ULDIS ZARINS

ANATOMY
OF FACIAL

EXPRESSION
面部表情解剖学
中文参考(仅骨骼部分)
 目录

骨骼

肌肉
 面部表情

韧带和肌肉

面部表情编码系统 （Fa c i a l A c t i o n C o d i n g Sy s t e m ）动作单元

骨 骼
 头骨的主要部分

MA JOR BONES OF THE SKULL

 头骨的主要部分

MA JOR BONES OF THE SKULL

 头骨的主要部分

MA JOR BONES OF THE SKULL

 头骨的主要部分

MA JOR BONES OF THE SKULL

FRONTAL BONE 额骨 PARIETAL BONE 顶骨

NASAL BONE 鼻骨 SPHENOID BONE 蝶骨
ZYGOMATIC BONE 颧[quán]骨 TEMPORAL BONE 颞骨
MAXILLA 上颌骨 OCCIPITAL BONE 枕骨
MANDIBLE 下颌骨 LACRIMAL BONE 泪骨
 头骨的表面形状

TOPOGRAPHY OF THE SKULL

FRONTAL EMINENCES 额结节

SUPERCILIARY ARCHES 眉弓
GLABELLA 眉间
SUPERIOR ORBITAL MARGIN 眶上缘
LATERAL ORBITAL MARGIN 眶外侧缘
MEDIAL ORBITAL MARGIN 眶内侧缘
INFERIOR ORBITAL MARGIN 眶下缘
ANTERIOR NASAL SPINE 前鼻棘
ORBITAL CAVITY 眼窝
ORBITAL MARGIN 眼眶
INFRAORBITAL FOSSA 眶下窝
NASAL CAVITY 鼻腔
ALVEOLAR PROCESSES 齿槽突
MASTOID PROCESS 乳突
TEMPORAL FOSSA 颞窝
 头骨的表面形状

TOPOGRAPHY OF THE SKULL

ZYGOMATIC ARCH 颧弓
EAR APERTURE 外耳门
INFRATEMPORAL FOSSA 颞下窝
MANDIBULAR FOSSA 下颌窝
FORAMEN MAGNUM 枕骨大孔
RAMUS OF THE MANDIBLE 下颌支
BODY OF THE MANDIBLE 下颌体
MENTAL TUBERCLE 颏[kē]结节
MENTAL PROTUBERANCE 颏[kē]隆突
CORONOID PROCESS 冠突
MANDIBULAR NOTCH 下颌切迹
CONDYLAR PROCESS OF THE MANDIBLE 下颌骨髁突

BASE OF THE MANDIBLE 下颌底

ANGLE OF THE MANDIBLE 下颌角
TEMPORAL LINE 颞[niè]线
 头骨的表面形状

TOPOGRAPHY OF THE SKULL

INCISIVE FOSSA (maxilla) 切牙窝（上颌）

CANINE EMINENCE (maxilla) 尖牙隆突（上颌）

CANINE FOSSA (maxilla) 尖牙窝（上颌）

ANTERIOR BORDER OF THE RAMUS 下颌支前缘

OBLIQUE LINE OF THE MANDIBLE 下颌骨外斜线

FRONTAL PROCESS (maxilla) 额突(上颌）

ZYGOMATIC PROCESS (frontal) 颧突（额骨）？

FRONTAL PROCESS (zygomatic) 额突（颧骨）？

BODY (zygomatic bone) 颧骨主体

MAXILLARY BORDER (zygomatic) 上颌缘（颞骨）？

TEMPORAL PROCESS (zygomatic) 颞突（颧骨）？

ZYGOMATIC PROCESS (temporal) 颧突（颞骨）？

 头骨的表面形状

TOPOGRAPHY OF THE SKULL

EXT. OCCIPITAL PROTUBERANCE 枕外隆突

SUPERIOR NUCHAL LINE(occipital b.) 上顶线(枕骨)

INFERIOR NUCHAL LINE (occipital b.) 下顶线（枕骨）

OCCIPITAL CREST 枕外嵴

MANDIBULAR FOSSA (sphenoid b.) 下颌窝（蝶骨）

LAT. PTERYGOID PLATE (sphenoid b.) 突外侧板（蝶骨）

MED. PTERYGOID PLATE (sphenoid b.) 突内侧板（蝶骨）

MASTOID PROCESS (sphenoid b.) 乳突（蝶骨）

OCCIPITAL CONDYLES 枕骨髁

STYL OID PROCESS (sphenoid b.) 茎突（蝶骨）

 头骨的骨点
眉骨（眶上嵴，眉弓）
BONY LANDMARKS OF THE SKULL
BROW RIDGE (or supraorbital ridge, superciliar y arch)

A Crest Of Bone Situated On The Frontal Bone Forming The Separation Between The Forehead And The Roof Of The Sockets, There Are Ridge Arches
Over Each Eye And Are Joined To One Another By A Smooth Elevation Called The Glabella ; The Arches With Prominent Glabella Can Form A Single
Ridge Running Above The Eyes. Masculine People Tend To Have Thicker And More Obvious Brows, With A Forehead That Angles Back Slightly, While
Women Have Flatter Brows And More Straight-up-and-down Foreheads.

前额脊（或者叫做眶上脊，眉弓）位于额骨上，分离前额以及眼窝，每只眼睛上都有圆拱并且与另一个只眼连成一
个平滑的弧度，称为 眉间（印堂） ，突起的 眉间 能在两眼上形成单个拱形。男性具有更加厚且明显的眉骨，眉骨稍
稍向后倾斜；女性的眉骨则更加平坦并且额上下趋于平直。
 头骨的骨点
头骨的骨点
眉骨（眶上嵴，眉弓）
BONY LANDMARKS OF THE SKULL
眉骨（眶上嵴，眉弓）
BROW RIDGE (or supraorbital ridge, superciliar y arch)
 *艺用美术中似乎一般使用"额结节"
故把所有"Frontal Eminence"翻译成"额结节"

头骨的骨点
头骨的骨点
额结节
BONY LANDMARKS
额结节 OF THE SKULL
FRONTAL EMINENCE
A F r o n t a l E m i n e n c e ( o r Tu b e r F r o n t a l e ) Re f e r s To O n e O r Tw o Ro u n d e d E l e va t i o n s O n T h e F r o n t a l b o n e
A b o v e T h e S u p e r c i l i a r y A r c h . F r o n t a l E m i n e n c e s Va r y I n S i z e I n D i f f e r e n t I n d i v i d u a l s A n d a r e E s p e c i a l l y
P r o m i n e n t I n Yo u n g A n d F e m a l e S k u l l s .
额角（额结节）*是指在前额眉弓之上的一个或两个圆形凸起。
对于不同的个体额角的大小不同，年轻人及女性的颅骨上额角特别突出。
 头骨的骨点
头骨的骨点
头骨的骨点
额结节
BONY LANDMARKS
额结节 OF THE SKULL
额结节
FRONTAL EMINENCE
 头骨的骨点
头骨的骨点
眼眶
BONY LANDMARKS
额结节 OF THE SKULL
ORBITAL MARGINS

The Bony Margins Of The Orbit Do Not Derive From A Single Bone, But Are Rather A Mosaic Of The
Multiple Embr yologically Distinct Structures.
眼眶并不是由单个骨骼形成的，而是由多个胚胎结构镶嵌组合而成。
SUPERIOR MARGIN 上缘( S ): IS FORMED BY THE FRONTAL BONE 由额骨形成;
INFERIOR MARGIN 外缘( I ): BY THE MAXILLARY AND ZYGOMAT IC BONES 由上颌骨和颧骨形成;
MEDIAL MARGIN 内缘( M ): LACRIMAL, FRONTAL, AND MAXILLA 泪骨，额骨和上颌骨;
LATERAL MARGIN 下缘( L ): ZYGOMATIC AND FRONTAL BONES 颧骨和额骨;

欧洲男性 欧洲女性 欧洲儿童 欧洲老年男性

EUROPEAN MALE EUROPEAN FEMALE EUROPEAN CHILD EUROPEAN ELDERLY MALE

澳大利亚男性 强壮的亚洲男性 非洲男性 亚洲男性

AUSTRALIAN MALE ROBUST ASIAN MALE AFRICAN MALE ASIAN MALE
 头骨的骨点
头骨的骨点
眼眶
BONY LANDMARKS
额结节 OF THE SKULL
ORBITAL MARGINS

女性 FEMALE

男性 MALE
 头骨的骨点
头骨的骨点
颞线
BONY LANDMARKS
额结节 OF THE SKULL
TEMPORAL LINE
Temporal Lines Are Cur ved Ridges That Are Found On Both Sides Of The Skull. On Real Live Models This Line Looks Like A Single Ridge On Each Side, But, Actually,
On The Skull There Are Two Lines With One Sitting Above The Other, Almost Parallel. The Top Line Is Called The Superior Temporal Line But, Actually, It is Where
The Temporal Fascia (1) (a tough fan-shaped aponeurosis overlying the temporalis muscle ) Attaches. And The Lower One- The Inferior Temporal Line - Marks A
Place Of Attachment For The Temporalis Muscle (2) Attaches And Begins.
In Realistic Figurative Art Terms, The Temporal Line Is Usually Used For The Superior Temporal Line. The Temporal Line Runs Along The Side Of The Head Across
Two Separate Frontal Bones (3), Which Form The Forehead, And The Parietal Bones (4) That Form The "roof" Of The Head.
Most Of The Temporal Line Is Obscured By Hair (unless, of course, the Individual In question is losing their hair)
Temporal Lines Are Landmarks That Can Appear Prominent On Older Males.

颞线由长在头骨两侧的弯曲脊线，在仿真模型上这条线看起来像单独一条脊，但实际在头骨上颞线是两条线，一条在另一条的上面，两线几乎平行。上面的那
条线叫作上颞线，但实际上就是颞筋膜(1)和（叠在颞肌上的一个坚韧的扇形腱膜）的连接处。下面那条线-下颞线-是颞肌(2)的起点以及连接处的标志。
在现实艺术中，颞线通常是形容上颞线，颞线沿着头部两侧穿过两个区域：形成前额的额骨(3)，以及，形成头部的“屋顶”顶骨(4)。
大部分情况下颞线都被头发遮住了（当然，除非那人脱发。）
颞线是大龄男性的显著特征。
 头骨的骨点
头骨的骨点
颞线
BONY LANDMARKS
额结节 OF THE SKULL
TEMPORAL LINE

SKULL WITH TEMPORALIS SKULL WITH TEMPORALIS MUSCLE BARE SKULL WITH MARKED TRMPORAL LINES
头骨与颞肌 头骨与无色的颞肌 裸露的头骨与颞线
 头骨的骨点
头骨的骨点
鼻骨，鼻孔和前鼻棘
BONY LANDMARKS
额结节 OF THE SKULL
NASAL BONES, NASAL APERTURE AND ANTERIOR NASAL SPINE
(1) Nasal Bones Are Two Small, Oblong Bones That Var y In Size And Form In Different individuals.
These Bones Are Mostly Responsible For The Shape Of The Nose.
(2) Anterior Nasal Aperture (pyriform Aperture) Is Usually A Pear-shaped, Bony Inlet Of the Nose,
Which Is Formed By The Nasal (1) And Maxillar y Bones.
(3) Anterior Nasal Spine Is A Sharp, Bony Process Of The Maxilla At The Lower Margin Of The Nasal Aperture (2).
It Affects The Columella-labial Angle (4) Not The Size Of The Nose.

(1)鼻骨 是两个不同尺寸并且相互独立的长方形小骨，这两个骨头决定了鼻子的形状。
(2)鼻孔（梨状孔）通常是梨形，为鼻子的骨骼部分入口，由 鼻骨(1)及上颌骨构成。
(3)鼻前棘 是位于梨状孔下缘的一个上颌骨突出，它主要影响 鼻柱唇角(4)，并不影响鼻子的尺寸。
 头骨的骨点
头骨的骨点
鼻骨，鼻孔和前鼻棘
BONY LANDMARKS
额结节 OF THE SKULL
NASAL BONES, NASAL APERTURE AND ANTERIOR NASAL SPINE

GENERALIZED DIFFERENCES IN SHAPES OF NASAL APERTURES(2) BETWEEN INDIVIDUALS

OF DIFFERENT REGIONAL ANCESTRIES.
不同人种个体之间鼻孔形状(2)的整体差异

EUROPEAN 欧洲 ASIAN 亚洲 AUSTRALIAN 澳大利亚 AFRICAN 非洲

RELATIONS BETWEEN BONY STRUCTURE AND SOFT TISSUE WITHIN

INDIVIDUAL M ORPHOLOGICAL VARIABILITIES
包含个体形态差异在内的骨骼结构以及软组织间的关系
 头骨的骨点
头骨的骨点
下颌骨的下颌角
BONY LANDMARKS
额结节 OF THE SKULL
GONIAL ANGLE OF THE MANDIBLE

Gonial Angle Is The Angle Formed By The Junction Of The Posterior And Lower Borders of The Mandible
下颌角是指下颌骨的 后缘 与 下部边界 的交点处所形成的角度。

GONIAL ANGLE FEMININE GONIAL ANGLE MASCULINEGONIAL ANGLE ELDER GONIAL ANGLE
OF NEWBORN OF MANDIBLE OF MANDIBLE OF EDENTATE MANDIBLE
新生儿的下颌角 女性化下颌骨的下颌角 男性化下颌骨的下颌角 老年化无牙下颌骨的下颌角
135°-150° 120°-145° 100°-120° 125°-145°

FEMININE AND MASCULINE GONIAL ANGLE

女性化的和男性化的下颌角
 头骨的骨点
头骨的骨点
头骨的骨点
下颌骨的下颌角
BONY LANDMARKS
下颌骨的下颌角
额结节 OF THE SKULL
GONIAL ANGLE OF THE MANDIBLE

NEWBORN ADULT EDENTATED ELDERLY

新生儿 成年人 老年人

①MAXILLA上颌骨 ② MANDIBLE下颌骨 ③ALVEOLAR PROCESSES 齿槽突

WHY DO ELDERLY TOOTHLESS PEOPLE HAVE PROTRUDING CHINS?

为什么没有牙齿的老人下巴会突出？
When Teeth Are Lost, The Lack Of Stimulation Causes Loss (melting) Of Alveolar Processes And An Increase In Gonial Angle.
This Is A Well-recognized Feature Of Mandibular Aging In The Edentate Person. However, The Height Of The
Posterior Border (Ramus) And Length Of Lower Borders (body Of Mandible) Remains The Same.
当失去牙齿以后，由于缺少填充支撑导致齿槽部分慢慢窄以及下颌角的增大。
这是没有牙齿的人下颌老龄化的一个最大特征。然而 下颌支后缘 的高度以及 下颌体下缘 的长度是不变的。

NO TOOTH LOSS TOOTH AND INCREASE IN THE PROTRUDING CHIN

没掉牙 BONE VOLUME LOSS GONIAL ANGLE 突出的下巴
牙齿脱落和骨量流失 下颌角角度增加
 头骨
男性和女性头骨的主要不同之处
SKULL
MAIN DIFFERENCES BETWEEN MALE AND FEMALE SKULLS
 头骨
男性和女性头骨的主要不同之处
SKULL
MAIN DIFFERENCES BETWEEN MALE AND FEMALE SKULLS

MALE 男性 FEMALE 女性
LARGER, MORE RUGGED SMALLER, SMOOTHER, MOREGRACILE
SKULL IN GENERAL 头骨大体形状 较大，更凹凸不平 较小，较为平滑，更加纤细

ZYGOMATIC PROCESS 颧骨凸起 LARGER较大 SMALLER较小

LARGER, BROADER, TENDS SMALL, TENDS TO BE PARABOLIC OR

PALATE 颚 TO BE U-SHAPED较大，较宽，倾向U型 MORE V-SHAPED 小，倾向于抛物线状或V型

RAMUS OF THE MANDIBLE MORE VERTICAL, ANGLE CLOSE

OBTUSE ANGL钝角E
下颌支 TO RIGHT ANGLE更加垂直，角度接近直角
TENDS TO HAVE A SQUARE SHAPE TENDS TO HAVE POINTED CHIN SHAPE
MANDIBLE 下颌骨 倾向于方形 倾向尖下巴

SUPERCILIARY ARCHES 眉弓 WELL-DEMARCATED边界清晰 ABSENT /SLIGHT边界无/轻微可见

GLABELLA 眉间 MORE PROMINENT较突出 LESS PROINENT较不突出

SQUARED, LOWER, BLUNT MARGINS ROUNDED, HIGHER, SHARP MARGINS
ORBITS 眼眶 方形，较低，边缘较钝 圆形，较高，边缘锋利

FRONTAL EMINENCES 额结节 MORE PROMINENT较突出 LESS PROMINENT较不突出

TEMPORAL LINES 颞线 WELL DEMARCATED 边界清晰 POORLY DEFINE 很难辨认

MASTOID PROCESS 乳突 LARGE大 SMALL小

 头骨
头骨随年龄的形状变化
SKULL
AGE-RELATED MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES OF THE SKULL

新生儿

儿童

成年人

老年人
 头骨
男性和女性头骨的主要不同之处
SKULL
AGE-RELATED MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES OF THE SKULL
The Skull Of The Newborn Baby Has A Disproportionately Large Cranium Relative To The Facial Skeleton ,
As Compared To An Adult Skull In Childhood, The Growth Of The Mandible And The Alveolar
processes Of The Mandible (1) And Maxilla, Results In A Great Increase In The Length Of The Face .
相比成年人，新生儿的颅骨拥有和 面部骨骼 不成比例的大 头盖骨 。童年时期下颌骨(1)及下颌骨的牙槽突发育会大幅度增加 脸部 长度。

In Old Age, One Prominent Change Isthatthe

Eye Sockets Become Wider And Longer.
老年时期一个比较明显的变化就是 眼窝 变宽边长。

In The Skull Of The Newborn, The Bones Of

the Vault Are Not Yet Fused At Its Sutu Re
unes, But Are Separated By Unossified AT BIRTH THE NASAL CAVITIES LIE ALMOST ENTIRELY
Membranous Inter vals Called Fontanelles (2). BETWEEN THE ORBITS .
新生儿头骨头顶骨骼尚未融合， 刚出生时,鼻腔 几乎完全位于 眼眶 之间。
被称为囱门(2)的未形成骨头的膜所隔开。
 头骨
主流人种的一些头骨形态特征
SKULL
SOME MORPHOLOGICAL TRAfTS OF THE SKULL OF MA JOR GROUPS OF REGIONAL ANCESTRY

欧洲人

（男性，40岁）

非洲人

（男性，40岁）

东亚人

（男性，40岁）

澳大利亚土著

（男性，40岁）

THE MORPHOLOGY OF THE SKULLS VARIES MORE WITHIN MA JOR RACIAL

GROUPS THAN AMONG THE GROUPS THEMSELVES
头骨形态特征在种族之间的变化比种族内的变化大
 头骨
主流人种的一些头骨形态特征
SKULL
SOME MORPHOLOGICAL TRAfTS OF THE SKULL OF MA JOR GROUPS OF REGIONAL ANCESTRY

EUROPEAN AFRICAN AFRICAN INDIGENOUS AUSTRALIAN

欧洲人 非洲人 东亚人 澳大利亚土著

矢状面（sagittal plane）是一种解剖学的专业词语。
解剖学为了更好的研究人体,虚构出来的三个面其中的一个。
是将人体分为左右两部分的面,不管是不是对等的,
只要是左右两部分就是矢状面,而左右对等的面被称为正中矢状面。

INDIGENOUS
EUROPEAN AFRICAN AFRICAN
AUSTRALIAN
欧洲人 非洲人 东亚人
澳大利亚土著
SAGITTAL CONTOUR HIGH ROUNDED HIGHLY VARIABLE ARCHED PARABOLIC
矢状轮廓 高度浑圆 变化较大 拱形 抛物线状

FACIAL PROFILE ORTHOGNATIC PROGNATHIC MEDIUM TO FAT PROGNATHIC

面部侧貌 正颌 突出 中等至平坦 突出

CHIN PROJECTION PROMINENT REDUCED MODERATE REDUCED

下巴突起 突出 内收 中等 内收

ORBITAL FORM ROUND TO ANGULAR RECTANGULAR ROUND ANGULAR

眼窝形状 圆形至棱角分明 矩形 圆形 棱角分明

BROW RIDGES PROMINENT MODERATE REDUCED TO ABSENT VERY PROMINENT

眉骨 突出 中等突出 较平不明显 非常突出
FORM OF THE
REDUCED REDUCED PROJECTING PROJECTING
CHEEK BONE
较平 较平 突出 突出
颧骨形状
NASAL PROFILE STRAIGHT STRAIGHT TO CONCAVE CONCAVE CONCAVE
鼻腔外形 平直 平直至凹陷 凹陷 凹陷

NASAL OPENING NARROW TO MEDIUM WIDE, ROUNDED NARROW TO WIDE WIDE

鼻腔开口 窄到中等 宽，浑圆 宽到窄 宽

THE MORPHOLOGY OF THE SKULLS VARIES MORE WITHIN MA JOR RACIAL

GROUPS THAN AMONG THE GROUPS THEMSELVES
头骨形态特征在种族之间的变化比种族内的变化大
肌 肉
头部肌肉

正 面
头部肌肉

3/4正 面
头部肌肉

侧 面
头部肌肉

3/4背 面
头部肌肉

背 面
头部肌肉

顶 面
 头部肌肉

正 面

GALEA APONEUROTICA 帽状腱膜 NASALIS (transverse portion) 鼻肌（横向部分）

FRONTALIS 额肌 L.L.S.A.N* 提上唇鼻翼肌

TEMPORALIS 颞肌 ZYGOMATICUS MINOR 颧小肌

PROCERUS 降眉间肌 ZYGOMATICUS MA JOR 颧大肌

DEPRESSOR SUPERCILII 降眉肌 LEVATOR LABII SUPERIORIS 提上唇肌

ORBICULARIS OCULI 眼轮匝肌 DEPRESSOR SEPTI NASI 降鼻中隔肌

* Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi muscle
提上唇鼻翼肌
 头部肌肉

3/4正 面

LEVATOR ANGULI ORIS 提口角肌 DEPRESSOR ANGULI ORIS 降口角肌

ORBICULARIS ORIS 口轮匝肌 MENTALIS 颏肌

MODIOLUS 口角轴 COMPRESSOR NARIUM MINOR 鼻孔压肌

MASSETER 咬肌 DILATOR NARIS ANTERIOR 前鼻孔张肌

DEPRESSOR LABII INFERIORIS 降下唇肌 NASALIS (alar portion) 鼻肌（鼻翼部分）

RISORIUS 笑肌 BUCCINATOR 颊肌
 头部肌肉

侧 面

GALEA APONEUROTICA 帽状腱膜 PROCERUS 降眉间肌

FRONTALIS 额肌 L.L.S.A.N* 提上唇鼻翼肌

TEMPORALIS 颞肌 NASALIS 鼻肌

DEPRESSOR SUPERCILII 降眉肌 DILATOR NARIS ANTERIOR 前鼻孔张肌

ORBICULARIS OCULI 眼轮匝肌 COMPRESSOR NARIUM MINOR 鼻孔压肌

OCCIPITALIS 枕肌 NASALIS (alar portion) 鼻肌（鼻翼部分）

* Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi muscle
提上唇鼻翼肌
 头部肌肉

3/4背 面

DEPRESSOR SEPTI NASI 降鼻中隔肌 BUCCINATOR 颊肌

LEVATOR LABII SUPERIORIS 提上唇肌 LEVATOR ANGULI ORIS 提口角肌

MODIOLUS 口角轴 DEPRESSOR LABII INFERIORS 降下唇肌

ZYGOMATICUS MA JOR 颧大肌 MENTALIS 颏肌

MASSETER 咬肌 DEPRESSOR ANGULI ORIS 降口角肌

ZYGOMATICUS MINOR 颧小肌 RISORIUS 笑肌

头部肌肉

背 面
 头部肌肉

顶 面

GALEA APONEUROTICA 帽状腱膜 FRONTALIS 额肌

TEMPORALIS 颞肌 NASALIS 鼻肌
OCCIPITALIS 枕肌 PROCERUS 降眉间肌
 头部肌肉
咀嚼肌和面部肌肉
BONY LANDMARKS OF THE SKULL
MUSCLES OF MASTICATION AND FACIAL MUSCLES

The Muscles Of The Head Can Be Divided Into Many Different Muscle Groups Differing In Functions And actions. We Will Be
Examining Only Those Muscles That Somehow Affect The Form Of The Head.
They Can Be Divided Into Two Main Groups: Muscles Of The Face , Which Are Primarily Responsible For Facial Expressions And
The Muscles Of Mastication , Which Are Responsible For Chewing.
头部的肌肉可以根据它们的功能及动作将之分成许多不同的肌肉组。这里我们只研究以某种方式影响头部形态的肌肉。
它们可以分成两大组：主要负责面部表情的 面部肌肉 ，和用于咀嚼的 咀嚼肌 。

INSERTION 插入点
ORIGIN 起点
SKIN 皮肤
FAT 脂肪
BONE 骨
 头部肌肉
咀嚼肌和面部肌肉
BONY LANDMARKS OF THE SKULL
MUSCLES OF MASTICATION AND FACIAL MUSCLES
头部区域

FRONTAL REGION 额区
GLABELLAR REGION 眉间区
ORBITAL REGION 眶区
TEMPORAL REGION 颞区
NASAL REGION 鼻区
INFRAORBITAL REGION 眶下区
ZYGOMATIC REGION 颧区
ORAL REGION 口腔
BUCCAL REGION 颊区
PAROTID-MASSETER REGION 腮腺咬肌区

MENTAL REGION 颏区
SUBMANDIBULAR TRIANGLE 下颌下三角

PARIETAL REGION 顶区
OCCIPITAL REGION 枕区
RETROMANDIBULAR FOSSA 下颌后窝
SUBMENTAL REGION 颏下区

参考资料：
https://wenku.baidu.com/view/12f3f8f6f90f76c661371a2e.htm l
头部区域

INFRAORBITAL TRIANGLE 眶下三角

SUPRAORBITAL AREA 眶上区
UPPER EYELID 上眼脸
LOWER EYELID 下眼脸
INFRAORBITAL AREA 眶下区
INFRAORBITAL SULCUS 眶下沟
TEAR TROUGH 泪槽
INFRAORBITAL FURROW 眶下?
MODIOLUS 口角轴
PHILTRUM 人中
LABIAL FISSURE 唇面沟
SUBMANDIBULAR REGION* 下颌下区

CHIN 下巴
TUBERCLE 上唇结节
VERMILION BORDER 唇红缘
GLABELLA 眉间
ROOT OF THE NOSE 山根
BRIDGE OF THE NOSE 鼻梁
TIP OF THE NOSE 鼻准
ALA (wing of the nose) ALA（鼻翼）

*Goldfinger, E. (1991 ). Human anatomy for artists,

page 69. 1st ed. New York : Oxford University Press.
*Goldfinger, E（1991）.《艺术家的人体解剖学》，
69页.第一版. 纽约：牛津大学出版社。
 额区和顶区的肌肉
枕额肌
MUSCLES OF THE FRONTAL AND PARIETAL REGIONS
OCCIPITOFRONTALIS MUSCLE

NAME OCCIPITAL BELLY (occipitalis） NAME FRONTAL BELLY (frontalis)

名称： 枕腹（枕额肌）O 名称： 额腹（额肌）F
ORIGIN SUPERIOR NUCHAL LINE上顶线( nl ), ORIGIN GALEA APONEUROTICA 帽状腱膜( G )
起始点： 起始点：
MASTOID PROCESS 乳突( M ), ORBICULARIS OCULI M., PROCERUS M.,
INSERTION GALEA APONEUROTICA 帽状腱膜( G ) INSERTION SKIN OF EYEBROW REGION
插入点： 插入点：
眼轮匝肌内侧,降眉间肌内侧,眉毛区域皮肤
ACTION MOVES THE SCALP BACK ACTION RAISES EYEBROWS AND WRINKLES FOREHEAD
功能： 控制头皮来回移动 功能： 提起眉毛和使额头产生皱纹
 额区和顶区的肌肉
枕额肌
MUSCLES OF THE FRONTAL AND PARIETAL REGIONS
OCCIPITOFRONTALIS MUSCLE

NEUTRAL
无表情

Action Units (AUs) are the fundamental actions of individual muscles or groups of muscles.
Facial Action Coding System (FACS) is a system to taxonomize human facial movements by their appearance on the face, based on a system originally
developed by a Swedish anatomist named Carl-Herman Hjortsjö . It was later adopted by Paul Ekman and Wallace V. Friesen, and published in 1978.

动作单元 表 情 单 元/表 情 活 动 单 元(AUs)是单个肌肉或肌肉群的基本动作。

面部动作编码系统(FACS)是一种系统，根据最初的系统，在面部表情上对人类面部动作进行分类
由瑞典解剖学家 Carl-Herman Hjortsjö(瑞典语)发明的。
后来保罗·埃克曼(Paul Ekman)和华莱士·v·弗里森(Wallace v . Friesen)在1978年出版了该书。
 眉间区的肌肉
皱眉肌、降眉间肌，降眉肌
MUSCLES OF THE GLABELLAR REGION
ACTION UNIT 4 (Brow Lowerer): CORRUGATOR SUPERCILII, PROCERUS,
DEPRESSOR SUPERCILII
 眉间区的肌肉
AU4(负责降眉):皱眉肌、降眉间肌，降眉肌
MUSCLES OF THE GLABELLAR REGION
ACTION UNIT 4 (Brow Lowerer): CORRUGATOR SUPERCILII, PROCERUS,
DEPRESSOR SUPERCILII
 面部肌肉
AU5(上眼睑):皱眉肌、降眉间肌，降眉肌
MUSCLES OF THE GLABELLAR REGION
ACTION UNIT 5 (Upper Lid Raiser): LEVATOR PALPEBRAE SUPERIORS AND
SUPERIOR TARSAL MUSCLES.

ORBITAL MARGIN 眼眶 SOOF (Suborbicularis Oculi Fat) 眼轮匝肌下脂肪

TARSAL PLATE 睑板 MALAR FAT (infraorbital area) 颧脂肪（眶下区）

ORBITAL SEPTUM 眶隔 SUPERIOR TARSAL MUSCLE 上睑板肌

ROOF (retro-orbicularis oculi fat)
ORBICULARIS OCULI MUSCLE 眼轮匝肌
眼轮匝肌后脂肪
LATERAL PALPEBRAL LIGAMENT
睑外侧韧带
LEVATOR PALPEBRAE SUPERIORIS 上睑提肌
韧 带 与 脂 肪
面 部 表 情
面 部 表 情 编 码 系 统