Red Orange
ROYGBI

Paper absorbs YGBIV

Figure 14. Absorption and Reflection of Light.

2.4 Ultraviolet Radiation

Different colors of light have photons of different energies. Based on the frequency and
wavelength in a visible light, red has low frequency and long wavelength, which means
that it contains less energy. Blue, on the other hand, has high frequency and short
wavelength, which means it contains more energy. Beyond the visible light, the
ultraviolet light has greater frequency and shorter wavelength, which means it carries
greater energy than the visible light. This explains why we easily get sunburned
under the ultraviolet rays of light than under the visible light.
What’s More
Activity 2. Color of Objects

A. Determine the color of light that will result in the combination below:
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 Blue 1 Green Cyan 2 Red

B. Determine what color(s) of light will be reflected and the color appearance of the
paper.

3. 5.
4. 6.

What I Have Learned

Complete the statements by writing the appropriate word/s. Write your answer in
your notebook.

1. The term _____ waves commonly used for electromagnetic regions in or near the
visible region. It belongs to a family of waves that include radio waves, microwaves,
and X-rays.
2. Based on the ______ theory of light, a photon is a discrete bundle of electromagnetic
energy moving at the speed of light, has no rest mass but has momentum, and
carries energy. This energy is given to an electron upon their collision, which causes
it to move up to the next energy level. After about 10−810-8 s, it will go back to its
original level and emit light in the form of photons.
3. The emitted light has a certain wavelength that corresponds to different colors and
can be observed as a series of colored lines with black spaces in between is called
__________.
4. A ___________ rooms used to process photographic film, to make prints and to carry
out other associated tasks. A room that can be made completely dark to allow the
processing of the light-sensitive photographic materials, including film and
photographic paper.
5. _________light has greater frequency and shorter wavelength, which means it
carries greater energy. It can also cause sunburns. If too much of it hits your skin,
it can damage your skin cells.
6. _________light, has lesser frequency and longer wavelength, which means it carries
lesser energy than the ultraviolet light.
7. A ________ is a bundle of electromagnetic energy. It is the basic unit that makes up
all light. Sometimes referred to us a “quantum” of electromagnetic energy.
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What I Can Do

You will now proceed to another activity which is the Handprint.

Activity 3. Handprint Materials:

1 Construction paper (red or green work best)

1 Sunscreen (a brand that is at least SPF 30 and doesn’t contain metal oxides works
best)
4 Small rocks

Procedures:

1. Open the sunscreen and squirt a pea-sized amount onto your hand.
2. Rub the sunscreen all over the palms of your hands and the surfaces of your fingers.
Don’t rub it in so much that the sunscreen all absorbs into your skin. You should
still barely see the thin layer of sunscreen on your hands.
3. Place your hands firmly on the construction paper. Be sure to press down all of your
fingers and the palms of your hands.
4. Place the piece of construction paper outside in a sunny spot. Make sure that the
spot you choose will have constant sunlight for 3 to 4 hours.
5. Place a small rock on each corner of the sheet of paper. This will prevent the paper
from blowing away in the wind.
6. Leave the paper out in the sun for 3 to 4 hours.
7. After the long wait is over, go outside and look at your paper.
8. Write your observations in the table provided.

AREAS OF THE CONTRUCTION OBSERVATION AFTER 3 TO 4 HOURS

PAPER
With Sunscreen

Without Sunscreen

Great work! You did a good job in applying what you have learned!

Answer the following questions based on your observation on a separate of paper.

Guide questions:

1. What happened to the color of the paper?

_________________________________________________________________________

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2. What made the color of paper differ from its original color?
_________________________________________________________________________

Assessment
Multiple Choice: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answers in your
notebook. One (1) point each correct answer.

1. Which of the following is Sir Isaac Newton’s theory that explains light as a particle?
a. Corpuscular Theory c. Quantum Theory
b. Electromagnetic Wave Theory d. Wave Theory
2. What happens when light hits a smooth surface?
a. Bent around corners c. Reflected
b. Polarized d. Refracted
3. A stick partly submerged obliquely in water appears to be bent at a point where it
enters the water surface. Which one of the following gives explanation for this
observation?
a. Dispersion of light on entering water
b. Light does not travel in straight line in water.
c. Diffraction of light by the surface of the water
d. Refraction of light due to differences in speed of light in air
4. What did the experiment of Galileo and Roemer want to prove?
a. The speed of light is finite c. The speed of light is slow
b. The speed of light is infinite d. The speed of light is immeasurable
5. Which of the following did Roemer study closely that led him to measure the speed
of light?
a. The time of orbit of Io around Jupiter. c. The rotation of Io around Jupiter.
b. The revolution of Io around Jupiter. d. The time of rotation of Io on its axis.
6. Which of the following statement is TRUE in the idea of Roemer about the speed of
light?
a. When Earth is farther away from Jupiter, light needs shorter time to reach
Earth.
b. When Earth is closer to Jupiter, light needs shorter time to reach the Earth.
c. When the Earth is closer to Jupiter, light needs longer time to reach the Earth.
d. When Earth is farther away from Jupiter, light needs the same time to reach
Earth.
7. Which of the following explains reflection of light by its particle nature?
a. It acts the same way as a ball that hits a surface.
b. It acts like a sound wave that echoes when it hits a surface.
c. It is an electromagnetic wave.
d. It has the fastest speed.
8. How can the wave nature of light explain its reflection property?
a. The theory states that light acts like sound wave that echoes when it hits a
surface.

21
 b. The theory states that light reflects according to its angle and produces an
upright image.
c. The theory states that light is an electromagnetic wave.
d. The theory states that light has the fastest speed.
9. Which of the following statements is true about atomic spectra?
a. It is an energy given to the electron.
b. It is a series of colored lines with black spaces in between.
c. It is also called photons.
d. It is discrete bundle of electromagnetic energy moving at the speed of light.
10. How is frequency related to the energy that an electron carries?
a. Increasing the frequency would increase the energy of the ejected electrons.
b. Increasing the frequency would decrease the energy of the ejected electrons.
c. Increasing the frequency would not change the energy of the ejected electrons.
d. Increasing the frequency would split the energy of the ejected electrons.

11. Why other colors cannot be used in a photographic dark room other than red?
a. Violet has the lowest frequency compared to the rest of the colors which means
it also has least amount of energy just enough not to damage the film in a
photographic dark room.
b. Other colors have the greater frequency compared to red which means they also
have greater amount of energy that can damage the film in the photographic
dark room.
c. Red has the highest frequency compare compared to the rest of the colors which
means it also has the least amount of energy just enough not to damage the
film in a photographic dark room.
d. Red has the highest frequency compared to the rest of the colors which means
it also has the highest amount of energy just enough not to damage the film in
a photographic dark room.
12. Which of the following is NOT true why do we get easily sunburned by ultraviolet
light but not under the visible light?
a. Ultraviolet radiation has greater frequency than visible light.
b. Ultraviolet radiation has greater energy than visible light.
c. Ultraviolet has longer wavelengths and greater frequency than visible light.
d. Ultraviolet light has shorter wavelengths and greater frequency than visible
light.
13. Which of the following is NOT true about colors?
a. It is not innate to objects.
b. It only exists in the human visual system.
c. It is innate to objects.
d. It is determined by frequencies.
14. Who is the famous scientist who first developed the concept of photon?
a. Isaac Newton b. Albert Einstein c. Aristotle d. Max Planck 15.
What particles make up of light?
a. Protons b. Neutrons c. Electrons d. Photons

22
 Additional Activities
Light is a wave and a particle. It changes its speed when it passes from one
transparent material to another. It bounces when it strikes a smooth surface. It has
different frequencies and wavelengths. It can be absorbed, and transmitted by opaque
objects. Make a concept map about light. Write a word or group of words that are
associated to light. Write it in a 1 whole sheet of paper.

Light

23
Answer Key

LESSON 1

24
25
References:

Pabellon, J., Austria, A., Bacay, V., Bentillo, E., Cervantes, V., Clemente, C., Galvez,
F.,
Mendoza, A., Nalda, N., Portugal, H., Rodriguez, E. and Tubal, G., 1992. The Behavior
of Light
First Edition, Book Media Press, Inc., pp. 314-325, 391-395
Pabellon, J., Austria, A., Bacay, V., Bentillo, E., Cervantes, V., Clemente, C., Galvez,
F.,
Mendoza, A., Nalda, N., Portugal, H., Rodriguez, E. and Tubal, G., 2009. Reflection and
Mirrors,
Reprinted Edition, Book Media Press, Inc., pp. 37-39, 52-53
Shipman, J., Wilson, J., Higgins, C. and Torres, O. 2016. An Introduction to Physical
Science
14 th Edition. Anvil Publishing Inc., pp. 306-338
Deauna, M., Eusebio, R., Eusebio E. and Catris, L. 2001. The World of Physics. SIBS
Publishing House Inc., pp.354-376
Admesy., 2018. What is the True Nature of Light?. Available
;https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=14979> [Accessed 15 October
2020].
Smellie, W.. 2020 Photoelectric effect Encyclopedia Britannica, Available at
https://www.britannica.com/science/photoelectric-effect> [Accessed 16 October
2020].
Helmenstine, A., 2018. Examples of Organic Chemistry in Everyday Life. Available at
https://www.thoughtco.com/organic-chemistry-in-everyday-life-608694>
[Accessed 15 October 2020].
Helmenstine, A., 2020. The Visible Spectrum: Wavelengths and Colors. Available at
https://www.thoughtco.com/understand-the-visible-spectrum-608329> [Accessed
14 October2020].
Jones, A., 2018. What Is a Photon in Physics? Available at
https://www.thoughtco.com/what-is-a-photon-definition-and-
properties2699039> [Accessed 15 October 2020].

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 EDITOR’S NOTE

This Self-learning Module (SLM) was developed by DepEd

SOCCSKSARGEN with the primary objective of preparing for and
addressing the new normal. Contents of this module were based on
DepEd’s Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC). This is a
supplementary material to be used by all learners of
SOCCSKSARGEN Region in all public schools beginning SY
20202021. The process of LR development was observed in the
production of this module. This is version 1.0. We highly encourage
feedback, comments, and recommendations

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – SOCCSKSARGEN

Learning Resource Management System (LRMS)

Regional Center, Brgy. Carpenter Hill, City of Koronadal

Telefax No.: (083) 2288825/ (083) 2281893
Email Address: region12@deped.gov.ph