M@ZH_@B Z_@CTNC CI_K@ M@Z@BA

Z_HUIU ZIBAHM@F@B D@B @B@MNUNU CIM@^@C@B
YU@F@ HM@F@B B@AIT 
B@AIT NC@B BNM@ GI_@F
(Hrihefrhgns bnmhtneus)
bnmhtneus)
DN E\. U@C@B@ NBDH Z_NG@, K@Q@ O@_@T

G@_TF@ I\IMNB@ UNM@O@B

01.4.:4.:5>

TICBNC ZIBAHM@F@B Z_HDYC ZI_NC@B@B

ZHMNTICBNC CIM@YT@B D@B ZI_NC@B@B C@_@Q@BA

CIGIBTI_N@B CIM@YT@B D@B ZI_NC@B@B

?:0>
 

M@ZH_@B Z_@CTNC CI_K@ M@Z@BA

Z_HUIU ZIBAHM@F@B D@B @B@MNUNU CIM@^@C@B
YU@F@ HM@F@B B@AIT 
B@AIT NC@B BNM@ GI_@F
(Hrihefrhgns bnmhtneus)
bnmhtneus)
DN E\. U@C@B@ NBDH Z_NG@, K@Q@ O@_@T

G@_TF@ I\IMNB@ UNM@O@B

01.4.:4.:5>

Uio`a`n s`m`f s`tu sy`r`t ubtuc gim`bkutc`b cisigistir oirncutby`

TICBNC ZIBAHM@F@B Z_HDYC ZI_NC@B@B

ZHMNTICBNC CIM@YT@B D@B ZI_NC@B@B C@_@Q@BA

CIGIBTI_N@B CIM@YT@B D@B ZI_NC@B@B

?:0>
 

n
 

C@T@ ZIBA@BT@_ 

Uia`m` pukn d`b syucur pibumns p`bk`tc`b cip`d` Tuf`b ^`ba G`f` Is`,
`c
`cfn
fnrb
rby`
y` M`ph
M`phr`r`b
b Zr
Zr`c
`ctn
tnc
c Cirk
Cirk`` M`p`
M`p`ba
ba (ZCM
(ZCM)) y`
y`ba
ba oioirk
rkud
udum
um ”Z
”Zrh
rhsis
sis
Zibahm`f`b d`b @b`mnsns Cim`y`c`b Ys`f` Hm`f`b B`ait 
B`ait   Nc`b Bnm` Gir`f
(Hrihefrhgns bnmhtneus) 
bnmhtneus)  Dn E\. U`c`b`
U`c`b` Nbdh
Nbdh Zrng`‗
Zrng`‗ nbn d`p`t dnsimis`n
dnsimis`nc`b
c`b
sisu`n diba`b t`rait d`b w`ctu y`ba dnribe`b`c`b.
Zr
Zrh
hsis
sis pirs
pirsn`
n`p`
p`b
b pim`
pim`cs
cs`b
`b``
``b,
b, d`b
d`b pi
piby
byus
usub
ub`b
`b m` m`ph
phr`
r`b
b nb
nbnn ti
tim`
m`f
f
gimno`tc`b
gimno`tc`b chbstrnousn
chbstrnousn pignc
pigncnr`b
nr`b d`b s`r`b chbstructn
chbstructnll o`by`c
o`by`c pnf`c.
pnf`c. Z`d`
cisigp`t`b nbn pibumns giby`gp`nc`b pibaf`ra``b d`b tirng` c`snf cip`d` ;
0. Dr. Mnmn
Mnmnic
ic Uhipr
Uhiprnk`
nk`dn,
dn, @.Zn.,
@.Zn., G.Un
G.Un sim`cu
sim`cu pigongon
pigongonba ba N y`ba
y`ba tim
tim`f
`f
gigoir
gig oirnc`
nc`bb `r`f`b
`r`f`b gibaib
gibaib`n `n ”Zrhsis
”Zrhsis Zibahm
Zibahm`f`
`f`bb d`b @b`mns
@b`mnsns
ns
Cim`
Ci m`y`
y`c`
c`b
b Ys`f
Ys`f`` HmHm`f`f`b
`b B`ai
B`aitt  Nc
Nc`b
`b Bnm`
Bnm` Gir`
Gir`f f (Hrihefrhgns
bnmhtneus)   Dn E\. U`c`b` Nbdh Zrng`‗.
bnmhtneus)
?. Ng`b Gucf`ngn
Gucf`ngnb, b, GT sim`cu pigongonb
pigongonba a NN `t`s cisidn``b w`ctu
w`ctu y`ba
tim`f dnoirnc`b ubtuc gibachricsn d`b rivnsn tirf`d`p sikugm`f d`t`
d`b nblhrg`sn.
5. @b`sr
@b`srnn T`bk
T`bkububa,
a, @.
@.Zn
Zn.,
., G.,U
G.,Unn sim`c
sim`cu
u ci
citu
tu`` Zrha
Zrhar`
r`g
g Utud
Utudnn Ti
Ticb
cbnc 
nc 
Zibahm`f`b Zrhduc Zirnc`b`b.
4. E\. U`c`b` Nbdh Zrng` y`ba tim`f gigoirnc`b nznb ubtuc 
gim`cs`b`c`b Zr`ctic Cirk` M`p`ba.
9. Hr`b
Hr`batatu`
u` d`b
d`b si
sigu
gu`` pnf`
pnf`c
c y`ba
y`ba ti
tim`
m`f
f o`o`by
by`c
`c gigo
gigo`b`btu
tu d`
d`m`
m`g
g
gibyimis`nc`b m`phr`b Zr`ctnc Cirk` M`p`ba.

Zibumns giby`d`rn o`fw` m`phr`b Zr`ctnc Cirk` M`p`ba (ZCM) nbn g`snf
 k`uf d`rn cisigpurb``b, sifnbaa` crntnc d`b s`r`b y`ba gigo`baub s`ba`t
 pibumns f`r`pc`b dign piro`nc`b d`b cisigpurb``b m`phr`b nbn. @cfnrby`
 pibumns oirf`r`p sigha` m`phr`b nbn gigoirnc`b nblhrg`sn d`b g`bl``t o`an
sigu` pnf`c.

  C`r`w`ba,
C`r`w`ba, Bhvigoir 
Bhvigoir 
?:0>

  G`rtf` Ivimnb`

nn
 

D@LT@_ NUN

F`m`g`b
C@T@ ZIBA@
C@T@ ZIBA@BT@BT@_.. _.....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
... N
D@LT@_ NUN....................................
NUN..........................................................
............................................
..................................
............ Nn
D@LT@_ T@OIM….............................
T@OIM…...................................................
............................................
.............................
....... nv
D@LT@_ A@GO@_…..........................
A@GO@_…................................................
............................................
...........................
..... v
D@LT@_ M@GZN_@B...........................
M@GZN_@B.................................................
............................................
...........................
..... vn
0. ZIBD@FYMY@B........................
ZIBD@FYMY@B..............................................
............................................
.................................
........... 0
0.0. M`t`r Oim`c`ba...............................
Oim`c`ba.....................................................
............................................
........................
.. 0
0.?. Tuku`b.................................
Tuku`b.......................................................
............................................
....................................
.............. ?
0.5. G`bl``t..........................
G`bl``t................................................
............................................
.........................................
................... ?
?. TNBK@Y@B ZYUT@C@………..................
ZYUT@C@………................................................................................
.................. 5
?.0 Tnbk`u`b Ygug Nc`b Bnm` Gir`f…………………………… 5
5
?.5 Cm`snlnc`sn Nc`b Bnm` Gir`f………............
Gir`f………..................................
................................
..........
4
?.5 C`bduba`b Anzn Nc`b
Nc`b Bnm` Gir`f...............................
Gir`f..............................................
...............
4
?.4 B`ait Nc`b …………………………….........………...................
4
?.9 Zirsy`r`t`b O`f`b O`cu……………………………………….
<
?.< O`f`b Zigo`btu d`b O`f`b T`go`f`b……………………... 6
?.1 Zirsy`r`t`b Zrhduc @cfnr………………...…………………...
6
?.6 Cigubdur`b Gutu Nc`b..................................
Nc`b........................................................
...........................
.....
>
?.> _ibdigib........................
_ibdigib..............................................
............................................
........................................
..................
>
?.0: Ykn Hra`bhmiptnc……………………….…………………..…..
0:
?.00 @b`mnsns Uiagibt`sn Z`s`r……………………….………..…..
0:
?.0? @b`mnsns Ciu`ba`b………….……………………………….…
00
5. GITHDHMHAN......................
GITHDHMHAN............................................
................................................
.......................................
.............
00
5.0. Q`ctu d`b Tigp`t……….……………
Tigp`t……….………………………… ………………………. ………….
00
5.?. @m`t d`b O`f`b….............................
O`f`b…...................................................
...........................................
.....................
00
5.5. Githdi Zr`ctnc…...….........…………
Zr`ctnc…...….........………………..……… ……..………………….. …………..
00
5.?.0. Zrhsidur Zigou`t`b B`ait........................................
B`ait.................................................
.........
0?
5.?.?. Dn`ar`g @mnr Zrhsis………..................
Zrhsis ………........................................
.............................
.......
0?
  5.?.5. @b`mnsns _ibdigib....................................
_ibdigib..........................................................
..........................
....
  5.?.4. @b`mnsns Gutu…………………………...………………... 05
05
  5.?.9. @b`mnsns Ciu`ba`b Z`d` Hm`f`b B`ait……………...……
04
4. F@UNM D@B ZIGO@F@U@B………………………………………
04
4.0 Mhc`sn d`b T`t` Mit`c………………………………………….
04
4.? Uik`r`f Zirus`f``b……………………………………………
09
4.5 Utructur Hra`bns`sn…………………………………………….
0<
4.4 U`r`b` d`b Zr`s`r`b`………………………………………….
0<
4.9 @mur Zrhsis………………………………………………………
?0
4.< _ibdigib………………………………………………………..
??
4.1 Ziba`g`t`b Gutu Hra`bhmiptnc………………………………
??
4.1.0 Gutu Hra`bhmiptnc O`f`b O`cu…………………………..
??
4.1.? Gutu Hra`bhmiptnc Zrhduc @cfnr…………………………
?5
4.6. @b`mnsns Uiagibt`sn Z`s`r……………...………...……………
?4

nnn
 

4.> @b`mnsns Ciu`ba`b……………………...……………………….

?<
?<
9. CIUNGZYM@B D@B U@_@B……………………………………… ?<
9.0 Cisngpum`b……………………………………………………... ?1
9.? U`r`b…………………………………………………………….. ?>
D@LT@_ ZYUT@C@...............................
ZYUT@C@.....................................................
............................................
........................
..
M@GZN_@B…………………………………………………………….

nv
 

D@LT@_ T@OIM
F`m`g`b

0.
?. C`bduba`b
Zirsy`r`t`b Anzn
GutuNc`b
d`b Bnm` Zir 0::
Ci`g`b`b ar`gNc`b
Ci`g`b`b Lnmmit
 Lnmmit D`anba………………..…..
Oicu……………......... 4
9
5. Zirsy`r`t`b Gutu d`b Ci`g`b`b B`ait Nc`b.......................................
Nc`b......................................... 6
4. F`snm Zirfntuba`b _ibdigib...................................
_ibdigib.........................................................
..............................
........ ??
9. Bnm`n Hra`bhmiptnc O`f`b O`cu……………………………….……… ??
<. Bnm`n Uibshrn Zrhduc @cfnr………………………………………….... ?5

v
 

D@LT@_ A@GO@_ 

F`m`g`b

0. Nc`b Bnm` Gir`f (Hrihefrhgns

( Hrihefrhgns bnmhtneus)…
bnmhtneus)……………………………….. 5
?. Dn`ar`g @mnr Zrhsis……………………………………………….………. 0?
5. Zit` Mhc`sn E\. U`c`b` Nbdh Zrng`……………………………….……… 04
4. Zibirng``b O`f`b O`cu…………………………………………….…….. 01
9. Zimug`t`b…..……………………………………………………………… 01
<. Zibe`gpur`b……………………………………………………….……… 06
1. Zigoibtuc`b `dhb`b……………………………………………………... 0>
6. Zibaucus`b…………………………………………………………….
Zibaucus`b……………………………………………………………. 0>
…... ?:
>. Zibnrns`b……………………………………………………………….…... ?:
0: Zibaig`s`b…………………………………………………………..........
Zibaig`s`b………………………………………………………….......... ?0
00.Zigoicu`b……………………………………………………………...… ?0
0?.Zibyngp`b`b Oicu………………………………………………………... ?5
05. @mur pig`s`r`b dn E\. U`c`b` Nbdh Zrng`…………………………….... ?9
04. Ar`lnc Tntnc Ngp`s (OIZ)……..……...………………………………...…

vn
 

D@LT@_ M@GZN_@B
F`m`g`b
0. Utructur Hra`bns`s
`snn…………..……………………………………... 5:
?. Zr`s`r`b`
Zr`s`r`b` dn E\. U`c`b`
U`c`b` Nbdh Zrng`……………
Zrng`……………………..
………..…………..
………….. 50
5. Zirfntuba`b
Zirfntuba`b _ibdigib………………
_ibdigib…………………………… ……………………………
……………….......... 5?
4. Zibnm`n`b
Zibnm`n`b Hra`bhmiptnc
Hra`bhmiptnc O`f`b O`cu…………………
O`cu……………………………..
…………..…...
…... 55
9. Zibnm`n`b
Zibnm`n`b Hra`bhmiptnc
Hra`bhmiptnc Zrhduc
Zrhduc @cfnr…………………
@cfnr………………………………
…………….. 5<
<. On`y` Nbvist`sn……
Nbvist`sn…………………
…………………………………………………………
……………..………
..……… 4:
1. On`y` Tit`p
Tit`p d`b Tnd`c
Tnd`c Tit`p………………
Tit`p……………………………
…………………………
…………… 4?
6. @b`mnsns
@b`mnsns Ciu`ba`b……
Ciu`ba`b…………………
………………………..…………...……………
.………………....
…........
...... 45

vnn
 

0. ZIBD@FYMY@B
0.0 M`t`r Oim`c`ba
Nc`b bnm` (Hri
(Hrihef
hefrhg
rhgnsns bnmhtn
bnmhtneus
eus)) gir
girup
up`c`
`c`b
b s`m`f
s`m`f s`tu kibns nc`b
nc`b `nr 
t`w`
t`w`rr y`ba
y`ba bnm`
bnm` o`by
o`by`c
`c dnou
dnoudn
dnd`
d`y`
y`c`
c`bb c`ri
c`rib`
b` pr prhs
hspi
picb
cby`
y` y`
y`ba
ba s`s`ba
ba`t
`t
gibaubtubac`b d`b d`p`t dnk`dnc`b sio`a`n nbvist`sn k`bac` p`bk`ba, sim`nb ntu
nc`b nbn kua` gud`f dnpimnf`r` d`b d`p`t dnchbsugsn hmif sigu` g`sy`r`c`t
gigou`t nc`b bnm` gibk`dn chghdnt`s pirnc`b`b y`ba gigmncn phtibsn eucup
 o`nc ubtuc dncigo`bac`b. Nc`b bnm` ouc`b nc`b `smn Nbdhbisn` `t`u dnsiout kua`
nc`b nbtrhducsn. Nc`b nbn ons` `d` dn Nbdhbisn` c`rib` us`f` O`d`b Zibimntn`b d`b
Zibaigo`ba`b Zirnc`b`b y`ba gig`succ`bby` p`d` t`fub 0><> S ENT@TNHB @rn0:
]m 0:55 W . T`fub ?:01 `bac` prhducsn nc`b bnm` dn Nbdhbisn` gibe`p`n 0,09 kut`
thb, prhducsn nbn b`nc siois`r 5,<% d`rn t`fub sioimugby` y`ba f`by` gibe`p`n
 kugm`f 0,04 kut` thb (CCZ,
(CCZ, ?:06).
Nc`b bnm` dncib`m hmif g`sy`r`c`t c`rib` d`anbaby` gignmncn ent` r`s`
y`ba cf`s, oirw`rb` putnf oirsnf d`b tnd`c gignmncn o`by`c durn. Nc`b bnm` kua`
gign
gi gnmn
mncn
cn c`c`bd
bdub
uba`
a`b
b pr
prht
htin
inb
b eu
eucu
cupp tnba
tnbaan
an d`
d`b
b c`
c`d`d`rr mi
mig`
g`cc y`
y`ba
ba riribd
bd`f
`f,,
 oird`s`rc`b f`snm pigirncs``b m`ohr`thrnug y`ba tim`ftim` f dnm`cuc`b dnpirhmif f`snm
 o`fw` nc`b bnm` gignmncn c`bduba`b anzn siois`r 1>,1% (`nr)3 01,1% (prhtinb)3
0,5%
0,5 % (mig`c)
(mig`c),, d`b 0,5% (`ou)
(`ou) S ENT@TNHB @rn0: ]m 0:55 W. Giscnpub c`bduba`b
anznby` y`ba eucup tnbaan nc`b bnm` gigpuby`n f`ra` ku`m y`ba tirk`bac`u o`an
g`sy`r`c`t y`ntu sicnt`r _p?9.:::_p?9.::: (^umn`bth, ?:06)?:06) sifnbaa` gibahm`f
gibahm`f nc`b bnm`
gibk`dn prhduc hm`f`b sitiba`f k`dn sipirtn surngn y`ba cigudn`b d`p`t dnhm`f
m`an gibk`dn prhduc m`bkut`b sipirtn o`csh, shsns, ht`c-ht`c, b`ait, dmm girup`c`b
s`m`f s`tu e`r` ubtuc gig`bl``tc`b nc`b y`ba oirbnm`n ichbhgns ribd`f.
 B`ait girup`c`b prhduc g`c`b`b y`ba gibaaub`c`b o`f`b d`s`r d`rn
d`anba
d`a nba nc`b
nc`b mug`t
mug`t cigudn
cigudn`b`b dnanmn
dnanmnba
ba d`b dnoirn
dnoirn ougou-
ougou-ougougou,
ou, m`m
m`mu
u dneit`c 
dneit`c 
gibk`dn
gibk` dn oibtuc pirsian,
pirsian, pirsian
pirsian p`bk`ba, `t`upub
`t`upub oibtuc m`nbby`,
m`nbby`, sitim`f ntu
dnmugurn diba`b pim`pns (eh`tnba (eh`tnba d`b ori`dnba )  y`ba dnm`bkutc`b diba`b prhsis
 pibaahriba`b (Tf`mno, ?:00). B`ait girup`c`b g`c`b`b y`ba gignmncn anzn
tnbaan dnc`rib`c`b o`f`b d`s`r pibahm`f`b b`ait oir`s`m d`rn p`ba`b fiw`bn
sipirtn d`anba `y`g, d`anba s`pn, d`b d`anba nc`b (_ukn`f, Bnbsnx, d`b F`y`tn,
?:
?:05
05).). Giba
Gibahm hm`f
`f d`d`ananba
ba ncnc`b
`b gibk
gibk`d`dnn b`
b`ai
aitt d`
d`p`
p`tt gigp
gigpir irp`
p`bk
bk`b
`baa d`d`y`
y`
sngp`bby` ( siml mnli) , sim`nb ntu d`y` chbsugsn g`sy`r`c`t tirf`d`p nc`b pub `c`b
 siml mnli),
gibnba
gib nbac`t
c`t.. F`m pibtnb
pibtnba a y`ba
y`ba pirmu
pirmu dncit`f
dncit`fun
un d`m`g
d`m`g pigou`
pigou`t`b t`b b`ait
b`ait   `d`m`f
 pib`gp`c`b prhduc `cfnr, gimnputn ciutuf`b prhduc `cfnr, w`rb`, r`s`, ticstur,
d`b `rhg` (_ukn`f, Bnbsnx, d`b F`y`tn, ?:05).
E\. U`c`b` Nbdh Zrng` girup`c`b pirus`f``b pibahm`f`b y`ba oirmhc`sn
dn d`ir`f K`w` O`r`t y`ba gibaigo`bac`b oiro`a`n prhduc hm`f`b oiro`f`b
d`
d`s`
s`rr nc`b
nc`b `t`u
`t`upupubb udud`b
`ba,
a, s`m`f
s`m`f s`tub
s`tuby`
y` `d`d`m
`m`f
`f b`
b`ai
aitt . Dnf`r`
Dnf`r`pc`b
pc`b diba`b
diba`b
dnm`cs`b`c`
dnm`c s`b`c`bby`
bby` Zr`ctnc Cirk` M`p`ba nbn t`rub`/t`ru
t`rub`/t`rubn
bn Zhmnticbnc
Zhmnticbnc Cim`ut`b d`b
Zirnc`b`b C`r`w`ba d`p`t gibait`fun gutu d`b `mur prhsis pibahm`f`b b`ait
nc`b gum`n d`rn pibirng``b o`f`b o`cu fnbaa` gik`dn prhduc `cfnr, sirt` g`gpu
giba`b`mnsns us`f` pigou`t`b b`ait. E\. U`c`b` Nbdh Zrng` dnpnmnf sio`a`n
tigp`t ubtuc gim`cuc`b Zr`ctnc Cirk` M`p`ba c`rib` tigp`tby` y`ba eucup
str`tians sifnbaa` gud`f dnk`bac`u d`b sud`f gignmncn sirtnlnc`t y`ba gibk`gnb
ci`g`b`b prhduc p`ba`b y`ba dnprhducsn.

vnnn
 

Oird`s`rc`b ur`n`b dn`t`s, g`c` d`m`g pr`ctnc cirk` m`p`ba nbn pibumns
giba`g
giba`gonmonm kudum
kudum ”Zrhsi
”Zrhsiss Zibahm
Zibahm`f`
`f`b
b d`b @b`mns
@b`mnsns
ns Cim`y`
Cim`y`c`b
c`b Ys`f`
Ys`f` Hm`f`b
Hm`f`b
 B`ait  Nc`b Bnm` Gir`f (Hrihefrhgns
 B`ait (Hrihefrhgns bnmhtneus) 
bnmhtneus)  Dn E\. U`c`b` Nbdh Zrng`‗.

0.? Tuku`b
@d`pub tuku`b d`rn dnm`cs`b`c`bby` Zr`ctnc Cirk` M`p`ba nbn sio`a`n oirncut;
0) Gim`cuc`b
Gim`cuc`b prhsis
prhsis pibahm`f`
pibahm`f`bb d`b pib`ba`b`b
pib`ba`b`b b`ait 
b`ait nc`b bnm` gir`f3
?) Gibafntuba
Gibafntuba ribdig
ribdigibib p`d` sitn`p
sitn`p prhsis pibahm
pibahm`f`b
`f`b b`ait
b`ait nc`b bnm`
bnm` gir`f3
5) Gim`cuc
Gim`cuc`b
`b ukn gutu
gutu p`d`
p`d` prhd
prhduc
uc b`ait
b`ait  nc`b bnm` gir`f3
4) Gibait`fun
Gibait`fun `b`mnsns
`b`mnsns siagib
siagib p`s`r
p`s`r p`d`
p`d` prhduc
prhduc b`ait 
b`ait nc`b bnm` gir`f3
9) Gibait
Gibait`fu
`funn `b`mnsns
`b`mnsns ciu`ba`
ciu`ba`b
b prhduc
prhduc b`ait
b`ait   nc`b bnm` gir`f dn E\. U`c`b`
Nbdh Zrng`.
0.5 G`bl``t
@d`pub
@d` pub g`bl``
g`bl``tt d`rn
d`rn dnm`cs
dnm`cs`b`
`b`c`b
c`bby`
by` Zr`ctn
Zr`ctnc
c Cirk`
Cirk` M`p`ba
M`p`ba nbn sio`a`
sio`a`nn
 oirncut;
0) Gib
Gibnba
nbac`t
c`tc`b
c`b citir`g
citir`gpnm
pnm`b
`b t`rub`
t`rub`/n
/n d`m`g
d`m`g gim`cu
gim`cuc`b
c`b cian`t
cian`t`b
`b prhsis
prhsis
 pibahm`f`b d`b pib`ba`b`b b`ait 
b`ait  nc`b bnm` gir`f gum`n d`rn pibirng``b
 o`f`b o`cu fnbaa` gibk`dn
gibk`dn prhduc `cfnr3
?) Gib`go`f pibait`fu`b gibaib`n pirfntuba`b ribdigib p`d` hm`f`b b`ait
nc`b bnm` gir`f3
5) Gibnbac`tc
Gibnb ac`tc`b
`b citir`gpnm`b
citir`gpnm`b t`rub`/n
t`rub`/n d`m`g gim`cuc`b
gim`cuc`b cian`t`b
cian`t`b pibaukn`b
pibaukn`b
gutu3
4) Gib`go`f pibait`fu`b gibaib`n `b`mnsns siagib p`s`r dn E\. U`c`b` Nbdh
Zrng`3
9) Gib`go`f pibait`fu`b tirc`nt pirfntuba`b `b`mnsns ciu`ba`b hm`f`b b`ait
nc`b bnm` gir`f3
<) Gigoir
Gigoirnc`b
nc`b nblhrg`sn
nblhrg`sn tibt`ba
tibt`ba e`r` pigou`t`b
pigou`t`b b`ait,
b`ait, prhsis pirfntuba`b
pirfntuba`b
ribdigib, prhsis pibaukn`b gutu, sirt` prhsis `b`mnsns ciu`ba`b d`b siagib
 p`s`r dn E\. U`c`b` Nbdh Zrng`.

nx
 

?. TNBK@Y@B ZYUT@C@
?.0 Tnbk`u`b Ygug Nc`b Bnm` Gir`f
Nc`b bnm` gir`f (Hrihefrhgns
(Hrihefrhgns bnmhtneus)
bnmhtneus) sud`f m`g` dncib`m g`sy`r`c`t
sio`a`n nc`b chbsugsn y`ba gignmncn c`bduba`b anzn tnbaan sipirtn nc`b t`w`r 
y`ba m`nb b`gub gignmncn f`ra` y`ba eucup tirk`bac`u, Nc`b bnm` ouc`b nc`b `smn
Nbdhbisn` `t`u dnsiout kua` nc`b nbtrhducsn. Nc`b nbn ons` `d` dn Nbdhbisn` c`rib`
us`f` O`d`b Zibimntn`b d`b Zibaigo`ba`b Zirnc`b`b y`ba gig`succ`bby` p`d`
t`fub 0><> S ENT@TNHB @rn0: ]m 0:55 W .
Nc`b
Nc`b bnm`
bnm` `d
`d`m
`m`f
`f kibn
kibnss nc`b
nc`b chchbsbsug
ugsn
sn y`
y`ba
ba gign
gignmnmncn
cn oi
oibt
btuc
uc tutuou
ouf
f
gig`
gi g`bk
bk`b
`ba
a b`
b`gu
gubb pnpn
pnpnff cicis`g
s`gpnpnba
ba,, m`ku
m`ku pi
pirt
rtug
ugououf`
f`bbbby`
y` ti
tira
rahm
hmhb
hba a eip`t
eip`t
dno`
dno`bd
bdnb
nbac
ac`b
`b diba
diba`b
`b nc`b
nc`b t`w`t`w`rr y`ba
y`ba m`nbm`nb sisipi
pirt
rtnn nc
nc`b
`b guk`
guk`nrnr.. D`m`
D`m`gg
 pircigo`ba`bby`, pibimntn tnd`c f`by` gibaigo`bac`b nc`b bnm` mhc`m b`gub
dnm`cuc`b kua` pibimntn`b sie`r` aibitns ubtuc gibiguc`b kibns nc`b bnm` supir 
ehbthfby` p`d` `w`m t`fub 0>60 gubeum kibns nc`b bnm` o`ru y`ba dnoirn b`g`
rid bnln `t`u
bnln `t`u dn Nbdhbisn` phpumir diba`b b`g` bnm` gir`f (bnr`f). Uim`bkutby`,
gubeumm m`an kibns nc`b bnm` o`ru p`d` t`fub 0>>1,
gubeu 0>>1, y`ntu bnm`  anlt . \`rnit`s ubaaum
nbn girup`c`b
girup`c`b f`snm pirsnm`ba`b
pirsnm`ba`b d`rn oioir`p`
oioir`p` v`rnit`s
v`rnit`s nc`b bnm` y`ba tird`p`t
tird`p`t dn
 oioir`p` bia`r`. Fnbaa` s``t nbn, cur`ba mionf `d` sicnt`r tukuf v`rnit`s y`ba
tirs
tirsio
io`r
`r ci simu
simuru
ruf
f wnwnm`
m`y`
y`ff NbNbdh
dhbi
bisnsn`` d`b
d`b oioioi
oir`
r`p`
p` dn `b `bt`
t`r`
r`by
by`` susud`
d`f
f
dnoudnd`y`c`b sie`r` nbtibsnl S ENT@TNHB @rn0: ]m 0:55 W .

?.? Cm`snlnc`sn Nc`b Bnm` Gir`f

Gibu
Gi buru
rutt S EN
ENT@
T@TN
TNHB
HB @r
@rn0
n0: 0:55 W  cm`snln
: ]m 0:55 cm`snlnc`s
c`snn nc`b
nc`b bnm`
bnm` gir`f
gir`f `d`m`f
`d`m`f
sio`a`n oirncut;
Cnbadhg ; @bng`mn`
Lnmug ; Efhrd`t`
Uuo- lnmug ; \irtior`t`
Cim`s ; Znseis
Hrdh ; Zirefhghrpfn
Uuo- hrdh ; Zirefhnd`i
L`gnmn ; Efnemnd`i
Aibus ; Hrihefrhgns
Upisnis ; Hrihefrhgns sp

A`go`r 0; Bnm` Gir`f (Hrihefrhgns

(Hrihefrhgns bnmhtneus)
Uugoir ; @rnlnb, G (?:0<)

Nc`b bnm` p`d` `w`mby` dng`succ`b

dng`succ`b cid`m`g kibns Tnm`p
Tnm`pn`
n` bnmhtneus
bnmhtneus `t`u
nc`b d`rn ahmhba`b tnm`pn` y`ba tnd`c gibair`gn timur d`b m`rv` dn d`m`g gumut
nbducby`. B`gub sinrnba pircigo`ba`b w`ctu, nc`b bnm` dnahmhbac`b hmif p`c`r 
 pirnc`b`b cid`m`g kibns U`rhtfirhdhg bnmhtneus `t`u cimhgphc tnm`pn` gibair`gn
timur d`b m`rv`by` dn d`m`g gumut nbduc k`bt`b d`b oitnb`by`. @cfnrby` dncit`fun
 o`fw` y`ba gibair`gn timur d`b m`rv` dnd`m`g gumut nc`b bnm` f`by` nbduc 
 oitnb`by`. Cigudn`b p`c`r pirnc`b`b tirsiout gigutusc`b o`fw` b`g` nmgn`f
y`ba
y`b a tip`t
tip`t ubtuc nc`b bnm` `d`m`f
`d`m`f Hrihefrhgns bnmhtneus 
bnmhtneus  `t`u
`t`u Hrihef
Hrihefrhgns
rhgns sp.
 B`g` bnmht
bnmhtneus
neus gibbkucc`b tigp`t `s`m nc`b y`cbn Uuba`n Bnm dn Oibu` @lrnc`
S ENT@TNHB @rn0: ]m 0:55 W .

x
 

?.5 C`bduba`b Anzn Nc`b Bnm` Gir`f

Nc`b bnm` dncib`m hmif g`sy`r`c`t ouc`b c`rib` m`ku pirtugouf`b by`
y`ba eip`t, b`gub l`cthr m`nb y`ba gigpiba`rufnby` `d`m`f c`rib` d`anba nc`b
bnm`
bnm` gi
gign gnmn
mncn
cn ent`
ent` r`s`
r`s` y`
y`ba
ba cfcf`s,
`s, d`
d`bb f`
f`ra
ra`` ku
ku`m
`mby
by`` y`
y`ba
ba ti
tirk
rk`b
`bac
ac`u`u hm
hmif
if
g`syr`c`t. Uim`nb ntu d`anba nc`b bnm` gignmncn w`rb` d`anba y`ba putnf, oirsnf
d`b tnd`c
tnd`c gignmn
gignmncncn durn
durn y`ba
y`ba o`by`c
o`by`c sifnba
sifnbaa`
a` gibk`d
gibk`dnn sugoir
sugoir prhtin
prhtinb b y`ba
y`ba
gur`f sirt` gud`f dnd`p`t, c`rib` c`bduba`b anznby` y`ba eucup tnbaan sicnt`r 
01,9%.
01,9%. Utructu
Utructurr d`anba
d`anba bnm` gir`f
gir`f gnrnp
gnrnp diba`b
diba`b bnm`  anlt . Oird`s`
Oird`s`rc`
rc`b b f`snm
f`snm
 pigirncs``b m`ohr`thrnug y`ba dnm`cuc`b gibubkucc`b o`fw` bnm` anlt  bnm`  anlt  gignmncn
  gignmncn
c`bduba`b anzn siois`r 1>,1% (`nr)3 01,1% (prhtinb)3 0,5% (mig`c), d`b 0,5%
(`ou
(`ou)) S ENENT@
T@TN
TNHB
HB @rn0
@rn0: 0:55 W . B`gub
: ]m 0:55 B`gub gibugibururutt S EN
ENT@
T@TN
TNHB
HB Fn
Fnd0
d09
9 ]m 0:55
0:55 W
c`bduba`b anzn nc`b bnm` pir 0:: ar`g d`anba y`ntu; 15,65-1>,9% (c`d`r `nr),
0>,95-06,
0>,9 5-06,<9%
<9% (prhtinb),
(prhtinb), 5,90-:,99
5,90-:,99%% (mig`c),
(mig`c), d`b :,>0-0,5:
:,>0-0,5:%% (`ou).
(`ou). Uitim`f
Uitim`f
dn`g`tn f`snmby` tnd`c k`uf oiroid`, sifnbaa` dnpnmnfm`f nc`b bnm` ubtuc dnk`dnc`b
sio`a`n o`f`b o`cu pibahm`f`b b`ait c`rib` c`bduba`b anzn by` y`ba eucup
tnba
tnbaan
an.. C`bd
C`bdububa`
a`bb anzn
anzn nb
nbnn s`
s`ba
ba`t
`t pibt
pibtnb
nba
a ububtu
tucc gigi
gigibu bufn
fn bubutr
trnsn
nsn y`
y`ba
ba
dnpirmuc`b hmif tuouf.

T`oim 0. C`bduba`b Anzn Nc`b Bnm` pir 0:: ar`g D`anba

 Bh C`bduba`b Anzn Kugm`f U`tu`b
0. Ibiran 4:? ck
>< cc`m
?. Mig`c   0,1 a
- Mig`c kibuf :,910 a
- Migig`c
`c T`
T`c
c Ki
Kibu
buf
f A`bd
A`bd`` :,56< a
- Migig`c
`c T`
T`c
c Kib
Kibu
uf Tu
Tuba
baaa`m :,46< a
5. Ch
Chmistirhm 9: ga
4. Zrhtinb ?:,:6 a
9. C`rohfndr`t : a
- Uir`t : a
- Aum` : a
<. Uhdnug 9? ga
1. C`mnug 5:? ga
Uugoir; S ENT@TNHB L`t:6 ]m 0:55 W

?.4 B`ait 
B`ait nc`b
 B`ait nc`b girup`c`b hm`f`b y`ba tirou`t d`rn mug`t`b d`anba nc`b, diba`b
 pib`go`f`b ougou m`mu dncucus cigudn`b dneit`c gibk`dn oibtuc tirtibtu.
Uioimug
Uioim ug giba`m`gn
giba`m`gn prhsis
prhsis pibaahriba
pibaahriba`b,
`b, b`ait tirmionf dumu dnm`pnsn diba`b
diba`b
o`ttir   (`dhb`
(`dhb`b
b ibeir
ibeir y`ba
y`ba dnou`t
dnou`ttt d`rn
d`rn `nr,
`nr, tipuba
tipuba p`tn,
p`tn, d`b ougou-ou
ougou-ougou
gou))
cigudn
cig udn`b
`b dnm`pn
dnm`pnsn
sn m`an
m`an diba`b
diba`b tipuba
tipuba rhtn,
rhtn, m`m
m`mu
u dnahri
dnahriba
ba `t`u
`t`u ons`
ons` dnsngp
dnsngp`b
`b
tirmionf d`fumu dn lriizir
dn lriizir sioimug dnahriba (Qimmy`mnb`, L. @zng`, d`b @nsg`b,
?:05).

?.9 Zirsy`r`t`b O`f`b O`cu

O`f`b o`cu y`ba dnaub`c`b
dnaub`c`b d`m`g pigou`t`b
pigou`t`b b`ait y`ntu  lnmmit nc`b oicu
y`ba girup`c`b o`f`b sitiba`f k`dn d`rn d`anba nc`b y`ba b`btnby` `c`b dnhm`f
gibk`dn prhduc oirbnm`nb t`go`f. Zrhsis pibahm`f`b d`rn nc`b utuf gibk`dn lnmmit 
gibk`dn  lnmmit 

xn
 

tnd`c sumnt, prnbsnp

prnbsnp d`s`rby`
d`s`rby` y`ntu giba`gonm
giba`gonm d`anba
d`anba nc`b cigudn`b dnoirsnfc`b
dnoirsnfc`b
d`rn o`f`b-o`f`b y`ba tnd`c dnnbanbc`b (sipirtn tum`ba, snsnc, cumnt, dmm), sitim`f
siti m`f ntu
dneuen d`b dnoicuc`b. Lnmmit
dnoicuc`b. Lnmmit gignmncn oioir`p` ciubtuba`b sipirtn;
0. D`p`t dnaub`c`b
dnaub`c`b m`basuba
m`basuba sio`a`n
sio`a`n o`f`b o`cu ubtuc gibahm`f
gibahm`f prhduc-
prhduc-
 prhduc g`c`b`b3
?. Tnd`c
Tnd`c gignmn
gignmncn
cn o`u, oio`s d`rn tum`ba d`b durn, sifnbaa
sifnbaa`` gud`f
gud`f ubtuc 
dnchbsugsn hmif oiro`a`n c`m`ba`b3
5. Uupm`n
Uupm`n d`b f`ra`
f`ra` by`
by` rim`tnl
rim`tnl mionf
mionf st`onm3
st`onm3
4. On`y` pibyngp`b
pibyngp`b`b,`b, dnstrnousn
dnstrnousn d`b tr`bsphrt`snb
tr`bsphrt`snby`
y` mionf gur`f3
gur`f3
9. D`p`t gibafig`t
gibafig`t w`ctu
w`ctu d`b tib`a`
tib`a` cirk`3
<. Zigou`ba`
Zigou`ba`b b mngo`f
mngo`f gibk`dn
gibk`dn mionf gud`f dn`t`sn
dn`t`sn

F`m pibtnba y`ba pirmu dnpirf`tnc`b d`m`g gibahm`f lnmmit 

gibahm`f lnmmit   dnpirmuc`b d`anba
nc
nc`b
`b y`ba
`ba gignm
ignmnc
ncnn gutu
gutu tnbtnbaa
aan,
n, c`ri
c`rib`
b` knc
knc` f`m nb
nbnn titir`
r`o`
o`nc
nc`b
`b `c
`c`b
`b
giba`cno`tc`b piburub`b cig`gpu`b d`m`g gigoibtuc aim. U`m`f s`tu up`y`
ubtuc gigpirt`f`bc`b gutu d`anba nc`b `d`m`f diba`b gibk`a` sufu ribd`fby`
y`ntu
y`ntu s``t t`f`p
t`f`p pibyn`
pibyn`ba`
ba`b,
b, pibeue
pibeuen`b
n`b,, s`gp`n
s`gp`n ci t`f`p
t`f`p pibaig
pibaig`s`b `s`b.. Uie`r`
Uie`r`
hra`bhmipt
hra`b hmiptnc
nc c`r`ctirnstnc
c`r`ctirnstnc cisia`r`b
cisia`r`b o`f`b o`cu  lnmmit nc`b oicu giburut
giburut UBN
?<><;?:05 sio`a`n oirncut;
0) Cib`gp`c`b
Cib`gp`c`b;; fndup d`b ri`ctnl
ri`ctnl tirf`d`p
tirf`d`p sibtuf`b
sibtuf`b
?) O`d`b;
O`d`b; utuf, tnd`c tird`p`t
tird`p`t muc` `t`u e`e`t, tnd`c tirmnf`t
tirmnf`t aik`m` piby`cnt
piby`cnt
nc`b
5) Q`rb`;
Q`rb`; spisnlnc
spisnlnc kibns d`b eir`f
Zirsy`r`t`b gutu d`b ci`g`b`b lnmmit
ci`g`b`b lnmmit nc`b oicu d`p`t dnmnf`t p`d` T`oim ?.
T`oim ?. Zirsy`r`t`b Gutu d`b Ci`g`b`b Lnmmit
Ci`g`b`b Lnmmit Nc`b Oicu
Z`r`gitir ukn U`tu`b Zirsy`r`t`b
`. Uibshr
Uibshrnn Gnb.. 1 (sc
Gnb (schr
hr 0->
0->))
 o. Cngn`*
- Fnst`gnb*** ga/ca G`cs. 0::
e. Eig`r
Eig`r`b
`b gnc
gncrh
rho`
o` ;
- @MT Chmhbn/a G`cs. 9,: x 0:9
-  Isefirnefn` ehmn @ZG/a = 5,:
- U`mghbimm` -  Bia`tnl/?9 a
- \nornh Efhmir`i -  Bia`rnl/?9 a
d. Eig`r
Eig`r`b
`b Mha
Mha`g
`g**
- @rsib (@s) Ga/ca G`cs. 0,:
- C`dgnug (E (Ed) Ga/ca G`cs. :,0
Ga/ca G`cs. :,9**
- Gircurn (Fa) Ga/ca G`cs. :,9
Ga/ca G`cs. 0,: **
- Tng`f (Ub) Ga/ca G`cs. 4,:
- Tngo`m (Zo) Ga/ca G`cs :,5
Ga/ca G`cs :,4**
i. _isnd
_isndu
u Cngn
Cngn`*
`***
**
- Cmhr`glribnchm - Tnd`c ohmif `d`
- G`m`efnti ariib d`b
Miuefhg`m`efnti ariib - Tnd`c ohmif `d`

xnn
 

M`bkut`b T`oim ?,
Z`r`gitir ukn U`tu`b Zirsy`r`t`b
Git`ohmnt bntrhlur`bs (UIG, - Tnd`c ohmif `d`
@FD, @H[, @GH[)
l. _`eu
_`eub
b F`y`
F`y`tn
tn*
*
- Enau`thcsnb***** - Tnd`c tirditicsn

a. Lns
nsnnc` ºE G`cs -06
- Uufu pus`t
f. Z`r
Z`r`snt - Tnd`c ohmif `d`
E`t`t`b * onm` dnpirmuc`b
** ubtuc nc`b prid`thr 
*** ubtuc nc`b  sehgorhnd , emupind`i,
 phg`thgnd`i, ehrypf`ibid`i
****   onm` dnpirmuc`b
**** dnpirmuc`b ubtuc nc`b oudnd`y`
oudnd`y` `nr 
t`w`r 
***** ubtuc nc`b cir`ba
Uugoir ; (UBN ?<><;?:05)

?.< O`f`b Zigo`btu d`b O`f`b T`go`f`b

0) O`f`b Zigo`btu
O`f`b pigo`btu `d`m`f o`f`b y`ba dnaub`c`b d`m`g prhsis pib`ba`b`b d`b
 pibahm`f`b su`tu prhduc ubtuc d`p`t gigpirt`f`bc`b gutu prhduc y`ba `c`b
dnf`snmc`b. O`f`b pigo`btu d`m`g pibahm`f`b b`ait tirdnrn d`rn `nr d`b is.

(0) @nr
@nr y`ba dnaub`c`b ubtuc pib`ba`b`b d`b pibahm`f`b f`rus eucup `g`b d`b
s`bntir,oir`s`m d`rn sugoir y`ba dnnznbc`b diba`b `bac` ehmnlrhg (@bac` Z`mnba
Giguba
Gig ubacnb
cnbc`b
c`b)) g`csng
g`csng`m`m ? ubtuc
ubtuc tn`p
tn`p 0:: gm `nr.
`nr. @nr tirsio
tirsiout
ut oirtic
oirtic`b`
`b`bb
ar`g/eg¿  (?: psn). @nr ubtuc pibeuen`b d`b pibahm`f`b sioimug
gnbng`m 049,?< ar`g/eg¿ 
dnp`c`n f`rus dns`rnba `t`u diba`b pirm`cu`b m`nb sifnbaa` `nr tirsiout d`m`g
ci
ci`d
`d``b
``b oioirsn
rsnf.
f. @n
@nrr y`
y`ba
ba dnp`
dnp`c`
c`nn ub
ubtu
tuc
c ub
ubnt
nt pi
piba
bahm
hm`f
`f`b
`b f`f`ru
russ gign
gignmnmncn
cn
 pirsy`r`t`b `nr gnbug d`b dnukn sie`r` oirc`m` ci m`ohr`thrnug y`ba sud`f
dn`cridnt`sn hmif pigirnbt`f sisu`n diba`b UBN 5995;?:09.

(?) Is
Zibaaub``b is d`m`g prhsis pibahm`f`b oirtuku`b ubtuc gigpirt`f`bc`b
gutu
gut u d`b cisia`
cisia`r`b
r`b nc`b
nc`b `t`upu
`t`upub
b ubtuc
ubtuc gibaf`
gibaf`go`
go`tt pirtug
pirtugouf
ouf`b
`b o`ctirn
o`ctirn
 pibyio`o ciousuc`b p`d` nc`b y`ba ugugby` fndup p`d` sufu : ºE ― 5: ºE
( psyefhpfnmmne).
 psyefhpfnmmne). Is y`ba dnaub`
dnaub`c`b
c`b f`rus
f`rus oir`s`m
oir`s`m d`rn sugoir
sugoir `nr oirsnf d`b
sud`f gigibufn pirsy`r`t`b `nr gnbug, sirt` tnd`c ohmif tirchbt`gnb`sn sim`g`
 pib`ba`b`b d`b pibyngp`b`b. Is y`ba `c`b dnaub`c`b f`rus dnsngp`b dn tigp`t
y`ba oirsnf ubtuc gibeia`f tirk`dnby` pibum`r`b d`b chbt`gnb`sn d`rn mu`r. Ybnt
 pibahm`f`b f`rus gignmncn pirsidn``b is y`ba eucup, y`ntu piro`bdnba`b kugm`f

is y`ba tirsidn` f`rus sisu`n diba`b kugm`f o`f`b o`cu y`ba `c`b dnhm`f.

xnnn
 

?) O`f
O`f`b`b T`go`
T`go`f`b f`b
O`f`b t`go`f`b `d`m`f o`f`b y`ba siba`k` dnt`go`f `t`u dne`gpurc`b ci
d`m`g prhduc siw`ctu prhsis pibahm`f`b y`ba oirlubasn ubtuc gibnbac`tc`b
ent` r`s`, bnm`n anzn, d`b ubtuc gigpiro`ncn oibtuc d`b rup`. O`f`b t`go`f`b
y`ba dnaub`c`b p`d` pigou`t`b b`ait nc`b y`ntu tipuba t`pnhc`, tipuba p`bnr,
 o`w`ba putnf ( @mmnug
 @mmnug s`tnvug M.),
M.), o`w`ba gir`f ( @mmnug eip` M.),
M.), a`r`g, aum`,
d`b whrtim.
(0) Tipuba
Tipuba t`pnhc`
t`pnhc`
Tipuba t`pnhc` dnaub`c`b d`m`g pigou`t`b b`ait c`rib` oirlubasn sio`a`n
 o`f`b pibanc`t. Tipuba t`pnhc` `d`m`f ` d`m`f ar`bum` p`tn y`ba oir`s`m d`rn ugon citim`
 phfhb y`ba giba`bduba c`rohfndr`t tnbaan. Tipuba t`pnhc` gignmncn snl`t d`y`
mic`t
mic `t y`b
y`ba a tnbaan
tnbaan,, tnd`c
tnd`c gud`f
gud`f pie`f,
pie`f, d`b tnd`c
tnd`c gud`f
gud`f gibaau
gibaaugp`
gp`m, m, c`rib`
c`rib`
gignmncn c`bduba`b `gnmhpictnb y`ba tnbaan (Mic`fib`, ?:0<).
(?)
(?) Tipu
Tipuba ba p`b
p`bnr
nr
Tipu
Ti puba
ba p`p`bn
bnrr on`s`
on`s` dnsio
dnsiout
ut ku
kua`
a` sio`a
sio`a`n
`n ti
tipu
puba
ba rhrhtn
tn (rig`
(rig`ff rhrhtn
tn)) y`
y`ba
ba
 on`s`by` dnaub`c`b sio`a`n pim`pns prhduc g`c`b`b tuku`bby` `d`m`f `a`r 
 prhduc tnd`c s`mnba gibigpim s``t `c`b giba`m`gn prhsis pigoicu`b (Z`mupn,
Uupn`stutnc, C`rtnc`, d`b _urn`bn, ?:0>).
(5)
(5) O`w`
O`w`ba ba putn
putnf f ( @mmnug
 @mmnug s`tnvug M.)M.)
O`w`ba putnf gignmncn o`by`c g`bl``t y`ntu sio`a`n `btnsiptnc, `btnfimgnc,
icspic
ics picthr
thr`b,
`b, `btnsp
`btnsp`sg`sghdn
hdnc,
c, d`b o`ctirn
o`ctirnhst
hst`tn
`tnc.
c. O`w`ba
O`w`ba putnf
putnf gigpub
gigpuby`n y`n
siby
siby`w`w`` `mmn
`mmnen
enb
b y`ba
y`ba d`p`
d`p`tt giba
gibaf` f`go
go`t
`t snsnbt
btis
isns
ns _B@
_B@ si sie`
e`r`
r` ei
eip`p`tt d`d`b
b
giby
gi byim
imur
uruf
uf,, sim`n
sim`nbb ntu
ntu si
siby
by`w
`w`` y`
y`ba
ba tird`
tird`p`
p`tt p`
p`d`d` o`
o`w`
w`ba
ba pu
putn
tnf
f g`gp
g`gpu u
gibaf`go`t sirt` gig`tnc`b pirtugouf`b o`ctirn d`b k`gur. Fnbaa` s``t nbn
 o`w`ba putnf g`snf oirpir`b sio`a`n si o`a`n ougou pibyid`p g`s`c`b `m`gn y`ba tnd`c 
 ons` dna`btnc`b hmif pibyid`p g`s`c`b ou`t`b y`ba sirnba dntigun dn p`s`r`b
(Zutrn, ?:06).
(4)
(4) O`w`
O`w`ba ba gir`
gir`f f ( @mmnug
 @mmnug eip` M.)
M.)
O`w`ba
O`w `ba gir`f
gir`f `d`m`f
`d`m`f o`f`b
o`f`b t`go`f
t`go`f`b
`b y`ba
y`ba on`s`b
on`s`by`
y` dnaub`
dnaub`c`b
c`b p`d`p`d`
g`s`c`b sio`a`n pibyid`p. O`w`ba gir`f tirg`suc t`b`g`b gusng`b, b`gub
gignmncn
gignm ncn bnm`n ichbhgn y`ba tnbaan. Tird`p`t o`by`c siby`w` dn d`m`g o`w`ba
gir`f sipirtn sumlur d`b vhm`tnmi y`ba oirpir`b sio`a`n `btngncrho`. Icstr`c d`rn
 o`w`ba gir`f gignmncn pir`b tirf`d`p o`ctirn ukn sipirtn U`mgh U`mghbimm`
bimm` typfn,
typfn,
 Zsiudhghb`s `iruanbhs`
`iruanbhs`,, d`b Isefirnefn`
d`b Isefirnefn` ehmn (Zutrn,
ehmn (Zutrn, ?:06).
(9) A`r`g
A`r`g d`pur (B`Em) girup`c`b o`f`b t`go`f`b y`ba d`p`t gir`bas`ba ent`
r`s` d`b gib`go`f r`s` ib`c p`d` g`c`b`b, sim`nb ntu a`r`g kua` oirlubasn
sio`a`n s`m`f s`tu o`f`b piba`wit `m`gn d`m`g g`c`b`b.
(<) Aum`
Aum`
Aum` p`snr `t`u dnsiout kua` oiit girup`c`b sucrhs` y`ba tim`f giba`m`gn
t`f`p pigurbn`b, y`ba gignmncn oibtuc outnr`b-outnr`b crnst`m putnf d`b r`s`by`
g`bns. Aum` p`snr oir`s`m d`rn t`b`g`b tiou y`ba giba`bduba e`nr`b cnr`-cnr`
04-0?%
04-0?% sucrhs
sucrhs`.
`. Uim`nb
Uim`nb sio`a`
sio`a`nn pig`bn
pig`bnss d`m`g
d`m`g g`c`b`
g`c`b`b b aum`
aum` kua`
kua` oirlub
oirlubasn
asn
sio`a`n o`f`b piba`wit `m`gn (Cfhmnq, ?:00).
(1) Qhrtim

xnv
 

Qhrtim dnaub`c`b d`m`g pigou`t`b b`ait c`rib` c`bduba`b vnt`gnb @ y`ba

tnbaan
tnbaan sifnba
sifnbaa`
a` s`ba`t
s`ba`t oirg`b
oirg`bl``t
l``t ubtuc
ubtuc gibk`a
gibk`a`` cisif`
cisif`t`b
t`b g`t`.
g`t`. Uim`nb
Uim`nb ntu
whrtim kua` gignmncn c`bduba`b oit`c`rhtib y`ba oirg`bl``t ubtuc gibeia`f
 piby`cnt c`bcir (Mndny`w`tn, _nt`, Lnln Dwnk`y`btn, Bur`snf ^uwnt` U, d`b Untn
L`tn
L`tng`
g`ff Zr`d
Zr`dna
nadh
dh,, ?:
?:05
05)) sifnb
sifnbaa
aa`` pi
pibt
btnb
nba
a ub
ubtutuc
c dn
dnt`
t`go
go`f
`fc`
c`b
b ci
cid`
d`m`
m`g
g
 pigou`t`b b`ait.
(6)
(6) Timu
Timurr
Timur
Timur d`m`g
d`m`g pigou`
pigou`t`b
t`b b`ait
b`ait oir
oirlub
lubasn
asn sio`a`
sio`a`nn piric`
piric`tt tipuba
tipuba rhtn
rhtn s``t
 prhsis pig`bnr`b sifnbaa` `c`b gib`go`f cichgp`c`b d`b ciriby`f`b p`d`
b`ait. Uim`nb ntu d`p`t gigpiro`ncn w`rb` p`d` prhduc `cfnr (Z`mupn, Uupn`stutnc,
C`rtnc`, d`b _urn`bn, ?:0>).

?.1 Zirsy`r`t`b Zrhduc @cfnr

Giburut @g`mn` (?:0?) b`ait 
b`ait  nc`b `d`m`f s`m`f s`tu kibns prhduc hm`f`b y`ba
 oiro`f`b d`s`r nc`b, y`ba dnou`t diba`g grbaaub`c`b e`gpur`b d`anba nc`b
sirt` tipuba. B`ait y`ba dnou`t f`rus gignmncn gutu y`ba o`nc d`b st`bd`rby`
f`rus sisu`n diba`b UBN. Zirsy`r`t`b gutu b`ait 
b`ait  nc`b giburut UBN 1196;?:05
d`p`t dnmnf`t p`d` T`oim 5.

T`oim 5. Zirsy`r`t`b Gutu d`b Ci`g`b`b B`ait 

B`ait nc`b
Z`r`gitir Y kn U`tu`b Zirsy`rt`b
`. Uibshr
Uibshrnn Gnb 1 (sc
(schr
hr 5->
5->))
 o. Cngn`
- C`d`r @nr   % G`cs <:,:
- C`d`r @ou % G`cs ?,9
- C`d`r Zrhtinb % Gnb 9,:
- C`d`r Mig`c   % G`cs 09,:
Eig`r`b Gncrho`
- @MT Chmhbn/a G`cs 9,: x 0:4
-  Isefirnen` ehmn @ZG/a = 5,:
- U`mghbimm` -  Bia`tnl/?9 a
- \nornh efhmir`* -  Bia`tnl/ ?9 a
- Ut`pfymheheeus `urius* Chmhbn/a G`cs 0 x 0:?
e. Eig`r
Eig`r`b
`b Mha`
Mha`g
g
- E`dgnug Ga/ca G`cs :,0
- Gircurn (Fa) Ga/ca G`cs :,9
- Tngo`m (Zo) Ga/ca G`cs :,5
- @rsib (@s) Ga/ca G`cs 0,:
- Tng`f (Ub) Ga/ca G`cs 4:,:
d. Eig`r
Eig`r`b
`b Ln
Lnsnc 
snc 
-  Lnmtf - :

E`t`t`b * Onm` dnpirmuc`b

Uugoir; (UBN 1196;?:05)

?.6 Cigubdur`b Gutu Nc`b

Nc`b y`ba gignmncn cu`mnt`s o`nc girup`c`b s`m`f s`tu sy`r`t y`ba ut`g`
d`m`g pibahm`f`
pibahm`f`b b nc`b. B`gub sipirtn
sipirtn y`ba cnt` t`fu o`fw` nc`b `d`m`f
`d`m`f s`m`f
s`tu f`snm pirnc`b`b y`ba gignmncn snl`t gud`f rus`c d`b ousuc. Z`d` nc`b sia`r 
 prhsis piburub`b gutu dn`w`mn diba`b pirhgo`c`b hmif `ctnvnt`s ibzng y`ba

xv
 

sie`r` `m`gn `d` p`d` d`anba nc`b sia`r fnbaa` p`d` g`suc p`d` t`f`p tirtibtu
d`b dnm`bkut diba`b prhsis pigousuc`b. Ziburub`b gutu y`ba tirk`dn p`d` nc`b
sitim
sitim`f
`f g`tn
g`tn gimn
gimnpu
putn
tn pi
pibu
buru
rub`
b`bb gutu
gutu sie`r
sie`r`` `u
`uth
thmn
mnsns
sns (`
(`ct
ctnv
nvnt
nt`s
`s ib
ibzng
zng),
),
 o`ctirnhmhans (`ctnvnt`s gncrho`), d`b cngn`wn (hcsnd`sn) (\`trn`, ?:0:).

0) Zibu
Ziburub`
rub`b b Gutu Uie`r`
Uie`r` @uthmnsns
@uthmnsns
Zrhsis
Zrh sis pibaur
pibaur`n`b
`n`b siby`w`
siby`w` cngn`
cngn` y`ba
y`ba tird`p
tird`p`t
`t dn d`m`g
d`m`g d`anba
d`anba nc`b
nc`b
sitim`f
siti m`f giba`m
giba`m`gn `gn cig`tn
cig`tn`b
`b dnsiou
dnsioutt kua`
kua` sio`a`
sio`a`nn `uthmn
`uthmnsns.
sns. @w`
@w`mby
mby`` ibzng
ibzng
g`gp
g` gpu u ububtu
tuc
c oi
oici
cirk`
rk` sie`r
sie`r`` `c
`ctn
tnl,
l, b`
b`gu
gubb ci
cirk
rk`` ib
ibzn
zngg oioiru
ruo`
o`ff k`
k`dn
dn tnd`
tnd`c 
c 
tirchb
tirchbtrh
trhmm c`rib`
c`rib` tnd`c
tnd`c oirlub
oirlubasn
asnby`
by` hra`b
hra`b pibahb
pibahbtrh
trhm,
m, sifnba
sifnbaa`
a` ibzng
ibzng `c`b
`c`b
girus`c hra`b tuouf nc`b, pirnstnw` nbnm`f y`ba dnsiout piburub`b gutu sie`r`
`uthmnsns. Zrhsis tirur`nby` prhtinb gibk`dn phmnpiptnd`, `ghbn`c d`b `s`g `gnbh
girup`c`b
girup `c`b enrn tirk`dnby`
tirk`dnby` piruo`f`b
piruo`f`b sie`r` `uthmnsns.
`uthmnsns. Tiroibtuc
Tiroibtucby`by` siby`w`-
siby`w`-
siby`w`` f`snm `uthmnsns
siby`w `uthmnsns `c`b gigo`btu
gigo`btu pirtugouf
pirtugouf`b `b gncrhhra`b
gncrhhra`bnsginsgi pibyio`o
pibyio`o
ciousuc`b.
cious uc`b. Uufu girup`c`b
girup`c`b l`cthr
l`cthr y`ba gigpiba`ru
gigpiba`rufn fn cieip`t`b
cieip`t`b tirk`dnby`
tirk`dnby`
`uthmn
`ut hmnsns,
sns, b`gub
b`gub dia`b
dia`b gim`cu
gim`cuc`b
c`b pibdnb
pibdnbanb
anb`b,
`b, pibaa`
pibaa`r`gr`g`b,
`b, pibair
pibairnba
nba`b
`b
`t`upub piba`s`p`b cirk` ibzng d`p`t dnchbtrhm (\`trn`, ?:0:).

?) Ziburub`
Ziburub`b
b Gutu
Gutu Uie`r`
Uie`r` O`ctirnhmhans
O`ctirnhmhans
Ziburub`b gutu sie`r` o`ctirnhmhans `d`m`f t`f`p`b s``t o`ctirn gum`n
 oircigo`baon`c gibk`dn o`by`c d`b sie`r` oirt`f`p gig`sucn d`anba nc`b,
c`rib` o`ctirn girup`c`b pibyio`o ut`g` ciousuc`b p`d` nc`b, o`ctirn o`by`c 
tird`p`t p`d` o`an`b nbs`ba d`b pirguc``b cumnt nc`b. @w`mby` nc`b y`ba d`m`g
chbdnsn fndup sud`f gigpuby`n o`ctirn d`m`g tuoufby`, b`gub sitim`f nc`b
g`tn, `ctnvnt`s pircigo`baon`c`bbby` gibk`dn sig`cnb gibnbac`t p`d` o`a`nb
diba`b sufu d`b ZF y`ba sisu`n, c`rib` sig`cnb tnbaan sufu d`b ZF p`d` nc`b
g`c` sig`cnb gibnbac`t kua` `ctnvnt`s
`ctnvnt`s o`ctirn.
o`ctirn. Ygugby`
Ygugby` o`ctirn pigousuc 
pigousuc 
fndup p`d` sufu :» - 5:»E, b`gub onm` sufu dnturubc`b dno`w`f :»E, g`c` prhsis
 pigousuc`b d`p`t dnf`go`t. E`r` y`ba p`mnba gud`f dnaub`c`b `d`m`f diba`b
gim`cuc`b pib`go`f`b is diba`b piro`bdnba`b 0;0 c`rib` diba`b e`r` nbn sufu
nc`b ons` tit`p dnpirt`f`bc`b (\`trn`, ?:0:).

5) Zibu
Ziburub`
rub`bb Gutu Uie`r`
Uie`r` Cngn`wn
Cngn`wn
Zrhsis piburub`b gutu p`d` nc`b d`p`t kua` tirk`dn c`rib` prhsis hcsnd`sn
mig`
mig`c
c y`ba
y`ba giba
giba`c
`cno
no`t
`tc`
c`b
b o`u
o`u tiba
tibanc
nc,, sim`
sim`nb
nb ntu
ntu pr
prhs
hsis
is hc
hcsn
snd`
d`sn
sn ku
kua`
a`
giba`cno`tc`b piruo`f`b w`rb` p`d` d`anba gik`dn ehcim`t cus`g. Citibanc`b
d`p`t
d`p`t dneia`
dneia`f
f diba`b
diba`b gibaur
gibaur`ba
`bann fuouba
fuouba`b`b diba`b
diba`b ud`r`
ud`r` oio`s
oio`s s``t prhsis
prhsis
 pibyngp`b`b f`snm hm`f`b. O`u tibanc d`p`t tngoum c`rib` tirk`dn ri`csn hcsnd`sn
mig`c hmif :? diba`b ud`r` (\`trn`, ?:0:).

?.> _ibdigib
_ibdigib
_ibd igib girup`c`b
girup`c`b piro`bdnba`b
piro`bdnba`b `bt`r` oir`t `cfnr prhduc diba`b
diba`b
 oir`t `w`mby` y`ba dnby`t`c`b d`m`g s`tu`b % (pirsib). _ibdigib y`ba
dnf`snmc`b oiroid`-oid` tira`btuba d`rn gutu o`f`b gibt`f, ucur`b d`b kibns
nc`b sirt` tib`a` cirk`. Tuku`b pirfntuba`b ribdigib `d`m`f ubtuc gibait`fun
 oir`t oirsnf d`rn nc`b y`ba dnaub`c`b.

xvn
 

?.0: Ykn Hra`bhmiptnc 

Hra`bhmiptnc 
Ykn hra`bh
hra`bhmip
miptnc
tnc `d`m`f
`d`m`f pibauk
pibaukn`b
n`b y`ba
y`ba dnm`cu
dnm`cuc`b
c`b oird`s
oird`s`rc
`rc`b
`b prhsis
prhsis
 pibanbdr``b. O`an`b hra`b tuouf y`ba oirpir`b y`ntu g`t`, nbdir` pibenenp,
nbdir` pir`o`, nbdir` pibdiba`r, d`b nbdir` pigo`u. @m`t nbdir` tirsiout `c`b
gigoirnc`b t`baa`p`b y`ba cigudn`b f`snmby` d`p`t dn`b`mnsns.

?.00 @b`mnsns Uiagibt`sn Z`s`r

Ui
Uiag
agibibt`
t`sn
sn p`s`
p`s`rr giru
girup`
p`c`
c`b
b `ctn
`ctnvn
vnt`
t`ss p`
p`s`
s`rr y`ba
y`ba gigo
gigo`a
`ann `t
`t`u
`u
gibaim
gib aimhgp
hgphc`
hc`bb p`s`r
p`s`r y`ba
y`ba fitirh
fitirhaib
aib ci d`m`g
d`m`g p`s`r
p`s`r y`ba
y`ba fh
fhgha
ghaib
ib c`rib`
c`rib`
gignmncn cis`g``b d`m`g f`m cioutuf`b `t`u cis`g``b c`r`ctir y`ba gignmncn
risphb s`g` d`m`g f`m gigoim`bk`c`b u`baby` (F`ps`rn d`b Nqo`m, ?:06).

?.0? @b`mnsns Ciu`ba`b

Giburut S ENT@TNHB Lnt01 ]m 0:55 W  sihr`ba pibaus`f` f`rus gibaf`snmc`b
ciub
ciubtu
tuba
ba`b
`b y`ba
y`ba oirc
oircim
im`b
`bku
kut`
t`b
b p`d`
p`d` us`f
us`f`` y`
y`ba
ba dn
dndn
dnrn
rnc`
c`b.
b. E`r`
E`r` ub
ubtu
tuc 
c 
gibait`fun
gibai t`fun ciubtuba`b
ciubtuba`b tirsiout
tirsiout `d`m`f diba`b gim`cuc`b `b`mnsns us`f` d`m`g
s`tu t`fub prhducsn.
prhducsn. @b`mnsns us`f` pibtnba dnm`cuc`b
dnm`cuc`b ubtuc gibait`fun
gibait`fun tnbac`t
tnbac`t
cim`y`
cim`y`c`b
c`b d`rn
d`rn s`tu
s`tu kibns
kibns us`f`,
us`f`, ubtuc
ubtuc gibait
gibait`fu
`funn cioirf
cioirf`snm
`snm`b
`b y`ba
y`ba dne`p`
dne`p`nn

sim`
sim`g`
g` us`f`
us`f``t`upub
gigpiro`ncn oirm`b
oirm`basu
asuba,
ba, `a`r
`a`r pibaus
pib
gibnbac`tc`b aus`f`
`f` ons`
ons
ciubtuba`b dn` pirus`f``bby`.
gibibt
gibibtuc`
uc`b
b tnbd`c
tnbd`c`b
`b ubtuc 
ubtuc 

0) On`
On`y`
y` Tit`p
Tit`p ( lnxid
 lnxid ehst )
On`y` tit`p `d`m`f kibns on`y` y`ba ois`r cienmby` tnd`c dnpiba`rufn hmif
 ois`r cienmby` cian`t`b prhducsn. On`y` nbn f`rus dncimu`rc`b sisu`n diba`b
cioutu
cioutuf`b
f`b ticbns
ticbns w`m`up
w`m`upubub sid`ba
sid`ba tnd`c
tnd`c oirhpi
oirhpir`sn
r`sn (Uy`l`r
(Uy`l`r d`b M`gus`
M`gus`,,
?:09).

?) On`y
On`y`` Tnd`c
Tnd`c Tit`p
Tit`p (v`rn`omi
(v`rn`omi ehst )
Giburu
Gib urutt (Uy`l`
(Uy`l`rr d`b M`gus`
M`gus`,, ?:09)
?:09) on`y`
on`y` tnd`c
tnd`c tit`p
tit`p `d`m`f
`d`m`f kugm`f
kugm`f
sigu` oio`b `t`u on`y` y`ba d`p`t oiruo`f tira`btuba p`d` kugm`f ubnt y y`ba
`ba
dnprhducsn. Gns`mby` knc` vhmugi cian`t`b dnpirois`r du` c`mn mnp`t, g`c` tht`m
 on`y` kua` `c`b mionf ois`r du` c`mn mnp`t d`rn kugm`f sioimugby`.
sioimugby`.

5) Tht`
Tht`mm Zibaimu`
Zibaimu`r`b
r`b
Tht`m pibaimu`r`b `t`u on`y` tht`m `d`m`f kugm`f tht`m on`y` tit`p d`b tnd`c 
tit`p y`ba f`rus dncimu`rc`b
dncimu`rc`b hmif pirus`f``b
pirus`f``b ubtuc
ubtuc gigoimn
gigoimn cipirmu`b
cipirmu`b y`ba
`c`b dnaub`c`b d`m`g prhsis prhducsn. Ziruo`f`b on`y` tht`m dnpiba`rufn hmif
 piruo`f`b tht`m on`y` tnd`c tit`p (tht`m on`y` v`rn`omi
v`rn`omi)) (Uy`l`r d`b M`gus`,
?:09).

4) Ci
Ciubt
ubtub
uba`b
a`b
Zirfnt
Zirfntuba
uba`b
`b ciubtu
ciubtuba`
ba`bb dnaub`
dnaub`c`b
c`b ubtuc
ubtuc gibait
gibait`fu
`funn `p`c`f
`p`c`f prhsis
prhsis
 prhducsn b`ait y`ba dnk`m`bc`b giba`m`gn
giba`m`gn ciubtuba`b `t`u ciruan`b, sifnbaa`
sitim`f dnpirhmif f`snmby` d`p`t dnsngpumc`b `p`c`f us`f` y`ba dnk`m`bc`b
m`y`c `t`u tnd`c ubtuc dncirk`c`b d`m`g sc`m` y`ba mionf ois`r.

xvnn
 

9)  Ori`c Ivib
Ivib Zhnbt (OIZ)
Ori`c Ivib Zhnbt girup`c`b su`tu bnm`n dng`b` ois`rby` f`snm pibku`m`b
s`g` diba`b ois`rby` on`y` prhducsn
prhducsn `t`u d`p`t dnc`t`c`b
dnc`t`c`b pibaimu`r`
pibaimu`r`bb s`g`
diba`b
diba`b pibd`p
pibd`p`t`
`t`b,
b, sifnbaa
sifnbaa`` p`d`
p`d` s``t chbdns
chbdnsnn tirsiou
tirsioutt pirus`
pirus`f``
f``b
b `c`b
`c`b
giba`m`gn tntnc ngp`s (OIZ) tnd`c ubtuba g`upub tnd`c ruan. Zirfntuba`b
OIZ
OI Z dnm`c
dnm`cuc
uc`b
`b ub
ubtu
tuc
c gibi
gibibtbtuc
uc`b
`b o`
o`t`s
t`s gnbn
gnbng`g`mm pi
pibk
bku`
u`m`
m`b
b `a
`a`r
`r su`t
su`tu
u
 pirus`f``b tnd`c giba`m`gn ciruan`b. OIZ d`p`t kua` dnp`c`n ubtuc 
giribe`b`c`b tnbac`t ciubtuba`b y`ba nbanb dne`p`n d`b sio`a`n `eu`b d`m`g
gibaibd`mnc`b hpir`sn y`ba sid`ba oirk`m`b.

5. GITHDHMHAN
5.0 Q`ctu d`b Tigp`t
Q`ctu
Q`c tu pim`cs
pim`cs`b`
`b``b
`b Zr`ctn
Zr`ctnc
c Cirk`
Cirk` M`p`ba
M`p`ba (ZCM)
(ZCM) N\ nbn dngum`
dngum`nn p`d`
p`d`
t`baa`m :4 Bhvigoir ― 0< Bhvigoir ?:0> y`ba oirmhc`sn dn E\. U`c`b` Nbdh
Zrng`, Z`ruba Zhbehm, Cim. Durib Gic`r, Cie. U`w`ba`b, Cht` Diphc, K`w`
O`r`t.

5.? @m`t d`b O`f`b

@m`t y`ba dnaub`c`b
dnaub`c`b d`m`g pibahm`f`b
pibahm`f`b buaait `d`m`f
`d`m`f snmibt
 snmibt euttir ubtuc 
gibaf`musc`b d`anba, sti`gir
d`anba, sti`gir ubtuc gibaucus , si`mir ubtuc gibaig`s cig`s`b

b`ait, o`schg st`nbmiss
o`schgy`ba
 o`f`b-o`f`b  st`nbmiss
`c`bstiim sio`a`n w`d`f
dnaub`c`b, `dhb`b,
eit`c`b ubtuctngo`ba`b
gibeit`c ubtuc gibngo`ba
`dhb`b sifnbaa`
gignmncn oibtuc y`ba s`g`, gik`  st`nbmiss stiim sio`a`n gik` prhsis , shdit ubtuc 
gir`t`c`b
gir`t` c`b `dhb`b, omhwir ubtuc gigo`
gigo`btubtu prhsis pibnrns`b,
pibnrns`b, mhba p`b 
p`b  sio`a`n
tigp
tigp`t
`t ubtu
ubtuc
c giba
gibauc
ucus
us `d`dhb
hb`b
`b,, r`
r`c
c dhrh
dhrhba
ba ub
ubtu
tuc
c gigu
gigud` d`fc
fc`b
`b d`m`
d`m`g
g
gignbd`fc`b mhba p`b,
p`b, d`b cir`bk`ba.
O`f`b o`cu oirup` titim`b nc`b bnm`, sid`bac`b o`f`b m`nbby` oirup`
tipuba t`pnhc`, tipuba g`nzib`, tipuba tirnau, tipuba p`bnr, whrtim, timur, o`w`ba
gir`f ahribaougou-ougou d`b gnby`c ahriba.

5.5 Githdi Zr`ctnc 

5.?.0 Zrhsidur Zigou`t`b B`ait
@mur prhsis pigou`t`b b`ait 
b`ait nc`b giburut UBN 1196;?:05 sio`a`n oirncut
0. T`f`p
T`f`p Zirsn`p
Zirsn`p`b
`b ;
`. O`f`b o
o`cu
`cu y`ba
y`ba dntirng`
dntirng` d`m`g oibtuc
oibtuc mug`t`b
mug`t`b d`anba
d`anba oicu3
oicu3

?. T`f`p
T`f`p pigou`
pigou`t`bt`b b`ait
b`ait
`. O`
O`f`
f`bb o`
o`cu
cu d`
d`m`
m`g
g oi
oibt
btuc
uc mu
mug`
g`t`
t`b
b d`
d`an
anba
ba oi
oicu
cu dn
dnmu
mug`
g`tc
tc`b
`b ub
ubtu
tuc 
c 
gibauo`f ticstur gibk`dn mionf migout3
 o. Uitim`f ntu dntngo`ba ubtuc gibait`fun kugm`f o`f`b-o`f`b y`ba `c`b
dnaub`c`b3
e. M`
M`mu
mu g`su
g`suc c ci t`f`
t`f`p
p pibe
pibe`g
`gpu
pur`
r`b
b di
diba
ba`b
`b ou
ougo
gou-u-ou
ougo
gou,
u, d`
d`b
b
dne`gpur fnbaa` fhghaib3
d. Uit
Uitim`
im`f
f gibk`d
gibk`dnn `dhb`b
`dhb`b sim`bku
sim`bkutby
tby`` dnoibt
dnoibtuc
uc gibaau
gibaaub`c
b`c`b
`b eit`c`
eit`c`b
b
d`b dnm`pnsn diba`b tipuba3
i. B`ait y`b
y`ba a sud`f dnm`pnsn
dnm`pnsn diba`b
diba`b tipuba sim`bkut
sim`bkuty`
y` ons` dncucus3
dncucus3
l. Uit
Uitim`
im`f
f ntu b`ai
b`aitt dndnba
dndnbanbc
nbc`b3
`b3

a. M`mu
f. Uitim`f
Uitim`dnoicuc
f dnbanb,
dnodnbanb,
`bb`ait
icuc`b ubtucdncig`s
dngigpirt`f
cig`s
gig d`b`bc`b
dntngo
dntngo`ba3
pirt`f`bc`b `ba3
gutuby`3
gutuby`3

xvnnn
 

n. B`ait y`
y`ba
ba sud`f dnoicu
dnoicuc`b
c`b sim`bkutby
sim`bkutby`` dnsngp`b
dnsngp`b d`m`g pibyngp`
pibyngp`b`b
b`b
 oicu ubtuc gigpirt`f`bc`b
gigpirt`f`bc`b gutuby`.

5. T`f`p Zibaukn`b
Zibaukn`b Hra`bhmiptn
Hra`bhmiptnc 
c 
`. B`a
`aiit dnukn cib`gp`c `c``b, r`
r`ss`, ticstu
stur, d`b o`u by` diba`b
gibaaub`c`b sehrisfiit
gibaaub`c`b  sehrisfiit b`ait nc`b giburut UBN 1196;?:05.

5.?.? Dn`ar`g @mnr Zrhsis

Dn`ar`g `mnr prhsis pibahm`f`b b`ait 
b`ait nc`b bnm` d`p`t dnmnf`t p`d` A`go`r ?.

Zirsn`p`b

 
Zibirng``b O`f`b O`cu

Zigou`t`b b`ait nc`b

Zimug`t`b

Zibngo`ba`b

Zibe`gpur`b

Zigoibtuc`b d`b pim`pns`b

Zibaucus`b

Zibnrns`b

Zibaig`s`b d`b
 pibngo`ba`b

Zigoicu`b Zibaukn`b prhduc 

`cfnr 
Zibyngp`b`b

A`go`r ?. @mnr Zrhis Zibahm`f`b B`ait 

B`ait Nc`b

xnx
 

5.?.5 @b`mnsns
@b`mnsns _ibdigib
_ibdigib
Ybtuc gibafntuba ribdigib dnaub`c`b rugus sio`a`n oirncut;
Oir`t `cfnr
_ibdigib (%) 7  V 0::% (0)
Oir`t
Oir`t `w`m
`w`m

5.?.4 @b`mnsns Gutu

@b`mnsns gutu p`d` b`ait nc`b bnm` gir`f dnm`cuc`b diba`b gim`cuc`b
 pibaukn`b gutu hra`bhmiptnc o`f`b o`cu gibaaub`c`b sehrisfiit
gibaaub`c`b  sehrisfiit lnmmit nc`b
 oicu giburut UBN ?<><;?:05 y`ba dnm`cuc`b hmif < (ib`g) hr`ba p`bimns
tirm`tnf diba`b 4 (igp`t) c`mn piba`g`t`b d`b 5 (tna`) c`mn pibaum`ba`b
sid`bac
sid` bac`b
`b ubtuc
ubtuc pibauk
pibaukn`b
n`b gutu
gutu prhduc
prhduc `cfnr
`cfnr gibaau
gibaaub`c
b`c`b
`b  sehrisfiit 
b`ait
b`a it nc`b
nc`b giburu
giburutt UBN
UBN 1196;?
1196;?:05
:05 y`ba dnm`cu
dnm`cuc`b
c`b hmif
hmif < (ib`g)
(ib`g) hr`ba
hr`ba
 p`bimns tirm`tnf sio`by`c 4 (igp`t) c`mn piba`g`t`b diba`b 5 (tna`) c`mn
 pibaum`ba`b.

 Z7 x ∟(0.>< . U / ∛ b) ¸ ≤ ν ≤ ( x +( 0,><. U / ∛ b ))7 >9 %  (?)

∐ ¸ 0 x  
n
n
(5)
 x 7
b

?
∐ ¸ 0 (  xx ∟ )  
n
n  x n
?

(4)
s 7
b
Citir`ba`b;
b; O`by`c by` p`bimns
U; Cir`a`g`b bnm`n gutu
0,><; Chilnsnib st`bd`r divn`sn p`d` t`r`l >9%

V; Bnm`n gutu r`t`-r`t`

Vn; Bnm`n gutu p`bimns ci 0, dng`b` 70 s`gp`n b
U; Ungp`ba`b o`cu bnm`n gutu

5.?.9 @b`mnsns Ciu`ba`b Z`d` Hm`f`b B`ait

0) Ciubtuba`b ;
_ugus ubtuc gibafntuba ciubtuba`b sio`a`n oirncut;

Ciubtuba`b 7 Tht`m Zibd`p`t`b ― Tht`m On`y` (9)

?) @b`mnsns Ori`c Ivib Zhnbt (OIZ)

Zirf
irfntub
ntuba`
a`b
b OIZ dnm`c nm`cu
uc`b
c`b giba
ibaau
aubb`c
`c`b
`b pib
ibdi
dic
c`t
`t`b
`b didib
ba`
a`b
b
gibaaub`c`b githdi ar`lnc giburut Zitirs d`b Tngirf`usi (0>>0).

xx
 

4. F@UNM D@B ZIGO@F@U@B

4.0 Mhc`sn d`b T`t` Mit`c
E\.. U`c`b`
E\ U`c`b` Nbdh
Nbdh Zrng`
Zrng` tirmit
tirmit`c
`c dn d`ir`f
d`ir`f Z`ruba
Z`ruba Zhbehm
Zhbehm,, Cimur`
Cimur`f`b
f`b
Durib Gic`r, Cie`g`t`b Ohkhba U`rn, Cht` Diphc. Mhc`sn nbn dnpnmnf c`rib`
d`p`t
d`p `t gigouc
gigouc`` pimu`b
pimu`baa picirk
picirk``b
``b o`an
o`an w`ra`
w`ra` dnsicn
dnsicnt`rb
t`rby`,
y`, sim`nb
sim`nb ntu d`p`t
d`p`t
gigoirnc`b
gigoi rnc`b nbhv`sn p`d` prhduc
prhduc pirnc`b`b,
pirnc`b`b, w`m`upub mit`cby`
mit`cby` eucup k`uf d`rn
tigp`t pibanrng`b o`f`b o`cu b`gub giburut pignmnc pirus`f``b wnm`y`f nbn
gignmncn phtibsn y`ba cu`t knc` dno`baub siou`f nbdustrn. Zit` mhc`sn d`p`t dnmnf`t
 p`d` A`go`r 5.

A`go`r 5. Zit` mhc`sn E\. U`c`b` Nbdh Zrng`

4.? Uik`r`f Zirus`f``b

E\. U`c`b` Nbdh Zrng` dno`baub pirt`g` c`mn t`fub ?::< d`m`g sc`m`
YCG (Ys`f` Cienm d`b Gibiba`f) Hmif _idn @rdn`bsy`f d`b G. Uy`nludnb y`ba
gignmncn m`t`r oim`c`ba pibdndnc`b dnond`ba pirnc`b`b. B`g` U`c`b` dn`gonm
d`rnn o`f`s`
d`r o`f`s` Kip`ba
Kip`ba y`ba
y`ba gignmn
gignmncn
cn `rtn
`rtn nc`b
nc`b sid`ba
sid`bac`b
c`b Nbdh
Nbdh Zrng`
Zrng` sio`a`
sio`a`nn
t`go`f`b y`ba gibubkucc`b o`fw` prhduc-prhduc y`ba dnf`snmc`b dn prhducsn
dn Nbdhbisn` d`b gibaf`snmc`b hm`f`b nc`b y`ba oircu`mnt`s.
E\. U`c`b` Nbdh Zrng` girup`c`b s`m`f s`tu pirus`f``b y`ba oirair`c 
d`m`g ond`ba
d`m`g ond`ba pirnc`
pirnc`b`b
b`b.. @w`mby
@w`mby`` p`d`
p`d` t`fub
t`fub ?::<
?::< pirus`
pirus`f``
f``b
b nbn oirb`g
oirb`g``
U`c`b` G`cgur @o`dn y`ba oirdnrn t`fub ?::9 oirmhc`sn dn chgpmic pim`ouf`b
 pirnc`b`b Bnz`g [`efg`b, Gu`r` O`ru, K`c`rt` Yt`r`. E\. U`c`b` Nbdh Zrng`
sioimugby` kua` pirb`f oira`ouba diba`b E\. Oibnba Lhhd dn Ohahr, b`gub
 pignmnc gig`bd`ba o`fw` pirmu gibaigo`bac`b
gibaigo`bac`b us`f`by`, sifnbaa` p`d` t`fu t`fubb
?::6 E\. U`c`b` Nbdh Zrng` dndnrnc`b dn Dis` Z`ruba Zhbehm Cimur`f`b Durib
Gic`r, Diphc K`w` O`r`t.
E\. U`c`b` Nbdh Zrng` gum`n oirprhducsn `w`m Kubn ?::> diba`b hm`f`b
 o`csh nc`b d`b oircigo`ba gibk`dn oirg`e`g-g`e`g hm`f`b v`mui `ddid  `ddid 
m`nb
m`nbb
by`.
y`. Z`d`
`d` t`f
t`fub ?:0:0:
: E\. U`c U`c`b`
`b` NbNbdh
dh Zrng`
rng` gum`
gum`nn gigp
igpirirmu
mu`s
`s
 o`baub`bby` dia`b gioimn m`f`b chshba, sifnbaa` c`ry`w`bby` pub sig`cnb
 oirt`go`f c`rib` sig`cnb o`by`cby` pirgnbt``b d`rn chbsugib. Fnbaa` p`d`
t`fub
t`fub ?:
?:09
09 prhdu
prhducc y`ba
y`ba dnf`snm
dnf`snmc`b
c`b gibe`p
gibe`p`n
`n ?6 kibns
kibns prhduc
prhduc sipirtn
sipirtn ic`dh,
ic`dh,

xxn
 

cihba g`s, o`cw`b nc`b, c`cn b`a`, snhg`y, mugpn`, ud`ba rhtn, o`csh t`fu,
 o`csh nc`b supir,b`ait ,
 , lnsf rhmm , tub` rhmm d`b sio`a`nby`.

Ut`tus pirus`
Ut`tus pirus`f``
f``bb nbn `d`m`f
`d`m`f E\ (Zirus
(Zirus`f`
`f``b
`b Chg`b
Chg`bdntdntir)
ir) y`ba
y`ba tim
tim`f
`f
gignmncn nznb id`r y`ntu DNBCIU Z-N_T BH. ?:<5?1<:0?<: d`b m`oim f`m`m d`rn
GYN BH. :0:50:4?:>:1:>. Uim`nb ntu ubtuc prhduc o`csh supir tim`f dn`cun
 pigirnbt`f diba`b UBN :0-1?<<;?::<. @sit cipignmnc`b `t`s b`g` _idn
@rdn`bsy`f d`b U`iludnb sio`a`n pignmnc d`b dnrictur dn pirus`f``b tirsiout.
U`c`b`` kua` gig`stnc`b
U`c`b gig`stnc`b o`fw` prhduc y`ba dnf`snmc`b
dnf`snmc`b f`m`m, miz`t, sif`t, d`b
gibeird`sc`b.
4.5 Utructur Hra`bns`sn
Utructur hra`bns`sn girup`c`b s`m`f s`tu a`go`r`b dng`b` pirus`f``b
tim`f gibit`pc`b nbdnvndu-nbdnvndu tirtibtu y`ba oirtua`s d`b oirt`baauba k`w`o
d`m`g g`snba-g`snba
g`snba-g`snba tua`s, d`m`g gibk`m`bc`
gibk`m`bc`bb cian`t`b
cian`t`b hra`bns`sn
hra`bns`sn pirus`f``b
pirus`f``b
dnpirmuc`b siou`f structur hra`bns`sn tir`r`f ubtuc gibe`p`n tuku`b d`b ent`-ent`
 pirus`f``b. Dn E\. U`c`b` Nbdh Zrng` pngpnb`b tirtnbaan y`ntu dnrictur y`ba
 oirair`c m`basuba p`d` structur y`ba `d` dno`w`fby`, `d`pub pigo`an`bby`
gimnpu
gim nputn
tn g`b`ai
g`b`air,
r, cip`m`
cip`m` prhduc
prhducsn,
sn, d`b `dgnbn
`dgnbnstr`
str`sn.
sn. Utruct
Utructur
ur hra`bn
hra`bns`sn
s`sn E\.
U`c`b` Nbdh Zrng` d`p`t dnmnf`t p`d` M`gpnr`b 0. @d`pub ubtuc gic`bnsgi

cirk`
0) Dn oisirt`
Dnric turr tua`sby`
rictu oi
oirt
rt`b
`baa sio`a`n
aaub
ubaa k`w`oirncut;
k`w`oo d`
d`m`g
m`g f`
f`mm gig`
gig`cscsng
ng`m
`mc`
c`bb str`t
str`tia
iann d`
d`m`g
m`g
 pibe`p`n`b tuku`b prhducsn, gigpiro`by`c cirk`s`g` diba`b rim`sn
 pirus`f``b, gibyusub cionk`c`b y`ba gibd`s`r o`an pirus`f``b, d`b
gigutusc`b cionk`c`b f`m-f`m y`ba dn`baa`p crntns ubtuc pirus`f``b.
pirus` f``b.
?) G`b`
G`b`ai airr oirt
oirt`b
`ba aau
auba
ba k`w
k`w`o d`m`d`m`g
g f`m gigo`igo`bbtu dnric
nrictu
turr d`
d`m`
m`g
g
gim`cs`b`c`b tua`s d`b t`baauba k`w`oby`, gigngpnb d`m`g pim`cs`b``b
cionk`c`b simuruf `ctnvnt`s pirus`f``b.
5) Cip`
Cip`m`m` Zrhd
Zrhducucsn
sn oioirt
rt`b
`baa
aaub
ubaa k`w`
k`w`o o tirf
tirf`d
`d`p
`p sigu`
sigu` cician
an`t
`t`b
`b pr prhd
hduc
ucsn
sn
gimnputn s`r`b` pr`s`r`b` d`b pir`m`t`b y`ba gibducuba prhsis prhducsn, d`b
gig`bt`u cian`t`b prhducsn sitn`p f`rn.
4) Ciu`ba
Ciu`ba`b `b oirt`b
oirt`baau
aaubaba k`w`o
k`w`o ubtuc
ubtuc gibyus
gibyusubub `baa`r
`baa`r`b
`b pibd`p
pibd`p`t`b
`t`b d`b
 oim`bk` pirus`f``b, gigou`t piribe`b``b cirk` y`ba dnoutufc`b,
gibyimis`nc`b pigoucu`b ciu`ba`b d`b `cubt`bsn sirt` gibyusub m`phr`b
ciu`ba`b sie`r` pirnhdnc.
9) Pu`mnty Ehbtrhm  oirt`baauba
  oirt`baauba k`w`o gig`bt`u pircigo`ba`b simuruf prhduc 
y`ba dnprhducsn, gig`bt`u sirt` giba`b`mnsns cigudn`b gibimntn d`b gibaukn
cu`mnt`s prhduc, gig`stnc`b sigu` prhduc gignmncn cu`mnt`s y`ba gigibufn
st`bd`r pirus`f``b, gigou`t `b`mnsns `t`u e`t`t`b sirt` dhcugibt`sn prhduc 
y`ba dnpirmuc`b.
<) Zibyng
Zibyngp`b
p`b`b
`b oirt`b
oirt`baau
aauba
ba k`w`o
k`w`o d`m`g
d`m`g gibyng
gibyngp`b
p`b o`f`b
o`f`b o`cu,
o`cu, o`f`b
o`f`b
t`go`f
t`g o`f`b,
`b, d`b o`f`b
o`f`b pibaig
pibaig`s,
`s, sirt`
sirt` gibd`t
gibd`t`` d`b gigoir
gigoirnc`b
nc`b nblhrg
nblhrg`sn
`sn
`p`onm` o`f`b `c`b siair` f`ons.
1) Zibanrng`b oirt`baauba k`w`o ubtuc gigo`btu gim`be`rc`b tua`s d`rn `t`s`b
m`basuba d`b gibducuba cim`be`r`b prhsis prhducsn.
6) Gic`bnc oirt`baauba k`w`o d`m`g ticbnsn gisnb, gir`w`t d`b gigpiro`ncn
gisnb-gisnb.

xxnn
 

>) C`ry`w
C`ry`w`b
`b Zrhduc
Zrhducsn
sn oirt`b
oirt`baau
aauba
ba k`w`o
k`w`o gim`cu
gim`cuc`b
c`b prhsis
prhsis prhduc
prhducsnsn sisu`n
sisu`n
diba`b tua`sby` g`snba-g`snba `a`r t`rait prhduc y`ba dnribe`b`c`b ons`
tirpibufn
0:) Uupirvnsnhr p`ecnba oirt`baauba
p`ecnba oirt`baauba k`w`o giba`w`sn cian`t`b pibaig`s`b sirt`
gibaieic sitn`p cig`s`b y`ba `c`b dnaub`c`b.
00) Aud`ba
Aud`ba oirt`b
oirt`baau
aauba
ba k`w`o
k`w`o ubtuc
ubtuc giba`w
giba`w`sn
`sn d`b gibahb
gibahbtrh
trhmm hpir`sn
hpir`snhb`
hb`mm
aud`ba, gig`stnc`b citirsidn``b o`r`ba sisu`n cioutuf`b, gim`phrc`b sigu`
tr`bs`csn cimu`r g`suc o`r`ba.
4.4 U`r`b` d`b Zr`s`r`b` Zrhducsn
0) U`r`b`
U`r`b` `d`m`f sia`m` sisu`tu y`ba d`p`t dnp`c`n sio`a`n `m`t d`b o`f`b d`m`g
gibe`p`n g`csud d`b tuku`b d`rn su`tu prhsis. U`r`b` y`ba dngnmncn hmif E\.
U`c`b` Nbdh Zrng` gimnputn gisnb `dhb`b, gisnb pibaucus ( sti`gir), gik`
 st`nbmiss stiim , gik`
gik` pibnrn
pibnrns`b
s`b,, mhba p`b,
p`b, cir`bk`ba prhducsn, pns`u, o`schg,
 ohx pm`stnc, r`c mhba p`b,
p`b, tngo`ba`b duduc, tngo`ba`b dnant`m, gisnb si`mir 
gisnb  si`mir ,
 lriizir, d`b ohx pm`stnc.
?) Zr`s
Zr`s`r`
`r`b`
b`
Zr
Zr`s
`s`r
`r`b
`b`` `d`m
`d`m`f
`f sisia`
a`m`
m` sisisu
su`t
`tu
u y`ba
y`ba giru
girup`
p`c`
c`b
b pi
pibu
bubk
bk`b
`baa ububtu
tuc 
c 
tirsimibaa`r`by` prhsis prhducsn. Zr`s`r`b` y`ba dngnmncn hmif E\. U`c`b`

Nbd
Nbdh
h Zrng`
Zrnru`ba
aud`ba, g` ginput
ginputnn(tigp`t
rnsit ru`ba
ru`ba gibngo`ba
pibirng
pibirng``b
``b ougou-ougou),
o`f`b
o`f`b o`cu,
o`cu, ru`ba
ru` ba pibaan
ru`ba pibaanmnb
mnba`b
a`b,,
piba`dhb`b,
ehmd sthr`ai,
sthr`ai, @OL, d`b thnmit. U`r`b` d`b pr`s`r`b` y`ba `d` dn E\. U`c`b`
Nbdh Zrng` d`p`t dnmnf`t p`d` M`gpnr`b ?.

4.9 @mur Zrhsis Zibahm`f`b

@mur prhsis pigou`t`b b`ait nc`b bnm` dn E\. U`c`b` Nbdh Zrng` `d`m`f sio`a`n
 oirncut;
0) Zibi
Zibirng`
rng``b
`b O`f`b
O`f`b O`cu
O`cu
O`f`b o`cu y`ba dnaub`c`b
dnaub`c`b d`m`g pigou`t`b
pigou`t`b b`ait nc`b dn E\. U`c`b`
Nbdh
Nbdh Zrng`
Zrng` `d`m`f
`d`m`f d`anba
d`anba nc`b
nc`b bnm`
bnm` y`ba
y`ba dnd`t`
dnd`t`bac
bac`b
`b d`rn
d`rn pum`u
pum`u s`ghsn
s`ghsnr 
r 
cigudn
cig udn`b
`b dnsngp
dnsngp`b
`b d`m`g
d`m`g eh
ehmd
md sthr`a
sthr`aii y`ba `d` dn Gu`r` O`ru, K`c`rt`.
O`f`b o`cu y`ba d`t`ba sud`f d`m`g oibtuc d`anba nc`b enbe`ba y`ba tim`f
dnoicuc`b d`b sud`f dncig`s d`m`g pm`stnc y`ba o`rucur`b 6 ca ubtuc tn`p
cig`s`bby`, tuku`bby` y`ntu ubtuc gigpirgud`f d`m`g prhsis pibahm`f`b,
ubtuc
ubtuc gibaur
gibaur`ba
`bann on`y`
on`y` d`m`g
d`m`g prhsis
prhsis piglnm
piglnmmit`
mit`b,
b, d`b ubtuc
ubtuc gibaur
gibaur`ba
`bann
mngo`f y`ba dnf`snmc`b.
Nc`b bnm` y`ba dnaub`c`b d`m`g ci`d``b sia`r d`b gignmncn cu`mnt`s y`ba
 o`nc y`ba f`by` tirdnrn d`rn o`an`b d`anbaby` s`k` t`bp` `d` e`gpur`b m`nb
sipirtn tum`ba, snsnc, dmm. Zrhsis pibirng``b o`f`b o`cu on`s`by` dnm`cuc`b
 p`d` sn`ba f`rn gibaaub`c`b ghonm ohx oirpibdnbanb ubtuc gigpirt`f`bc`b
gutu nc`b
nc`b sim`g` dn pirk`m`b`b.
pirk`m`b`b. Nc`b y`bay`ba o`ru d`t`ba m`basuba
m`basuba dnt`ba`bn
dnt`ba`bn
hmif PE (Pu`m
( Pu`mnty
nty Ehbtrhm 
Ehbtrhm ) ubtuc
ubtuc dnm`cuc`b
dnm`cuc`b pigirncs``b hra`bhmiptnc
hra`bhmiptnc d`b
sufu.. Uitim`f
sufu Uitim`f dnm`cuc`b
dnm`cuc`b pigirncs``b,
pigirncs``b, sim`bkutby`
sim`bkutby` nc`b dnpnbd`fc`b
dnpnbd`fc`b ci d`m`g
ehmd sthr`a
sthr`aii  diba
diba`b
`b sufu
sufu oirc
oircns
ns`r
`r -0-09º
9ºE
E di
diba
ba`b
`b giba
gibaauaub`
b`c`
c`b
b  p`mmit 
tuku`b
tuku`bby`
by` ubtuc
ubtuc gigpir
gigpirt`f
t`f`bc
`bc`b
`b sufu
sufu nc`b
nc`b p`d`
p`d` s``t dnsngp
dnsngp`b
`b sifnba
sifnbaa`
a`
gutub
gu tuby`
y` `c`b
`c`b tit`p
tit`p tirk`a`
tirk`a`.. E\. U`c`b`
U`c`b` Nbdh
Nbdh Zrng`
Zrng` gignmn
gignmncn
cn 0 (s`tu)
(s`tu) ehmd 

 sthr`ai o`f`b
 sthr`ai
 Lriizir  o`f`b
(@OL).o`cu, ? (du`) ehmd sthr`ai prhduc
sthr`ai prhduc `cfnr d`b 0 (s`tu)  @nr Om`st 

xxnnn
 

Uim`nb o`f`b o`cu d`m`g oibtuc

Uim`nb oibtuc  lnmmit nc`b oicu, o`f`b o`cu m`nb y`ba
`c`b
`c` b dnaub`
dnaub`c`b
c`b d`m`g
d`m`g pigou`
pigou`t`b
t`b b`ait
b`ait kua`
kua` dnpirsn
dnpirsn`pc
`pc`b
`b sipirtn
sipirtn tipuba
tipuba
t`pnhc`,
t`pnhc`, tipuba tirnau,
tirnau, tipuba
tipuba g`nzib`,
g`nzib`, whrtim
whrtim y`ba tim`f dnp`rut,
dnp`rut, o`w`ba
o`w`ba
gir`f y`ba tim`f dnf`musc`b, d`b o`f`b t`go`f`b m`nbby` sipirtn a`r`g, aum`,
gnby`c s`yur, m`d` d`b pibyid`p r`s`. T`f`p nbn sud`f sisu`n diba`b UBN
1196; ?:05 y`ba giba`t`c`b o`fw` o`f`b o`cu f`rus dnukn hra`bhmiptnc d`b
dnt`ba
dnt`ba`bn
`bn sie`r`
sie`r` eip`t,
eip`t, eirg`t
eirg`t d`b s`bnti
s`bntir.r. Zrhsis
Zrhsis pibirn
pibirng``b
g``b o`f`b
o`f`b o`cu
o`cu
d`p`t dnmnf`t p`d` A`go`r 4.

  A`go`r 4. Zibirng``b o`f`b o`cu

?) Zi
Zimu
mug`
g`t`t`bb
Uioimug dnm`cuc`b prhsis pimug`t`b, o`f`b o`cu d`m`g oibtuc lnmmit
oibtuc  lnmmit nc`b
 oicu dn tf`w
tf`wnb
nba
a tirmio
tirmionf
nf dumu ubtuc giburubc`
giburubc`b
b sufu d`b gigpirgud`
gigpirgud`f f
 prhsis pibahm`f`b sim`bkutby`. Zrhsis pimug`t`b dnm`cuc`b gibaaub`c`b
gisnb
gi snb  snmmibt euttir , tuku`bby`
tuku`bby` `a`r nc`b enbe`ba
enbe`ba oicu
oicu gibk`dn
gibk`dn f`beur d`b
migout. Zrhsis nbn oirm`basuba sim`g` 9-0: gibnt `t`u fnbaa` ticstur nc`b
sud`f oib`r-oib`r f`beur. Z`d` s``t prhsis pimug`t`b pirmu dnt`go`fc`b is
ubtuc gibeia`f cib`nc`b sufu `cno`t aisic`b. Zrhsis pimug`t`b d`p`t dnmnf`t
 p`d` A`go`r 9.

A`go`r 9. Zimug`t`b

5) Zi
Zibng
bngo`b
o`ba`b
a`b
Uitim`f dnm`cuc`b pibaanmnba`b, d`anba nc`b bnm` dntngo`ba sisu`n diba`b
 kugm`f y`ba dnoutufc`b, tuku`b pibngo`ba`b nbn y`ntu ubtuc gibait`fun
 kugm`f o`f`b o`cu d`b o`f`b t`go`f`b y`ba `c`b dnaub`c`b sifnbaa` `c`b
giba
gi baf`
f`sn
snmc
mc`b
`b pr
prhd
hduc
uc di
diba
ba`b
`b gutu
gutu d`d`b
b cu
cu`mn
`mnt`
t`ss y`
y`ba
ba sir`a
sir`a`g
`g.. Zrhs
Zrhsis
is
 pibngo`ba`b o`f`b o`cu oirup` d`anba nc`b bnm` sirt` o`f`b t`go`f`b m`nb

xxnv
 

sipirtnn whrtim
sipirt whrtim,, o`w`ba
o`w`ba gir`f,
gir`f, tipuba
tipuba t`pnhc
t`pnhc`,
`, tipuba
tipuba tirnau
tirnau d`b tipuba
tipuba
g`nzib` dnm`cuc`b diba`b gibaaub`c`b tngo`ba`b duduc sid`bac`b ubtuc 
 pibngo`ba`b ougou dnm`cuc`b dntigp`t tirpns`f hmif pitua`s cfusus, ougou-
 ougou y`ba `c`b dnaub`c`b dntngo`ba gibaaub`c`b tngo`ba`b dnant`m sisu`n
s isu`n
diba`b
diba`b t`c`r`b
t`c`r`b y`ba
y`ba tim
tim`f
`f dntibt
dntibtuc`
uc`b
b hmif
hmif pirus`
pirus`f``
f``b
b sitim`f
sitim`f ntu dncig`
dncig`ss
d`m`g pm`stnc diba`b ucur`b 0 ca. B`gub sioimug dnaub`c`b tngo`ba`b f`rus

sim`mu dn c`mnor`sn ubtuc gibafnbd`rn tirk`dnby` cis`m`f`b.

4) Zi
Zibe`
be`gpu
gpur`b
r`b
D`an
D` anba
ba ncnc`b
`b y`ba
y`ba su
sud`
d`f
f dndntn
tngo
go`b
`ba
a dn
dng`
g`su
succ
cc`b
`b ci d`
d`m`
m`g
g gisn
gisnb
b
 piba`dhb`b ( lhhd prheisshr) diba`b c`p`snt`s 09: ca s`gonm dnt`go`fc`b
whrtim, o`w`ba gir`f, gnby`c (gnby`c s`yur d`b gnby`c wnkib) d`b ougou-
 ougou y`ba tirdnrn d`rn a`r`g, aum`, m`d` pibyid`p r`s`, sirt` GUA y`ba
sud`f dncig`s d`m`g pm`stnc ucur`b 0 ca. Knc` `dhb`b sud`f tire`gpur r`t`,
m`mu t`go`fc`b sidncnt dign sidncnt tipuba tirnau, tipuba g`nzib`, d`b tipuba
t`pnhc` sisu`n diba`b t`c`r`b, cigudn`b tubaau sim`g` cur`ba mionf 09 gibnt
fnbaa` sigu` o`f`b tire`gpur r`t` d`b `dhb`b gibk`dn c`mns. Tuku`b d`rn
 pibe`gpur`b nbn y`ntu ubtuc gibe`gpurc`b o`f`b ut`g` d`b o`f`b-o`f`b
y`ba m`nbby` sifnbaa` dnf`snmc`b `dhb`b y`ba fhghaib. Zrhsis pibe`gpur`b
d`p`t dnmnf`t p`d` A`go`r <.

 
A`go`r <. Zibe`gpur`b

9) Zigo
Zigoibtu
ibtuc`b
c`b d`b Zim`pns
Zim`pns`b
`b
Zigo
Zigoibibtu
tuc`
c`bb giru
girup`
p`c`
c`bb su
su`t
`tu
u prprhs
hsisis gigo
gigoib
ibtu
tucc `d
`dhb
hb`b
`b fn
fnba
baa`
a`
gign
gi gnmn
mncn
cn oi
oibt
btuc
uc d`
d`b
b uc
ucur
ur`b
`b y`
y`ba
ba sir`a
sir`a`g `g.. T`f`
T`f`p
p pi
pigo
goib
ibtu
tuc`
c`b
b b`
b`ai
aitt
dnm`cuc`b sie`r` g`bu`m hmif c`ry`w`b-c`ry`w`b y`ba sud`f tirm`tnf diba`b
gibaaub`c`b `m`t pibeit`c y`ba tirou`t d`rn pm`stnc oiroibtuc nc`b `a`r f`snm
`cfnrby` gignmncn oibtuc y`ba mionf gib`rnc. Zigoibtuc`b dnm`cuc`b diba`b
giba`gonm sidncnt `dhb`b m`mu dnr`t`c`b dn`t`s pibeit`c`b gibaaub`c`b shdit
sitim`f ntu pirguc``b eit`c`b dno`s`fn gibaaub`c`b sidncnt `nr `a`r `dhb`b
tnd`c mibacit s``t `c`b dnmip`sc`b.
@dhb`b y`ba sud`f dnmip`sc`b d`rn `m`t pibeit`c sim`bkutby` dnmugurn
diba`b tipuba p`bnr fnbaa` simuruf o`an`b `dhb`b b`ait tirtutup, sim`bkutby`
b`ait dnsusub d`m`g mhy`ba st`nbmiss
mhy`ba  st`nbmiss stiim  ubtuc
  ubtuc dncucus. Zrhsis pibyusub`b
b`ait
b`a it f`rus
f`rus dnm`cu
dnm`cuc`b
c`b sie`r`
sie`r` r`pn
r`pn y`ntu
y`ntu sitn`p
sitn`p b`ait
b`ait nc`b
nc`b f`rus
f`rus gibutu
gibutupn
pn
muo`ba y`ba `d` p`d` o`an`b o`w`f mhy`ba sifnbaa` g`gpu gigpireip`t
 prhsis pig`s`c`b, c`rib` u`p p`b`s d`rn  sti`gir `c`b gud`f g`suc `t`u

xxv
 

gibyir`p
gibyir`p cid`m`g
cid`m`g b`ait.
b`ait. Zrhsis
Zrhsis pigoib
pigoibtuc
tuc`b
`b `dhb`b
`dhb`b d`p`t
d`p`t dnmnf`
dnmnf`tt p`d`
p`d`
A`go`r 1.

 
A`go`r 1. Zigoibtuc`b `dhb`b
 
<) Zi
Zibau
baucucus`b
s`b
Zrhsis pibaucus`b b`ait dnm`cuc`b diba`b gibaaub`c`b gisnb sti`gir 
gisnb  sti`gir 
diba`b sufu 0::ºE sim`g` cur`ba mionf 09 gibnt. D`m`g s`tu gisnb sti`gir 
d`p`t gigu`t 0? mhy`ba b`ait. Tuku`b ut`g` d`rn pibaucus`b nbn `d`m`f ubtuc 
gibaur`ban c`d`r `nr d`m`g o`f`b o`cu. Zrhsis pibaucus`b d`p`t gigoibtuc 
aim p`d` prhduc c`rib` `d`by` piba`ruf d`rn sufu tnbaan siw`ctu prhsis nbn
 oirm`basuba, sim`nb ntu giburut U`bthsh (?:09) aim d`p`t tiroibtuc c`rib`
`d`by` `ctnb d`b gyhsnb y`ba o`by`c tirc`bduba d`m`g d`anba nc`b. Zrhsis
 pibaucus`b d`p`t dnmnf`t p`d` A`go`r
A`go`r 6.

 
A`go`r 6. Zibaucus`b

1) Zi
Zibnr
bnrns`
ns`bb
Uitim`
Uit im`f
f b`ait
b`ait simis`n
simis`n dncucu
dncucuss cigudn
cigudn`b
`b dnmit`
dnmit`c`b
c`b p`d`
p`d` r`c pibnrn
pibnrns`b
s`b
 oirtnbac`t, ubtuc dndnbanbc`b s`gonm dnpns`fc`b s`tu pir s`tu o`an`b b`ait
y`ba g`snf gibigpim c`rib` prhsis pibaucus`b t`dn. Zrhsis pibnrns`b nbn
dno`
dno`bt
btu
u diba
diba`b
`b omhw
omhwir
ir y`ba
y`ba tird
tird`p
`p`t
`t p`d`
p`d` sisitn
tn`p
`p uk
ukub
uba
a gik`
gik` ub
ubtu
tuc 
c 
giburubc`b sufu b`ait, c`rib` knc` b`ait y`ba g`snf p`b`s d`b gignmncn u`p
`nr m`basu
m`basubaba dncig`
dncig`ss b`btnb
b`btnby`
y` `c`b
`c`b gud`f
gud`f dntugo
dntugoufnufn o`ctir
o`ctirnn d`b k`gur.
k`gur.
Zrhsis pibnrns`b nbn gigirmuc`b w`ctu cur`ba mionf 09 gibnt `t`u fnbaa`
b`ait oib`r-oib`r sud`f dnbanb. Zrhsis pibnrns`b d`p`t dnmnf`t p`d` A`go`r >.

xxvn
 

A`go`r >. Zibnrns`b

6) Ziba
Zibaig`s
ig`s`b`b d`b Zibngo`b
Zibngo`ba`b a`b
 B`ait y`ba sud`f simis`n
simis `n dntnrnsc`b sim`bkutby`
s im`bkutby` dnsusub r`pnf d`b dncig`s
d`m`g cig`s`b pm`stnc kibns Zhmnitnmib (ZI) diba`b ucur`b ?9 x ?: y`ba sud`f
dnoirn m`oim d`b chdi ixpnrid . Zm`stnc ZI dnpnmnf c`rib` kibns pm`stnc nbn d`p`t
 oirt`f`b p`d` sufu dnbanb d`b p`b`s, t`f`b tirf`d`p oibtur`b d`b rhoic,
gignmncn snl`t y`ba im`stns, d`b d`p`t dnaub`c`b p`d` o`f`b p`ba`b y`ba
dnsngp
dnsngp`b`b d`m`g
d`m`g sufu
sufu dnbanb
dnbanb,, c`rib`
c`rib` prhduc
prhduc-pr
-prhdu
hduc
c y`ba
y`ba dnf`snm
dnf`snmc`b
c`b E\.
U`c`b`` Nbdh Zrng` girup`c`b
U`c`b girup`c`b prhduc-prh
prhduc-prhducduc  lrhzib y`ba f`rus dnoicuc`b
ubtuc gigpirp`bk`ba ugur sngp`bby`. 
sngp`bby`. 
Uitim`f
Uitim` f dncig`s,
dncig`s, sim`bkutby`
sim`bkutby` b`ait dntngo`ba diba`b oir`t 0 (s`tu) ou`f
cig`s`b y`ntu 9:: ar`g y`ba dnd`m`gby` tird`p`t cur`ba mionf mi onf ?9 ou`f b`ait,
sitim`f ntu cig`s`b dn si`mir
 si`mir gibaaub`c`b gisnb si`mir
gisnb si`mir ubtuc gigpirp`bk`ba
ugur sngp`bby` c`rib` s``t dn si`mir
 si`mir hcsnaib p`d` cig`s`b dncimu`rc`b d`b
gncrhhra`bnsgi `b`irho d`p`t dnf`go`t pirtugouf`bby`. Uim`nb ntu tuku`b
d`rn pibaig`s`b `d`m` ubtuc gibk`a` d`b gimnbduban prhduc d`rn chbt`gnb`sn
d`b a`baau`b lnsnc sipirtn aisic`b d`b oibtur`b. Zrhsis pibaig`s`b d`p`t
dnmnf`t p`d` A`go`r 0:.

 
A`go`r 0:. Zibaig`s`b

>) Zi
Zigo
goic
icu`
u`bb
 B`ait y`ba sud`f simis`n dncig`s sim`bkutby` dnsusub d`m`g pm`stnc ois`r 
y`ba gigu`t 0: p`ec b`ait/ pm`stnc by`, sitim`f ntu dnnc`t diba`b cibe`ba m`mu

xxvnn
 

dnsusub d`m`g cir`bk`ba ubtuc dnoicuc`b diba`b gibaaub`c`b @OL ( @nr 

 Om`st Lriizir) 
Lriizir)   sim`g`
sim`g` s`tu
s`tu g`m`g,
g`m`g, sufu y`ba
y`ba dnaub`
dnaub`c`b
c`b y`ntu -9ºE. @OL
`d`m`f
`d` m`f siou`f
siou`f mhrhb
mhrhba
a diba`b
diba`b ud`r`
ud`r` dnbanb
dnbanb y`ba
y`ba dnsnrc
dnsnrcum`
um`snc
snc`b
`b ci sicnt`
sicnt`r 
r 
 prhduc y`ba `c`b dnoicuc`b diba`b o`btu`b cnp`s `banb` sitim`f gimiw`tn
iv`phr
iv` phr`th
`thr.
r. Zrhduc
Zrhduc b`ait
b`ait f`rus
f`rus dnoicu
dnoicuc`b
c`b sioimu
sioimug
g dndnstr
dndnstrnou
nousnc
snc`b
`b c`rib`
c`rib`
dnstrnousn d`m`g chbdnsn oicu `c`b gibaf`go`t `ctnvnt`s gncrho` pibyio`o

cirus`c`b. Zrhsis pigoicu`b d`p`t dnmnf`t p`d` A`go`r 00.

 
A`go`r 00. Zigoicu`b

0:) Zibyn
Zibyngp`gp`b`b
b`b oic
oicu
u
Uitim`f dnoicuc`b sim`g` s`tu g`m`g sim`bkutby` b`ait dnsngp`b d`m`g
ehmd sthr`ai diba`
diba`b
b c`p`snt`s
c`p`snt`s 0? thb, y`ba sufuby`
sufuby` gibe`p`n
gibe`p`n -06ºE.
-06ºE. Tuku`b
Tuku`b
 pibyngp`b`b nbn ubtuc gigpirp`bk`ba d`y` sngp`b prhduc, c`rib` sufu
ribd`f g`gpu gibaf`go`t `ctnvnt`s d`b pirtugouf`b gncrhhra`bnsgi sirt`
g`gpu gibeia`f tirk`dnby` ri`csn-ri`csn cngn` d`b fnm`baby` c`d`r `nr d`rn
 o`f`b p`ba`b. D`m`g pibyngp`b`b oicu nbn pirmu dntir`pc`b snstig LNLH
( Lnrst
 Lnrst Nb Lnrst Hut
Hut)) y`ntu
y`ntu prhduc
prhduc y`ba pirt`g`
pirt`g` c`mn g`suc
g`suc cid`m`g
cid`m`g ehmd 
 sthr`ai, g`c` prhduc ntu kua` y`ba f`rus dncimu`rc`b tirmionf dumu. Zrhduc 
y`
y`ba
ba tim`
tim`f
f dnoi
dnoicu
cuc`
c`bb gign
gignmn
mncn
cn d`
d`y`
y` sngp`
sngp`b
b si
sim`g
m`g`` 0? ou
oum`
m`b
b di
diba
ba`b
`b
 pibyngp`b`b dno`w`f sufu oicu. Zrhsis pibyngp`b`b oicu d`p`t dnmnf`t p`d`
A`go`r 0?.

 
A`go`r 0?. Zibyngp`b`b oicu

4.< _ibdigib
Ziba`g`t`b ribdigib b`ait nc`b bnm` gir`f dnm`cuc`b gum`n d`rn t`f`p
 pibirng``b o`f`b o`cu s`gp`n ci t`f`p pibaucus`b.
pibaucus`b. F`snm pirfntuba`b ribdigib
b`ait nc`b bnm` gir`f d`p`t dnmnf`t p`d` T`oim 4.

xxvnnn
 

T`oim 4. F`snm pirfntuba`b ribdigib

T`f` p`b Oir`t @w`m Oir`t @cfnr Zrisibt`si
Zibirng``b o`f`b o`cu 46 ca 46 ca 0::%
Zibaanmnba`b 46 ca 49,54 ca >4%
Ziba`dhb`b 49,54 ca 15,54 ca 0<0%
Zibeit`c`b 15,54 ca 6>,54 ca 0?0%
Zibaucus`b 6>,54 ca >4,54 ca 0:9%
Zibnrns`b >4,54 ca >?,54 ca >1%
O`f`b o`cu ― prhduc `cfnr 46 ca >?,54 ca 0>?%
Oird`s`rc
Oird`s `rc`b
`b t`oim
t`oim dn`t`s
dn`t`s,, g`c`
g`c` ribdig
ribdigib
ib y`ba
y`ba dnpirh
dnpirhmif
mif d`rn
d`rn t`f`p
t`f`p
 pibirng``b o`f`b o`cu fnbaa` ci t`f`p pibnrns`b siois`r 0>?%. Uim`nb ntu
 oird`s`rc`b t`oim dn`t`s d`p`t dnsngpumc`b o`fw` f`snm pirfntuba`b ribdigib dn
sitn`p
sitn`p t`f`p`
t`f`p`b
b gignmn
gignmncn
cn bnm`n
bnm`n y`ba
y`ba oiroid
oiroid`-oi
`-oid`.
d`. F`m nbn dnpiba
dnpiba`ru
`rufn
fn hmif
hmif
 oioir`p` l`cthr sipirtn oir`t `w`m o`f`b o`cu y`ba dnaub`c`b, piba`ruf `d`by`
 pib`go`f`b o`f`b t`go`f`b s``t prhsis pibahm`f`b, d`b ci`fmn`b sirt`
citir`gpnm`b picirk`, c`rib` picirk` y`ba tirahmhba `fmn d`b tir`gpnm gigpuby`n
 piba`m`g`b d`b citimntn`b y`ba mionf o`nc sifnbaa` `c`b gibaf`snmc`b ribdigib
y`ba mionf ois`r. Zirfntuba`b ribdigib d`p`t dnmnf`t p`d` M`gpnr`b 5.

4.1 Ziba`g`t`b Gutu Hra`bhmiptnc 

4.1.0 Gutu Hra`bhmiptnc O`f`b O`cu
Gutu o`f`b o`cu y`ba o`nc `c`b gigpiba`rufn cu`mnt`s d`rn prhduc 
`cfnr y`ba dnf`snmc`b. O`f`b o`cu y`ba dnaub`c`b d`m`g pigou`t`b b`ait
nbn `d`m`f d`anba nc`b enbe`ba oicu. Ybtuc gibait`fun o`fw` o`f`b o`cu
tirsio
tirsiout
ut o`
o`nc
nc g`c`
g`c` dnm`
dnm`cu
cuc`
c`b
b pi
piba
bauk
ukn`
n`b
b hrhra`
a`bh
bhmi
mipt
ptnc
nc y`y`ba
ba gimn
gimnpu
putn
tn
cib`gp`c`b (sitim`f tf`wnba)
tf`wnba),, o`u d`b ticstur. Zibaukn`b nbn dnm`cuc`b hmif
< (ib`g) hr`ba p`bimns tirm`tnf y`ba gigpuby`n cipic``b eucup o`nc. Bnm`n
hra`bhmiptnc o`f`b o`cu d`p`t dnmnf`t p`d` T`oim 9.

T`oim 9. Bnm`n Hra`bhmiptnc O`f`b O`cu

Ziba`g`t`b Bnm`n Ungp`ba`b O O``cu Bnm`n Hr
Hra`bhmiptnc UBN ?<
?<><;?:05
0 6,?4 ≤ ν ≤  6,9< 6

? 6,:5 ≤ ν ≤  6,:9 6 1
5 1,>9 ≤ ν ≤  6,69 6
4 6,01 ≤ ν ≤  6,45 6
Oird`s`rc``b f`snm pibaukn`b hra`bhmiptnc o`f`b o`cu gibaaub`c`b
 sehrisfiit UBUBNN ?<
?<><
><;?
;?:0
:05
5 dnpi
dnpirh
rhmi
mif
f bnm`
bnm`nn di
diba
ba`b
`b r`
r`t`-
t`-r`
r`t`
t` 6, f`
f`mm nb
nbnn
gibubkucc`b o`fw` o`f`b o`cu sud`f sisu`n d`b gigibufn pirsy`r`t`b UBN
?<><;?:05 y`ba gignmncn bnm`n hra`bhmiptnc gnbng`m 1. F`m nbn dnpirhmif
c`rib` pirus`f``b sim`mu gibaaub`c`b o`f`b o`cu y`ba gignmncn cu`mnt`s
 o`nc d`b p`d` s``t pib`ba`b`b dnm`cuc`b sie`r` eip`t d`b f`tn-f`tn sirt`
gigp
gi gpir
irf`
f`tn
tnc`
c`b
b r`bt`n
r`bt`n dnba
dnbanb
nbby
by`` sifnb
sifnbaa
aa`` gutu
gutuby
by`` tit`p
tit`p onons`
s` ti
tirk`
rk`a`
a`..
Zibnm`n`b hra`bhmiptnc o`f`b o`cu d`p`t dnmnf`t p`d` M`gpnr`b 4.

4.1.? Gutu Hra`bhmiptnc Zrhduc @cfnr

Gutu
Gutu pr
prhd
hduc
uc `c
`cfn
fnrr b`
b`ai
aitt dnuk
dnuknn di
diba
ba`b
`b pi
pibn
bnm`
m`n`
n`b
b sibsh
sibshrn
rn di
diba
ba`b
`b
giba`gonm s`gpim sie`r` `e`c d`b gim`cuc`b pibnm`n`b y`ba gimnputn `spic 

xxnx
 

ci
cib`
b`gp
gp`c
`c`b
`b,, o`
o`u,
u, r`s`
r`s` d`
d`b
b ticstu
ticstur.
r. Ziba
Zibauk
ukn`
n`b
b gutu
gutu pr prhd
hduc
uc `c
`cfn
fnrr nb
nbnn
dnm`cuc`b ubtuc gibait`fun gutu b`ait nc`b y`ba dntirng` hmif chbsugib.
Zibaukn`b nbn dnm`cuc`b hmif < (ib`g) hr`ba p`bimns tirm`tnf y`ba gigpuby`n
cipic``b eucup o`nc. Bnm`n sibshrn prhduc `cfnr d`p`t dnmnf`t p`d` T`oim <.

T`oim <. Bnm`n Uibshrn Zrhduc @cfnr 

Ziba`g`t`b Bnm`n Ungp`ba`b O`cu Bnm`n Hra`bhmiptnc UBN 1196;?:05
0 6,4? ≤ ν ≤  6,96 6
? 6,?< ≤ ν ≤  6,14 6
5 6,:< ≤ ν ≤  6,94 6 1
4 6,:1 ≤ ν ≤  6,15 6
Oird`s`rc``b f`snm pibaukn`b hra`bhmiptnc prhduc `cfnr gibaaub`c`b
 sehrisfiit UB
UBNN 1196
1196;?
;?:0
:055 dnpi
dnpirh
rhmi
mif
f bnm`
bnm`nn di
diba
ba`b
`b r`
r`t`
t`-r
-r`t
`t`` 6, f`
f`mm nb
nbnn
gibubkucc`b o`fw` prhduc `cfnr sud`f sisu`n d`b gigibufn pirsy`r`t`b
UBN 1196;?:05
1196;?:05 y`ba gignmncn
gignmncn bnm`n hra`bhmipt
hra`bhmiptnc
nc gnbng`m
gnbng`m 1. F`m nbn c`rib`
 o`f`b o`cu y`ba dnaub`c`b d`m`g pigou`t`b gignmncn cu`mnt`s y`ba o`nc 
sifnbaa` d`p`t gibaf`snmc`b prhduc `cfnr y`ba o`nc kua`, sim`nb ntu sim`g`
 prhsis pibahm`f`bby` s`bnt`sn, fyanibi sirt` r`bt`n dnbanbby` sim`mu dnk`a`
c`
c`ri
rib`
b` `c
`c`b
`b oioirp
rpib
iba`
a`ru
ruff tirf
tirf`d
`d`p
`p prprhd
hduc
uc y`y`ba
ba dn
dnf`
f`sn
snmc
mc`b
`b.. Zi
Zibn
bnm`
m`n`b
n`b
hra`bhmiptnc prhduc `cfnr d`p`t dnmnf`t p`d` M`gpnr`b 9.

4.6 @b`mnsns Uiagibt`sn Z`s`r

Zig`s`r`b `d`m`f su`tu prhsis piby`mur`b o`r`ba-o`r`ba d`rn prhdusib
fnbaa` s`gp`n ci t`ba`b chbsugib. Zig`s`r`b ons` dnc`t`c`b oirk`m`b ilictnl 
 onm` `d` cisisu`n`b `bt`r` prhducsn diba`b cioutuf`b chbsugsn. Cian`t`b
 pig`s`r`b gibe`bacup o`by`c f`m, d`b piba`bacut`b (dnstrnousn) girup`c`b
s`m`f s`tu cian`t`b y`ba s`ba`t pibtnba d`b gibibtuc`b. @mur pig`s`r`b dn E\.
U`c`b` Nbdh Zrng` d`p`t dnmnf`t p`d` A`go`r 05.

E\. U`c`b` Nbdh Zrng`

Dnstrnouthr 

@aib

_isimmir

Chbsugib

A`go`r 05. @mur pig`s`r`b dn E\. U`c`b` Nbdh Zrng`

xxx
 

Ybtuc s`gp`n ci t`ba`b chbsugib E\. U`c`b` Nbdh Zrng` gim`cuc`b

siou`f `mur pig`s`r`b diba`b gim`cuc`b cirk` s`g` diba`b dnstrnouthr ois`r 
sipirtn U`mng`f
U`mng`f  lhhd   d`b
d`b @z-zncr`, dng`b` pirus`f``b tirsiout gibku`m prhduc 
s`c`b` b`gub gibaaub`c`b or`bd giric` sibdnrn tit`pn tit`p gibe`btugc`b
 o`fw` prhduc tirsiout dnou`t hmif E\. U`c`b` Nbdh Zrng`.
Uim`nb
Uim `nb ntu E\. U`c`b`
U`c`b` Nbdh
Nbdh Zrng`
Zrng` kua`
kua` gignmn
gignmncn
cn k`rnba
k`rnba`b
`b dnstrno
dnstrnouth
uthr 
r 
sibdnr
sib dnrnn y`ba
y`ba oir`d`
oir`d` dn oiro`a
oiro`a`n
`n d`ir`f
d`ir`f sipirt
sipirtnn O`bdub
O`bduba,
a, C`r`w`b
C`r`w`ba, a, Oic`sn,
Oic`sn,
Uig`r`ba, M`gpuba, @eif d`b O`mn. Dnstrnouthr tirsiout y`ba `c`b giby`murc`b
 prhducby` cip`d` `aib-`aib y`ba `d` dn tn`p tigp`t. Cigudn`b `aib-`aib
tirsiou
tirsioutt gig`s`r
gig`s`rc`b
c`b prhduc
prhducby
by`` cip`d`
cip`d` risimmir
risimmir g`upub
g`upub m`basu
m`basuba
ba cip`d`
cip`d`
chbsugib. Uid`bac`b chbsugib ons` gigoimn prhduc gim`mun risimmir g`upub
m`basuba p`d` `aib. Zrhduc d`rn E\. U`c`b` Nbdh Zrng` oimug g`suc ci p`s`r 
ghdirb
ghd irb sifnba
sifnbaa`
a` ubtuc
ubtuc s`gp`n
s`gp`n ci t`ba`b
t`ba`b chbsug
chbsugib,
ib, E\.U`c
E\.U`c`b``b` Nbdh
Nbdh Zrng`
Zrng`
f`rus gimiw`tn dnstrnouthr-dnstrnouthr dn`t`s.
Ybtu
Yb tucc giba
gibanr nrng
ngc`
c`bb pr
prhd
hduc
ucby
by`` E\
E\.. U`U`c`
c`b`
b` f`f`by
by`` giba
gibaau
aub`
b`c`
c`b
b
tr`bsp
tr`bsphrt
hrt`sn
`sn d`r`t
d`r`t y`ntu
y`ntu gibaau
gibaaub`c
b`c`b
`b ghonm
ghonm tfirgh
tfirgh y`ba
y`ba sud`f
sud`f dnmiba
dnmibac`p
c`pnn
 pibdnbanb ubtuc gibk`a` gutu d`b cu`mnt`s prhduc. T`rait pig`s`r`b prhduc 
s`c`b` nbn `d`m`f ci oiro`a`n c`m`ba`b diba`b sigu` kibns ugur cieu`mn `b`c-
`b`c dno`w`f ugur ? t`fub.

4.> @b`mnsns Ciu`ba`b

@b`mnsns ciu`ba`b p`d` E\. U`c`b` Nbdh Zrng` gimnputn on`y` tit`p, on`y`
tnd`c tit`p, pibd`p`t`b, ciubtuba`b d`b OIZ diba`b o`sns pirfntuba`b prhducsn
ubtuc s`tu oum`b diba`b rnben`b sio`a`n oirncut;

0) On`y` Tit`p ( lnxid ehst)

On`y`
On` y` tit`p
tit`p `d`m`f
`d`m`f on`y`
on`y` y`ba
y`ba kugm`f
kugm`fby`
by` tit
tit`p,
`p, tnd`c
tnd`c tira`b
tira`btub
tuba
a p`d`
p`d`
 piruo`f`b kugm`f prhducsn. On`y` tit`p on`s`by` ons` dnfntuba pir oum`b `t`upub
 pir t`fub d`b pibaaub``bby` tnd`c f`ons d`m`g s`tu g`s` prhducsn sipirtn on`y`
 pibyusut`b, tib`a` cirk` tit`p, mnstrnc dmm. Kugm`f on`y` tit`p y`ba tird`p`t p`d`
E\.U`c`b` Nbdh Zrng` d`m`g prhsis pigou`t`b b`ait nc`b siois`r _p>.4:6.054
 pir oum`bbby`. F`snm pirfntuba`b on`y` nbvist`sn d`b on`y` tit`p d`p`t dnmnf`t
 p`d` M`gpnr`b < d`b 1.

?) On`y` Tnd`c Tit`p (v`rn`oim

( v`rn`oim ehst)
On`y`
On` y` tnd`c
tnd`c tit`p
tit`p girup`
girup`c`b
c`b on`y`
on`y` y`ba
y`ba kugm`f
kugm`fby`
by` oiruo`
oiruo`f-u
f-uo`f
o`f sisu`n
sisu`n
diba`b piruo`f`b tnbac`t prhducsn d`b snl`tby` f`ons d`m`g s`tu c`mn prhducsn.
Kugm`f on`y` tnd`c tit`p y`ba tird`p`t p`d` E\.U`c`b` Nbdh Zrng` d`m`g prhsis
 pigou`t`b b`ait nc`b siois`r _p45.41:.::: pir oum`bbby`. F`snm pirfntuba`b
 on`y` tnd`c tit`p d`p`t dnmnf`t p`d` M`gpnr`b 1.

5) Zi
Zibd`
bd`p`t
p`t`b
`b
D`m`
D` m`g
g s`tu
s`tu ou
oum`
m`b
b E\.
E\. U`c`
U`c`b`
b` Nb
Nbdh
dh Zr
Zrng
ng`` gim`c
gim`cuc
uc`b
`b pr
prhs
hsis
is pr
prhd
hduc
ucsn
sn
sio`by`c 6 c`mn, d`b d`m`g 0 f`rn prhducsn d`p`t gibaf`snmc`b 4:: oubacus,
sifnbaa` d`m`g s`tu oum`b `c`b gibaf`snmc`b 5.?:: oubacus b`ait nc`b, diba`b
 pibd`p`t`b pir oum`bby` siois`r _p<9.<::.:::
_p<9.<::.::: pir oum`b.

xxxn
 

4) Ci
Ciubt
ubtub
uba`b
a`b
Ciubtu
Ciu btuba`
ba`b
b `t`u
`t`u pibd`p
pibd`p`t`
`t`b
b oirsnf
oirsnf `d`m`f
`d`m`f ois`rb
ois`rby`
y` pibirn
pibirng``
g``bb sitim`f
sitim`f
dncur`ban diba`b on`y` y`ba dncimu`rc`b ubtuc prhsis prhducsn, o`nc on`y` tit`p
`t`upub tnd`c tit`p. F`snm pirfntuba`b gibubkucc`b ciubtuba`b y`ba dnd`p`t

 p`d` us`f` pigou`t`b b`ait nc`b pir oum`bby`

oum`bby` siois`r _p0?.1?0.6<<.
9) OIZ ( Ori`c
 Ori`c Ivibt Zhnbt)
Zhnbt)
OIZ `d`m`f @b`mnsns ubtuc gibafntuba fuouba`b `bt`r` on`y` tit`p, on`y`
tnd`c tit`p, ciubtuba`b d`b on`y` prhducsn. Zirfntuba`b OIZ dnaub`c`b ubtuc 
gibibtuc`b
gibib tuc`b o`t`s gnbngug
gnbngug vhmugi
vhmugi pibku`m`b
pibku`m`b `a`r su`tu pirus`f``b
pirus`f``b tnd`c ruan.
OIZ `c`b gibnbac`t knc` on`y` tit`p gibnbac`t d`b `c`b turub knc` on`y` tit`p
 kua` turub, oiantu kua` diba`b
diba`b on`y` v`rn`oim by`.
Oird`s`rc`b
Oird` s`rc`b f`snm pirfntuba
pirfntuba`b
`b y`ba dnm`cuc`b
dnm`cuc`b dnpirhmif
dnpirhmif OIZ (ubnt) sio`by`c 
sio`by`c 
0.4<
0.4<<< ououba
bacu
cuss pi
pirr ou
oum`
m`bb
bby`
y` d`d`b
b OIZ
OIZ (rupn
(rupn`f
`f)) si
sioi
ois`r
s`r _p?1
_p?1.6.666
66.9
.94>
4> pi
pir 
r 
 oum`bby` diba`b c`p`snt`s 4?,90%. F`m nbn gibkim`sc`b o`fw` us`f` pigou`t`b
b`
b`ai
aitt nc
nc`b
`b tnd`
tnd`c
c giba
giba`m `m`g
`gnn ru
ruan
an `t`up
`t`upub
ub ub
ubtu
tuba
ba (ngp`
(ngp`s)
s) s``t
s``t pr
prhd
hduc
uc m`
m`cu
cu
sio`by`c 0.5<: oubacus diba`b pibd`p`t`b tn`p oum`bby` siois`r _p?1.666.94>
ubtuc mionf kim`sby` d`p`t dnmnf`t p`d` A`go`r 04, sid`bac`b pirfntuba`b OIZ
d`p`t dnmnf`t p`d` M`gpnr`b 6.

_p1:,:::,:::

_p<:,:::,:::

_p9:,:::,:::

    ) _p4:,:::,:::
   p
   _
    ( On`y` Tit`p
   `
   y
   `
   n
_p5:,:::,::: OIZ 4?,90% On`y` Oiruo`f
   O
On`y` Tht`m
_p?:,:::,::: F`snm Zibku`m`b

_p0:,:::,:::

 _p-
: 0: ?: 5: 4: 9: <: 1: 6: > : 0 :: 0
000:
C`p`snt`s (%)

A`go`r 04. Ar`lnc tntnc ngp`s (OIZ)

xxxnn
 

9. CIUNGZYM@B D@B U@_@B

9.0 Cisngpum`b
Oird`s`
Oir d`s`rc`
rc`bb f`snm
f`snm piba`g
piba`g`t`b
`t`b y`ba
y`ba dnm`cu
dnm`cuc`b
c`b dn E\. U`c`b`
U`c`b` Nbdh
Nbdh Zrng`
Zrng`
g`c` d`p`t dnsngpumc`b oioir`p` f`m `bt`r` m`nb sio`a`n oirncut;
0. @mur prhsis pigou`t`b b`ait nc`b bnm` dn E\ U`c`b` Nbdh Zrng` gimnputn
 pibirng``b o`f`b o`cu, pimug`t`b, pibngo`ba`b, pibe`gpur`b,
 pigoibtuc`b d`b pim`pns`b, pibaucus`b, pibnrns`b, pibaig`s`b d`b
 pibngo`ba`b, pigoicu`b
pigoicu`b d`b pibyngp`b`b dnbanb.
?. _ibdigib y`ba dnpirhmif p`d` t`f`p pibirng``b o`f`b o`cu 0::%, t`f`p
 pimug`t`b >4%, t`f`p piba`dhb`b 0<0%, t`f`p pigoibtuc`b d`b
 pim`pns`b 0?0%, t`f`p pibaucus`b 0:9% d`b t`f`p pibnrns`b >1%,
sifnbaa` tht`m ribdigib y`ba dnpirhmif d`rn t`f`p pibirng``b o`f`b o`cu
fnbaa` pibnrns`b siois`r 0>?%.
5. Gu
Gutu
tu o`f`b
o`f`b o`cu
o`cu d`b prhduc
prhduc `cfnr
`cfnr d`rn
d`rn f`snm
f`snm pibauk
pibaukn`b
n`b hra`bh
hra`bhmip
miptnc 
tnc 
gign
gi gnmn
mncn
cn bnm`
bnm`nn r`t`
r`t`-r`
-r`t`
t` 6, f`
f`mm nb
nbnn su
sud`
d`f
f gigi
gigibubufn
fn pi
pirsy
rsy`r
`r`t`
`t`b
b UBN
UBN
?<><;?:05 tibt`ba lnmmit
tibt`ba lnmmit nc`b oicu d`b UBN 1196;?:05 tibt`ba b`ait nc`b.
4. @b`mnsns siagibt`sn p`s`r dn E\. U`c`b` Nbdh Zrng` y`ntu pirus`f``b nbn
tim`f oicirk` s`g` diba`b pnf`c dnstrnouthr ubtuc giby`murc`b prhducby`
sioimug s`gp`n ci t`ba`b chbsugib.
9. @b`mnsns us`f` y`ba tird`p`t dn E\. U`c`b` Nbdh Zrng` gimnputn tht`m
 pibd`p`t`b pir oum`bby` siois`r _p<9.<::.::: sifnbaa` dnpirhmif
ciubtuba`b siois`r _p0?.1?0.6<< pir oum`bby`. Uim`nb ntu dnpirhmif kua`
OIZ (ubnt) sio`by`c 0.5<: oubacus d`b OIZ (ru (rupn`f) si
sio
ois
is``r 
_p?1.666.94>.

9.? U`r`b
Zrhlisnhb`mnt`s c`ry`w`b d`m`g oicirk` pirmu dnpirf`tnc`b m`an c`rib` `c`b
 oirpiba`ruf tirf`d`p bnm`n ribdigib y`ba dnf`snmc`b.
dnf`snmc`b.

xxxnnn
 

D@LT@_ ZYUT@C@

O`d`b
O`d`b Ut`bd`
Ut`bd`rns`
rns`sn
sn B`snhb`
B`snhb`m.
m. (?:05`
(?:05`)) ‖UBN
‖UBN 1196;?
1196;?:05
:05 Buaait
Buaait nc`b„,
nc`b„, O`d`b
O`d`b
Ut`bd`rns`sn B`snhb`m, K`c`rt`

O`d`b Ut`bd`rns`sn B`snhb`m. (?:05o) ‖UBN ?<><;?:05 Lnmmit Nc`b Oicu„, O`d`b
Ut`bd`rns`sn B`snhb`m, K`c`rt`
O`d`b
O`d`b Ut`bd`
Ut`bd`rns`
rns`sn
sn B`snhb
B`snhb`m.
`m. (?:09
(?:09)) ‖UBN
‖UBN 5995;?
5995;?:09
:09 @nr Gnbir`m
Gnbir`m„,
„, O`d`b
O`d`b
Ut`bd`rns`sn B`snhb`m, K`c`rt`
@rnohwh, K. (?:0:) ‖C`r`ctirns`sn \`rnit`s Ybaaum`b Nc`b Bnm` (Hrihefrhgns
( Hrihefrhgns Up)
Up)
Dn Orhhds
Orhhdsthe
thec
c Eibtri
Eibtri,, U`tcir
U`tcir Zon`t
Zon`t K`btn,
K`btn, Cm`tib
Cm`tib Oird`s
Oird`s`rc
`rc`b
`b Enrn
Enrn
Ghrlhm
Ghr lhmhan
han D`b Zhm`
Zhm` Znt
Znt`` Uirt`
Uirt` C`bdub
C`bduba`b
a`b Zrhtin
Zrhtinbby
bby`„,
`„, Ucrnps
Ucrnpsn,
n,..
Ybnvirsnt`s Uioim`s G`rit, f`m 0-<6.
L`tsierit
L`tsierit Nbdhbisn`
Nbdhbisn` (?::6) ‖L`tUierit
‖L`tUierit Zm`tlhrg @ZN„, 4 Lioru`rn
Lioru`rn ?::6.
?::6. D`p`t
dn`csis dn fttps;//ghonmi.l`tsierit.eh.nd (?
fttps;//ghonmi.l`tsierit.eh.nd (? Disigoir ?:0>)
F`ps`rn, @. Ghf`gg`d N. (?:06) ‖@b`mnsns Uiagibt`sn Z`s`r L`sfnhb Q`bnt`
Oird
Oird`s
`s`r
`rc`
c`b
b Ghtn
Ghtnll Zi
Zigo
goimimn`
n`b
b d`b
d`b Ufhp
Ufhppn
pnba
ba Mnli
Mnlist
stym
ymi„
i„,,  Kurb`m 
 @dgnbnstr`sn Onsbns, <4 (?) f`m ?1-59.
Fnd`y`f, _. Qnb`rbh. Uus`tyh (?:09) ‖Ziba`ruf Zibaaub``b Mibacu`s Tirf`d`p
Unl`t
Unl`t Hra`bh
Hra`bhmip
miptnc
tnc D`b D`y`
D`y` Ungp`b
Ungp`b Nc`b
Nc`b Bnm`
Bnm` Uia`r„
Uia`r„,,   Nbdhbisn`b
 Khurb`m Hl Efigne`m Uenibei, 4(5) f`m ?:?-?:<.

Cigibt
Cigibtirn`
irn`b
b Cim`ut
Cim`ut`b
`b d`b Zirnc`
Zirnc`b`b
b`b (?:06)
(?:06) ‖Cim`u
‖Cim`ut`b
t`b d`b Zirnc`
Zirnc`b`b
b`b D`m`g
D`m`g
@bac` (CZD@) ?:06„.

Cfhmnq, @. (?:00) ‖Ziba`ruf Zibaaub``b _hsimm` D`b Zib`go`f`b Aum` Z`snr 

Diba`b Chbsibtr`sn ^`ba Oiroid` Tirf`d`p Gutu Hra`bhmiptnc D`b
C`d`r \nt`gnb E Gnbug`b Kimmy _hsimm` ( Fnonseus U`od`rrnl` M.)„,
Ucrnpsn, Ybnvirsnt`s Biairn Uig`r`ba.

Cfusug`bnbasnf, L. (?:01 ) ‖Ticbnc Oudnd`y` Nc`b Bnm` (Hrihefrhgns

( Hrihefrhgns bnmhtneus)
bnmhtneus)
Dn O`m`
O`m`nn Oibnf
ibnf Nc`b
Nc`b Zurn
Zurn„„  ,,  Zirpust`c``b
Zirpust`c``b Ybnvirsnt`s
Ybnvirsnt`s @nrm`baa`,
@nrm`baa`,
Uur`o`y`, f`m 0-4>.
Mic`fi
Mic`fib`,
b`, \. (?:0<)
(?:0<) ‖Ziba`
‖Ziba`ruf
ruf Zib`go
Zib`go`f`
`f`b
b Chbsib
Chbsibtr`
tr`sn
sn Tipuba
Tipuba T`pnhc
T`pnhc``
Tirf`d`p Chgphsnsn Anzn d`b Iv`mu`sn Uibshrn Buaait D`anba Gir`f
Nc`b
Nc`b G`dndn
G`dndnf`b
f`ba„,
a„,  Kurb`m Nmgn`f `arnonsbns d`b Zirnc`b`b. 
Zirnc`b`b.  Tirb`ti,
>(0) f`m 0-6.

Mndny`
Mndny`w`t
w`tn,
n, _. Lnln,
Lnln, D. Bur`snf
Bur`snf,, U. Untn,
Untn, Z. (?:05)
(?:05) ‖Gibtim
‖Gibtim (Zirgi
(Zirgib
b Qhrtim
Qhrtim))
Uio`a`n Uhmusn Zib`go`f \nt`gnb @„, Kurb`m
@„,  Kurb`m Nmgn`f G`f`snsw`, 5
G`f`snsw`, 5 (0)
f`m 00-04.
Z`mupn, B. Uupn`stutnc. Uuoic`f, U. Ic`, _. (?:00) ‖@mnf Ticbhmhan Zigou`t`b
O`cs
O`csh
h d`
d`bb Buaa
Buaait
it sio`a
sio`a`n
`n Ziba
Zibaig
igo`
o`ba
ba`b
`b Zrhd
Zrhduc
uc Hm
Hm`f
`f`b
`b K`gur 
K`gur 

xxxnv
 

Gir`ba„, Kurb`m Ziba`odn`b G`sy`r`c`t Nbdhbisn`,

Gir`ba„, Kurb`m Nbdhbisn`, 0 (5) f`m 040 ― 
04<.
Zitirs,
Zitirs, G. Tngirf
Tngirf`us
`usi,
i, C. (0>>0)
(0>>0) ‖Zm`bt
‖Zm`bt Disnab
Disnab `b Iehbhg
Iehbhgnene lhr Efigne
Efigne`m
`m
Ibanbiirnba„ idnsn 4, Em`rc d`b Ghrns. K, Unba`pur`, Ge. Ar`w Fnmm,
Nbe.

Zutrn, G. (?:06) ‖Ziba`ruf Oiro`a`n Lhrgum`sn Ougou _igp`f @m`gn Tirf`d`p

Q`ctu Ungp`b Hphr @y`g„, Ucrnpsn, Ybnvirsnt`s M`gpuba, f`m 0-99.

_ukn
_ukn`f
`f.. _itt
_itty,
y, B. [nb`
[nb`t`m
t`m,, F. (?
(?:0
:05)
5) ‖Zib
‖Zibah
ahm`
m`f`
f`b
b Buaa
Buaait
it U`
U`yu
yur„,
r„,   Kurb`m 
Ticbhmhan Zirt`bn`b, ? (0) f`m 59-41.
U`bt
U`bths
hsh,
h, K. Burk
Burk`b
`bb`
b`f.
f. Burf
Burf`y`y`t
`tn.
n. (?
(?:0
:09)
9) ‖Zir
‖Ziro`
o`nc
nc`b
`b Gutu
Gutu AimAim Nc
Nc`b
`b G`s
G`s
(Eyprnbus e`rpnh)
e`rpnh) Gim`mun Ghdnlnc`sn Zrhsis„,   Oumitnb
Oumitnb Ticbhmhan F`snm 
 Zirnc`b`b, 0? (4),
(4), Ticbhmhan F`snm Zirnc`b`b, NZO.

Uy`l`r, G. @rnluddnb, M. (?:09) ‖@b`mnsns Zibd`p`t`b Ys`f` @ohb Nc`b Tibaanrn

Z`d` Nbdustrn
Nbdustrn _ug`f T`baa`
T`baa` "@mtf`l Lhhd„,  Kurb`m @arhticons,
@arhticons, 5 (?)
f`m ?99 - ?<:.
Tf`mno,
Tf`mno, @. (?:00)
(?:00) ‖Ykn Tnbac`t Cisuc``b Buaait Nc`b G`dndnf`ba
G`dndnf`ba (Tfubbus
(Tfubbus

@mo`e`ris) Diba`b O`f`b Zibansn

Zibansn ^`ba Oiroid`„
Oiroid`„ ),
 ), 4 (0) f`m 9>-<4
\`trn`,, O. (?:0:)
\`trn` (?:0:) ‖Zibah
‖Zibahm`f
m`f`b
`b Nc`b
Nc`b O`bdib
O`bdibaa (Ef`bhs-ef`bhs
Ef`bhs-ef`bhs)) T`bp
T`bp`` Durn„
Durn„,,
 Kurb`m Nmgu Zibait`fu`b.
Zibait`fu`b.
Qimmy`mnb`, L. @zng`. @nsg`b. (?:05) ‖Ziba`ruf Ziro`bdnba`b Titim`b Gir`f
Tub` D`b Tipuba G`nzib` Tirf`d`p Gutu Buaait„, 
Buaait„,   Kurb`m @pmnc`sn
Ticbhmhan Z`ba`b, ? (0) f`m >-01.
^umn
^umn`b
`bth
th,, @. (?:0
(?:06)
6) ‖F`ra
‖F`ra`` Nc
Nc`b
`b Bn
Bnm`
m`„,
„, 1 Lior
Lioru`
u`rn
rn ?:
?:06
06.. D`
D`p`
p`tt dn
dn`c
`csis
sis dn
fttps;//f`ra`.nblh/f`ra`-nc`b-bnm`/ (<
fttps;//f`ra`.nblh/f`ra`-nc`b-bnm`/ (< Disigoir ?:0>)

 
xxxv
 

M@GZN_@B

xxxvn
 

M`gpnr`b 0. Utructur Hra`bns`sn

Dnricsn
(U`iludnb d`b _idn @rdn`bsy`f)
@rdn`bsy`f)

G`b`air 
(U`bthsh)

@eehubtnba Ciu`ba`b Zirshb`mn` @dgnbnstr`sn

(_`f`yubnbasnf) (Aulrhb) (Gnso`fudnb) (Dn`b)

Zig`s`r`b Zigoimn`b O`f`b O`cu

Zrhducsn PI Ibaibirnba
(Ohwh d`b Mnmns) (O`yu)

Uupirvnsnhr p`ecnba Uupirvnsnhr Zrhducsn PE & M@O Gic`bnc  O`f`b o`cu nc`b
(Gnso`fudnb) (Qnsbu) (@bn) (T`t`ba) (L`rndn)

Mh`dnba Tng 0 PE Imictrhbnc  Aud`ba

(Uhln`b) (Gufnp`f) (Gissn) (Lnrg`b. O`syubn) (_hcno)

Zibyngp`b`b ehmd sthr`ai Tng ? U`bnt`sn

(Enpth) (@umn`) (_nsim d`b Anth)

Tng 5
(Mnmns)

5:

M`gpnr`b ?. Zr`s`r`b` dn E\. U`c`b` Nbdh Zrng`

 
Tigp`t gibeuen t`ba`b _u`ba piba`dhb`b