Maria Rhodora B.

Bitbit Reading in Philippine History

BSME 2B 21123170

Activity Worksheet:

1. Compare and Contrast the Primary and Secondary Sources (can be through the table, Venn diagram, paragraph, etc.) in terms of
Author, Author's background, publication date, publisher, etc.

Primary Source: Santiago Alvarez's Memoirs of the General

Secondary Source: Teodoro Agoncillo's Revolt of the Masses

2. Derive a conclusion or an analysis from the perspective of primary and secondary sources: It should explicitly seek to answer
the question, "why are they classified as primary and secondary sources? what are the indications? Expand."

Author, Author's background Publication Date Publisher

Primary Source: Santiago Alvarez Tagalog text of General Alvarez’s Ateneo De Manila
Santiago (July 25, 1872 - October 30, 1930) memoirs was serialized in thirty-six University Press, original
Alvarez's Revolutionary general, founder and installments, from July 24,1927 to tagalog.
Memoirs of the honorary president of the first April 15, 1928, in the Tagalog The Katipunan and the
General directorate of the Nacionalista weekly, Sampagita, and which up Revolution: Memoirs of a
Party. until this present publication has not General with the Original
Known as Kidlat ng Apoy been readily available to researchers. Tagalog Text. By
(Lightning of Fire). "Hero of the (first published on 1920s) SANTIAGO V. ALVAREZ.
Battle of Dalahican" Published by the Ateneo de Manila Translated by PAULA
University in 1992 and reprinted in CAROLINA S. MALAY.
1996. Introduction by RUBY R.
PAREDES. Manila: Ateneo
de Manila University Press,
1992. Pp. xx, 476. Maps,
Diagram, Index.
Secondary Teodoro Agoncillo The Revolt of the Masses is the The University of the
Source: (November 9, 1912 – January 14, published version of a manuscript Philippines Press, Quezon
Teodoro 1985) that, according to Agoncillo, he wrote City
Agoncillo's Historian. Historiography in a four-month period from late
Revolt of the (presumably October) 1947 to
Masses January 1948.
was published in 1956.

Primary sources are documents, images or artifacts that provide firsthand testimony or direct evidence concerning an historical
topic under research investigation. While secondary sources are based on these primary sources. The Revolt of the Masses by
Teodoro Agoncillo is considered a secondary source because it was written in order to hook the present onto the past. The book
was based on the violent events of the 1940s, such as the Japanese occupation, theoretical independence in 1943, Liberation,
independence from the United States, and the start of the Cold War. In the Memoirs of the General by Santiago Alvarez, it narrates
the personal experiences and observations of its author as a general during the Philippine Revolution. Alvarez gives direct
information based from first-hand experiences and observation from the event and publish it through a book.

Reference links:
https://kahimyang.com/kauswagan/articles/1245/today-in-philippine-history-july-25-1872-santiago-alvarez-was-born-in-imus-cavite
https://www.goodreads.com/en/book/show/5663803-the-revolt-of-the-masses
https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-southeast-asian-studies/article/abs/katipunan-and-the-revolution-memoirs-of-a-general-with-the-original-
tagalog-text-by-santiago-v-alvarez-translated-by-paula-carolina-s-malay-introduction-by-ruby-r-paredes-manila-ateneo-de-manila-university-press-1992-pp-xx-
476-maps-diagram-index/EAD66D64380B1D5A85D80A895A3A784E
https://www.studocu.com/ph/document/polytechnic-university-of-the-philippines/bachelor-of-science-in-accountancy/riph-1-na/14944455#:~:text=by%20the
%20Spanish.-,And%20this%20book%20Katipunan%20and%20the%20Revolution%3A%20Memoirs%20of%20a,1992%20and%20reprinted%20in%201996.
https://kyoto-seas.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/490306.pdf
https://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/handle/10635/52236
https://www.studocu.com/ph/document/polytechnic-university-of-the-philippines/bachelor-of-science-in-accountancy/riph-1-na/14944455