Physic and al World, Units Measurements & Trend Analysis with Important Topics & Sub-Topics EE OE Ce Cm} Topic ‘SubTopic ‘Qns/LOD| ans, LOD |Qns/ LOD |@ns.|LOD|ans| Lop) Units of Physical Quantities [Units of Physical Quantities 1ie Dimensions of Physical [Dimensions of Physical. | a | € Quantities [Application of Dimensions ajalala Errorsin Measurements [Relative & % Error ife Diameter = MSR + CSR (LC) zero error 1] A tA significant figures ite Topic 1: Units of Physical Quantities (a) ON (b) IN 1. The unit of thermal conductivity is : (2079) (©) 10N (@) 100N ae me! 6. Itx=ar+ b?, where ris the distance travelled @ wie! Bc by the body in kilometers while r is the time in © Wm @) Wm seconds, then the unit of b is 11989) 2. Thedensity of material in CGS system of units an to) kms is 4g/cm’. Ina system of units in which unit of (co) kanis? (a) kms? length is 10 em and unit of mass is 100 g, the value of density of material will be /2011MJ (a) 04 (b) 40 (c) 400 (d) 0.04 3. The unit of permittivity of free space, ¢, is 2004) (a) Coulomb?/(Newton-metre)? (6) Coulomb/Newton-metre (c) Newton-meter?/Coulomb? (d)_ Coulomb?/Newton-meter? 4. The unit ofthe Stefan-Boltzmann's constant is (a) Wim?k* (b) Wim? (2002) (©) Wink (@) Wim?k? 5. Ina particular system, the unit of length, mass and time are chosen to be 10 em, 10 g and 0.1 s respectively. The unit of force in this ‘Topic 2: Dimensions of Physical Quantities 7. Dimensions of stress are 2020} (a) [ML°T?} (b) [ML'T?) (c) [ML*T?) (4) [MLT?] 8, A physical quantity ofthe dimensions of length 2 that can be formed out of c, G and —— is fe ne, is velocity of light, G is universal constant of gravitation and e is charge] 2017] v2 : 2 (a) o|G=— size 0 fea)” « slat 2 @ system will be equivalent to 11994]10. If energy (E), velocity (V) and time (T) are chosen as the fundamental quantities, the dimensional formula of surface tension will be: (2015) (@) [EV'T*] (b) [EV°T| (©) [E°v'TS) @ [Ever] If dimensions of critical velocity v, of a liquid flowing through a tube are expressed as In‘p’r"], where 7, p and r are the coefficient ‘of viscosity of liquid, density of liquid and radius of the tube respectively, then the values of x, y and z are given by: [2015 RS} @ -1,-1,1 () -1,-1,-1 () Lhd @) 1-1-1 If force (F), velocity (V) and time (T) are taken as fundamental units, then the dimensions of ‘mass are : P14 @ [FVT!) (b) [FVT?} (©) [FVIT @ (FV 'T ‘The pair of quantities having same dimensions is [NEET Kar, 2013] (a) Young’smodulus and energy (b) impulse and surface tension (c) angular momentum and work (d)_ work and torque a ‘The dimensions of (It @)? are [2012M, 2011) (>) (LT) qd) (Lt? @ (er) (©) LT) The dimension of Soot, where ey is permittivity of free space and F is electric field, is: oto] @) (MT) (b) (MLIT?) (©) (MPT) «@) (MET) If the dimensions of a physical quantity are given by MPL°T°, then the physical quantity will he 2009) (a). Velocity if (b) Acceleration if (©) Fores (d)_ Pressure if a 16. 7. 19, 20. 2. 22, 23, PHYSICS. Which two of the following five physical parameters have the same dimensions? 2008] (A) Energy density (B) Refractive index (C) Dielectric constant (D) Young’s modulus (E) Magnetic field (a) (B)and (D) (b) (C)and (BE) (©) (A)and(D) ——@)_(A)and (B) Dimensions of resistance in an electrical circuit, in terms of dimension of mass [M], of length [L], of time [T] and of current [1], would be [2007] (@) (ML?T>} () (MET) (©) (MPTP) @) [METAHI The velocity v ofa particle at time r is given by a2 . where a, b and ¢ are constant. Tre The dimensions of a, b and c are respectively 12006) (a) [L?,TandLt?) — (b) (LT? LPandL} (c) [L,LTandT?] = (d) (LT, Land T] ‘The ratio of te dimension of Planck's constant and that of the moment of inertia is the dimension of 22005] (a) time (b) frequency (c) angular momentum (d)_ veloc’ The dimensions of universal gravitational constant is (@) IM? () IMI LT?) (c) [MUTt} @ IM? Tr?) ‘The dimensions of Planck’s constant are same as 2001) (a) energy (b) power (©) momentum (d) angular momentum Which one of the following groups have quantities that do not have the same dimensions? (2000) (a) pressure, stress (b) velocity, speed (©) force,impulse (Gd) work, energy ‘The dimensional formula for magnetic flux is [2004] apg ap, 1999] @ META) (META) to) ML) @ (MPT'a}Physical World, Units and Measurements 24. 27. 28, 29. 30. The force F on a sphere of radius ‘a’ is moving in a medium with velocity v is given by F = 6mnav. The dimensions of n are (1997) (a) [ML] (b) [ML] (c) [ML] (d) [MLT) a 6 where P = Pressure, V = Volume & 8 = Absolute temperature. Ifa and b are constants, then dimensions of a will be [1996] (@) [MLT?] (>) (MILT) (©) [ML°T"] @) [MET] Which of the following will have the dimensions of time [1996] R (a) LC o > L c © * ot Which of the following is a dimensional constant? 11993] (a) Refractive index (b) Poissons ratio (c)_ Relative density (@)_ Gravitational constant ‘The time dependence ofa physital quantity p is given by p= pp exp(-a), where aisaconstant and risthetime, Theconstant a 1993] (a)_ is dimensionless (b) has dimensions T? (c) has dimensions T? (d)_ has dimensions of p ‘Turpentine oil is flowing through a tube of length £ and radius . The pressure difference between the two ends of the tube is p. The viscosity of oil is given by 22 4 pb?) ar where v is the velocity of oil at a distance x from the axis of the tube. The dimensions of q are 11993] (@) MOLT) (>) (MIT) (©) (MLT?} @ MLIT!) P represents radiation pressure, ¢ represents speed of light and S represents radiation energy siriking unit area per see. The non zero integers +x. 2 such that PS” ¢ is dimensionless are 11992] 31. 33, 34, 37, (a) x=Ly=1z=1 (b) x=—1, tc) x (@) x ‘The dimensional formula for permeability jis given by 11991) (@) [MLT?A2] (b) (MeL'T] (©) (Mra (d)_None of the above According to Newton, the viscous force acting between liquid layers of area A and velocity gradient AV/AZis given by F = nae where lis constant called coefficient of viscosity. The dimensional formula of 1 is [19905 (a) ML?r? (b) M°L*T° (c) MPT? q@ ML'T! ‘The frequency of vibration f of a mass m suspended from a spring of spring constant k is given by a relation of the type f= c m* &, where is a dimensionless constant. The values ofxand y are 11990) () x= ‘The dimensional formula of pressure is {1990} (a) [MLT?] (b) (ML*7?] (c) (MLT?) (@) (ML) The dimensional formula of torque is (1989) (a) MT") (o) [MET] (©) (MLtT) @)_ [ML*r?] Dimensional formula of self inductance is (@) ([MET?A7] ——(b) [MI (© ([MUT?A*] — @) (MLT7At) Of the following quantities, which one has. dimension different from the remaining three? (a) Energy per unit volume 11959] (b) Force per unit area (c) Product of voltage and charge per unit volume (@) Angular momentum.39, 40. 41 42, 43, The dimensional formula for angular ‘momentum is, 11988] @) LT] ) (MT) (©) [(MLT] (@) [MUT?} IFC and R denote capacitance and resistance, the dimensional formula of CR is [1988] (@) etry} () [M°L"T) (c) (M°L°T] (d)_ not expressible in terms of M.L,T. Topic 3: Errors in Measurements Taking into account of the significant figures, what 1 the value of ¥.99 m ~ U,0099 mz [2020] () 9.98 m (b) 9.980 m (©) 9.9m (@) 9.9801 m A serew gauge has least count of 0,01 mm and there are 50 divisions in its circular scale. The pitch of the screw gauge is 2020} (a) 0.25 mm (>) 0.5 mm. (©) 1.0mm (3) 0.01 mm In an experiment, the percentage of ¢rtor occurred in the measurement of physical quantities A, B, Can Dare 1%, 2%, 3% and 4% respectively. Then the maximum percentage of error in the measurement X, where X = poigy (d) 16% (d) 10% (c) -10% The main scale of a vernier callipers has n divisions/em. n divisions of the vernier scale coincide with (n ~ 1) divisions of main scale. ‘The least count of the vernier callipers is, INEET Odisha, 2019] 1 1 @ Taep™ = ©) Gane—D 1 1 (©) Sem (a) Gyem A student measured the diameter of a small steel ball using a serew gauge of least count 0.001 em, The main scale reading is S mm and em m7. PHYSICS. zero of circular scale division coincides with 25 divisions above the reference level. If serew gauge has a zero error of -0.004 em, the correct diameter of the ball is 2018] (a) 0.521 em (b) 0.525 em (©) 0529em (@)_0.053em In an experiment four quantities a, b, ¢ and d are measured with percentage error 1%, 2%, 3% and 4% respectively. Quantity P is ae caleulatedas follows P = “7% error in Ps: [2013] (a) 10% () 7% © 4% @ 14% If the error in the measurement of radius of a sphere is 2%, then the error in the determination of volume of the sphere will be: (2008) (a) 4% (b) 6% ©) &% @) % ‘The density of a cubeis measured by measuring itsmass and length ofits sides. Ifthe maximum error in the measurement of mass and length are 4% and 3% respectively, the maximum error inthe measurement of density will be 11996] (a) 1% (b) 9% © 12% () 13% ‘The percentage errors in the measurement of mass and speed are 2% and 3% respectively. The error in kinetic energy obtained by measuring mass and speed will be 1995) (a) 12% (b) 10% © 8% @ % Ina vernier calliper N divisions of vernier scale coincides with (N~ 1) divisions of main scale (in which length of one division is | mm). The least count of the instrument should be (1994) (a) N (b) N=1 (©) W10N @ VN-1 A certain body weighs 22.42 gm and has a measured volume of 4.7 ce, The possible error in the measurement of mass and volume are 0.01 gm and 0.1 ce. Then maximum error in the density will be 99ty (a) 22% (b) 2% () 0.2% (d) 0.02%Physical World, Units and Measurements 1 @_Insteady state, the amount of heat flowing from one fice to the other fuce in time ais given by _ KACh —T)dt 7 dH _ KA sciom of ES a (k= coeticent of thermal conductivity) eat AdAT Unit ofk= War? Kt 2 0 on unitoflength=1 hem unit of mass ‘And in another stem of units The unit of mass i 100g and unitoflength is 10 cm, 30 substitute these values © 100°" “oem ‘Aart ftom fundamental and decived units, we have albus practical unis horse power (hp) i 2 practical units of power Praedeal unis ty of eee ee ected in any system of units 2 2 @ %= at (Par = unit of, is (coulomb)*/ newton-metre* 4 (a) According to Stefan’s law, E = cAT* where, dissipated per second, T = absolute temperature we AT) mPK* (a) As we know force = M: = Mass * length * time (102 kg) (10-'m) (107 (©) Given, x= art bP where, x= distance in km 1= time in see By the principle of homogeneity, the dimensions of each terms of a dimensional ‘equation on both sides are the same. So, from equation, x= ar + br dimension of left side = (L] dimension of right side should be = [L] According to homogeneity’s law, (L1= ) 8 * Acceleration 10g\(10 emy(0. 13)? sy = 10-IN, [1] [6] = => = dimension of acceleration iti so unit of b should be km/si (Se Force e) Stress = 3 Dimensions of force = [MLT*] Dimensions of area [MET= s, Stress = i (@) Let dimedsiohs of length is related as, (L] =[ePIG) le J2 ey > ane 7P Comparing both sides y “ xt3y432=1 wii) ox 4: (es yee) ii) From (i), (ii) and (iii) L 2 Henee, [L] (b) As we know that, surface tension(s) = Foree( Length{L] sots)= AT oer (41 Energy, (E)= Force x Displacement, (2]=IMPT>] displacement Velocity (V) 2 =a) Let surface fension expressed as, = EY? T° where a, b, ¢ are constant. Put the value [MLT* ery Ey ur oO From the principle of homogeneity, Equating the dimension of LHS and RHS [MeL27+ 97 20-b +e) = a=1,la+b=0,2a-b+e=-2 > a-1,b=2,c=2 Hence, the dimensions of surface tension are [EV?T] Length, mass and time are arbitrarily chosen as fundamental quantities in mechanics. In fact any three quantities in mechanics can be termed as fundamental asall other quantities can be expressed in terns of these. If force (F) and acceberatin (a) are taken as fundamental quantities, then mass will ‘be defined as force (F) and acceleration (a) will be ‘termed as derived quantity. 10. PHYSICS. (@) Applying dimensional method : y= npr here, dimension of critical velocity, Vq = [LT] FE covecient of viscosity, "= 2 — oan so dimension of dimension of density, dimension of radius, r=[L] Pt these valucs in equation (i), (MOLT! = [ML-!T-1 (ML Top [MOLTO Equating powers both sides xty=Op-x= Lex -1=3¢1) +2 -l+3+z=1 need (@)- Force =mass x acceleration foree force 4 ~ Velocity ime “V7 (4) Work = Force * displacement MULT? YL] =[MUr?] Torque = Force » force arm ass * acceleration * length MJ = (LT?) < [L] =[M L?T?] £ dimensions are given, physical quantity may not 1B. be unique as many physical quantities have same dimensions. eg, If the dimensional formula of a physical quantity is [ML21-2] it may be work or cenengy oF torque. 1 ) Ugeg)!2 = == € = speed of light (© One = peed of light where & = permittivity of free space iy = permeability of free space So dimensions of (4g) "will be [LT "] Lo ji (©) 087 represents encray density i, energy per unit volume.Physical World, Units and Measurements 1 (v2 T} Jege? | = Ni -iy = [Senet] PED antsy Force (@)_ Pressure = 2 MET 1 ime'ry ea) 3 a=1,b=-1e=2. Energy (©) Bnergy density = ap MET? ity () Refractive index and dielectric constant have no dimensions. . Ful You's Mos Va (MLT?] [L] 2 ie) Me ‘73 | . fF [MLT?) Magnetic field, B= 77 = “Taga =[MT?A 4]. (©) Aswe know that [¥} ST gi bri Dimension of Resistance _iMerrt 1 err rm MET (@)_ Dimension of a.t = dimension of velocity at=[IT] > [a=LT?] Dimension of ¢ = dimension of ¢ (two physical quantity of same dimension can only be added) So, dimension of = [T] b Dimension of ~~ = Dimension of velocity b cer yy = Tar pep TU = eT =] >b=[L] So, answer is [LT], [L] and [T] ‘be physically correct. In a dimensionally correct £ A dimensionally corect equation may or may not ‘equation, the dimensions ofeach term on both sides ‘of an equation must be the same, 19. 2 23, 24, (b) Dimension formula for the planck’s constant, h=[ML2T!] Dimension formula for the moment of inertia, 1=[ML7] So, the ratio between the plank’s constant and ‘moment of inertia is (Mery © [ML] oir = (T"'] = dimension of frequency G My g_ Fr ~ “Mim (MLT?y(L?] ([M][M] () F G e-dimension of G is [MILT] (a) We know that E= hv MT] m7 Angular momentum = Io (MEAT = [Mer (©) Forcehasdimension (MLT~] while impulse hhas dimension {MLI-!}, both have different dimensions. (a) Dimension of magnetic flux = Dimension of magnetic field x Dimension of area (ML°T@A~!] (L2]=[ML7T2a-1] (d) Fe 6x av F - =iMUTY v According to the principle of homogeneity ‘quantity with same dimension can be added or subtracted, Hence, Dimension of P = Dimension of > = Dimension of “2° = Dimension of MLT?]__a >a=(ML°T?] [ v | mpTo get the dimensions of physical constant, we \write any formula or equation incorporating the given constant and then by substituting the ECT] Bowe nate ce

[MOLOT] = [Mey bs 82 T2839] Applying the principle of homegenity of dimension we get, s= x+y=0. aii) wxt2=0 iv) We 3y-2 (v) After solving above three equation we get, xelpys-h el ‘Try out the given altematives, Whenx=1,y=-1,2=1 Pe Ss Piste = Piste! (wer? yer} (MPT? 17) (a) Permeability of free space, _ 2rex force distance Moe “(eurrent)? x length So, dimensional formula [MLT?)[L] »,~ ey ‘Also find the dimeusioual forimula by using the relation, Speed of light, ¢ 1579) [MLT2A2]Physical World, Units and Measurements AV 2 v= ae 32, @) F=-nAT FAZ = (0S ans 0e So dimensional formula of [MLT= JL] (PLT) > ~me'ty) 33. 41 Therefore, = ‘The method of dimensions cannot be used to derive ‘relations other than product of power functions. 34. (c) Pressure = Force / Area So dimensional formula _(MLT?] 7 35. (a) t= Force x distance (Mit) So dimensional formula, =[MLT~] [L]=[ML?T2} 36 Lee a)" #) 44 36. (@) Eo aly de|~ Talar im2T yr) [ATI[A] 37. (@)_ Forangular momentum, the dimensional formula is [ML?T~']. For other three, it is (ML-'T-} 38. (b) Angular momentum = Momentum of inertia * Angular velocity or, (L1= =[MPT?7A?) ‘So dimensional formula, = (ML (T) 45, =(MUTl] 39. (a) CR= (5) = =(T}=[MoLTy RC is the time constant of the circuit. 42. 3. a (@) Insubtraction the number of decimal places in the result should be equal to the number of decimal places of that term in the oper ‘which contain lesser number of decimal places. 9.99 =0.0099 9.9801 As the least number of decimal places is 3. So, answer should be 9.98 m. (b) Least count of serew gauge = 0.01 mm. Least count Piteh No. of divisions on circular seale 0.01 mm = PAE 50 > Pitch = 0.5 mm Adi? (©) Given, x= RS &% error, 100-2“ 1904458. x A 2B 1002255100342 x 100 3€ D = 2x14 1241x349 = 2% + 1% + 1% + 12% = 16% (@)_nVSD=(n— 1) MSD (n-) IvsI Msp MSD~1 VSD= 1 MSD ‘MSD (n-1) ” (©) Diameter of the ball MSR + CSR * (east count) — zero error ‘em + 25 * 0,001 — (-0.004) 5+0,025+0,004=0.529em 352 a (@) Given, P (@ en, od ar Aa Therefore, S~ * 100% = 3 x 100% +2 100% +85 x 100% + b oe ond =3% 1% +2% 24+ 3% + H%= 14% 100%When we multiply or divide two measured ‘quantities, the retative error in the final results equal 46. 47. to the sum of the relative errors in the measured quantities. And when we add or subtract wo ‘measured quantities the absolute error in the final result is equal to the sum of the absolute eror in the measured quantities. (b) Given, error in the measurement of radius ofa sphere 4” x100 = 2% 4 Volume of the sphere V = rua Peto ¢. ktror in the volume 23-0100 =3% 2 = 416% mass (@)_Asweknow, density= To Maximum error in the measurement of density =% error in Mass +3 (®6 error in length) =4+3(3)= 13% % error in densit PHYSICS. Am 48. (c) Percentage error in mass (2100) -2 and peteentage error in speed (2100) - 3 L Kinetic energy, & = sm . . Etror in measurement of kinetic energy a 2) K (i) 8) -. Yeage error = 8%. 49, (0) Leastcount= IMSD-1 VSD = IMSD- (Ast)psso N 1 1 =txtem= N'10." 10N Smaller value of the least count, higher is the accuracy of measurement, Accuracy of ‘meastrement ishigherwhen number of significant figure after the decimal in measurement is larger. Mass(M) * Volume(v) 0.01 0.1) 99 — 5 (aa en = 2% ‘usp N 50. (b) Density, D VvMotion ina Straight Line & Trend Analysis with Important Topics & Sub-Topics Topic ‘Sub-Topic Ee CMEC eed LoD] ans! LoD | LOD) Distance, Displacement [Average Speed & Uniform motion Integration & Differentiation af Nor-uniform motion Relative Velocity Use of eqn. of motion E Motion Under Gravity \Velocity-time graph aia River-Man problem 1] a Topic 1: Distance, Displacement & Uniform motion 1, Aperson travelling ina straight line moves with a constant velocity v, for certain distance “x” and with a constant velocity v, for next equal distance. The average velocity vis given by the relation INEET Odisha 2019] +n and found that the escalator was not working. She walked up the stationary escalator in time f,. On other days, ifshe remains stationary on the moving escalator, then the escalator takes her up in time f. The time taken by her to walk up on the moving escalator will be: (2017) ‘ot! 8 ) n-4 ) neh q@ 442 2 A particle covers half of its total distance with speed v, and the rest half distance with speed vp. Its average speed during the complete journey is [2011M} Duy; © ay @ 1 Acar moves from X to Y witha uniform speed v, and returns to Y with a uniform speed vy. The average speed for this round t 2007] vay @ Sa oa Vata Me t¥a 20g @ () va tM Ifa car at rest accelerates uniformly to a speed of 144knwh in 205, iteoversa distance of /2997 (a) 2880 m (b) 1440 m (©) 400m @ 2m6, Abus travelling the first one third distance at a speed of 10 kni/h, the next one third at 20 km’ hand the last one-third at 60 km/h, The average speed of the bus is, 11991] (@) 9kmh (b) l6km/h (© 18kmh () 48km/h 7. Acar moves a distance of 200 m. It covers the first half of the distance at speed 40 km/h and the second half of distance at speed v. The average speed is 48 km/h. Find the value of v (@) S6kmih (b) Ok 1991] (©) SOkm/h (@) 48km/h & — Acarcoverstthe first half ofthe distance between ‘hwo places at 40 km/h and other halfat 60 km/h ‘The average speed of the car is 11990) (@) 40kmih (b) 48km/h (© SOkmih () km/h Topic 2: Non-uniform motion 9, Ifthe velocity ofa particle isv= At + BE, where A and B are constants, then the distance travelled by it between Is and 2sis: 2076] (a) SavaB (0) 3A+7B a,.7 ASB 3) SAB L— © as wots 10. A particle of unit mass undergoes one- dimensional motion such that its velocity varies according to v(x) = hx?” ‘where band n are constants and xis the position of the particle. The acceleration of the particle asthe function of x, is given by: 2015] (a) -2nb2x-S-1 (by 22 2wtl (©) -2nb2e4e1 (d) -2mb2x-2-1 11. The displacement ‘x’ (in meter) of a particle of | ‘mass ‘m’ (in kg) moving in one dimension under theaction of. force, isrelated to time? (in sec) by?= Yix-+3. The displacement of the particle when its velocity is zero, will be INEET Kar, 2013] (@) 2m () 4m (©) zero @ 6m 12. A particle has initial velocity (27-37) and acceleration (0.37 +0.2f). The magnitude of velocity after 10 seconds willbe: 2012] (a) 92 units (b) sy units (© Sunits (@ 9 units 4 1S, 18, 19, PHYSICS. ‘The motion of a particle along a straight line is described by equation x=8+12-8 where x is in metre and 1 in second. The retardation of the particle when its velocity becomes ero, is: Pony (@ 24ms? (b) zero (©) 6ms? (d) 12s? A body is moving with velocity 30 m/s towards east. After 10 seconds its velocity becomes 40 m/s towards north. The average aceeleration of the body is Pow (a) ims? () Tm? 7m? () Sm? A particle has initial velocity (37+47) and hasacceleration (0.4/+0.37) It's speed after 10 sis: oto} (a) Tunits (©) 72 units (©) 8Sunits (@) 10units A particle moves a distance xin time taccording to equation x = (¢ + 5)!, The acceleration of particle is proportional to: [2010] {@). (velocity) 32 ) (distance? (©) Gistancey? —(@)_ (velocity)? A particle starts its motion from rest under the action of a constant foree. If the distance covered in first 10 seconds is $; and that covered in the first 20 seconds is S>, then: 009 @ S)=38, (b) 8,=45, ©) 5S, (d) $,=28, ‘The distance travelled by a particle starting from 4 rest and moving with an acceleration ms, in the third second is: 12008] fa) 6m @) 4m 10 19 @ 3m Os i a a) aeMotion ina Straight Line A particle shows distance-time curve as given in this figure. The maximum instantaneous velocity of the particle is around the point: 00sy @ B oC Dd WA Apparticle moves ina straight line with a constant acceleration. It changes its velocity from 10 ms“! t020ms! while passing through a distance 135m in f second. The value of ris: 12008] @ 0 () 18 © R @ 9 ‘The position x of a particle with respect to time along x-axisis given byx= 9 —# where x isin ‘metres and fin second, What will be the position of tis particle when it achieves maximum speed along the +ve x direction? 2007] @ Sim ) sim © 24m @ 2m ‘Aparticle moving along x-axis has acceleration a ‘ ‘frat time t, given by f = Aft -4) where fy and T are constants, The particle at = 0 has zero velocity. Inthe time interval between ™=0 and the instant when f=0, the particle's velocity Dis 2007) 1 @) SAP ©) 4P l © SAT (@) AT A particle moves alonga straight line OX. Ata time f (in seconds) the distance x (in metres) of the particle from O is given byx =40+ 12/—8, How long would the particle travel before coming to rest? 12006} (@) 40m (b) Sm (© 16m @ 2m ‘The displacement x of a particle varies with time ¢as.x= ae"®* + be, where a, b, cand B are positive constants. The velocity of the particle will 12005] (a)_ be independent of a and B (b) drop to zero when a= (©) goon decreasing with time (@)_ goon increasing with time 8 ‘The displacement of a particle is represented by the following equation : s= 37+ 7P + 5t+8 where s is in metre and t in second. The acceleration of the particle at 1= Isis /2000] (@ 14mis? (ob) 18mis? (©) 32mis? (d)_ zer0 A car moving with a speed of 40 km/h can be stopped by applying brakes at least after 2 m. If the same car is moving with a speed of 80 kntvh, \whiat is the minimum stopping distance?//9987 fa 8m () 6m © 4m 2m ‘The displacement of a particle varies with time (Was: s = a? — b?. The acceleration of the particle will be zero at time ¢ equal o (29977 @ 5 ©) 3 3b 2a oF Oy A car accelerates from rest at a constant rate for some time, after which it decelerates at a constant rate fi and comes to rest. If the total time elapsed is ¢, then the maximum velocity acquired by the car is [1994] 2g? 2p Oo) = ap . ©) (= \ a op (o+B)e Br oS os ‘The displacement time graph ofa moving particle is shown below s 3 By Time ‘The instantaneous velocity of the particle is negative at the point 11994) @ D () F oC @ E A particle moves along a straight line such that its displacement at any time ris given by s=(P—6F +31+ 4) metres ‘The velocity when the acceleration is zero is 11994] () -12ms! (d) -9ms* (a) 3ms! (co) 42ms?‘A body starts from rest, what is the ratio of the distance travelled by the body during the 4th and 3rd seconds? 11993] 7 5 MF OF 7 3 Oy @ > Which of the following curve does not represent ‘motion in one dimension’? 11992] “le [o, a a » © @ a 7 A car is moving along a straight road with a uniform acceleration, It passes through two points P and Q separated by a distance. with ‘velocity 30 km/h and 40 km/h respectively. The velocity of the car midway between P and Q is 11988] (@) 333km/h (e) 20V2 kn/h (© 25v2 kmh (@)-35km/h Topic 3: Relative Velocity A bus is moving with a speed of 10 ms“! ona straight road. A scooterist wishes to overtake the bus in 100s, Ifthe bus is at a distance of 1 kin from the seooterist, with what speed should the scooterist chase the bus? 2009) (@) 40ms" (o) 25ms" (©) 10mst (@) 20mst A train of 150 metre long is going towards north direction at a speed of 10 mis. A parrot flies at the speed of $ m/s towards south direction parallel to the railway track. The time taken by the parrot to cross the train is, 11988] (@) 12sec () 8 see (©) 15 sec (d) 10 see 36, 3. 39. 4 a. PHYSICS ‘Topic 4: Motion Under Gravity A ball is thrown vertically downward with a velocity of20 m/s from thetop ofa tower. Ithitsthe ‘ground after some time with a velocity of 80 mis. ‘The height ofthe tower is: (g=10m/s?) (2020 (@) 40m () 320m (©) 0m (d) 360m A stone falls freely under gravity. It covers distances fy, Hy and Jr in the first 5 seconds, the next 5 seconds and the next 5 seconds respectively. The relation between /,, fy and 2013} 3h, 3 A boy standing at the top of a tower of 20m height dropsa stone, Assuming g= 10 ms, the velocity with which it hits the ground is. Pot] (a) 100m’s (b) 20.0m/s (©) 400m’s (@) 5.0mis A ball is dropped from a high rise platform at £= Ostarting from rest, After 6 seconds another ball is thrown downwards fromthe same platform with a speed v. The two balls meet at ¢= 18s, What is the value of »? oto (take g= 10 m/s?) (a) 75m (b) SSmis (©) 40m @ Gomis Aman of 50 kg mass is standing in a gravity free space at a height of 10 m above the floor. He throwsa stone of 0.5 kg mass downwards with a speed 2 m/s, When the stone reaches the floor, the distance of the man above the floor will be: (@) 99m () 101m (2070) (©) 10m (@) 20m ‘Two bodies, A (of mass | kg) and B (of mass 3 kg), are dropped from heights of 16m and 25m, respectively. The ratio ofthe time taken by them toreach the ground is, 2006) fa) 125 (by SM2 to 45 (54 A ball is thrown vertically upward. It has a speed of 10 m/sec when it has reached one half of its maximum height. How high does the ball 12005, 2001] ‘Take g= 10 mis? (a) 10m (b) Sm (c) 15m (@) 20mMotion ina Straight Line 4&. 45, Ifa ball is thrown vertically upwards with speed (@) 20m () 40m u, the distance covered during the last t seconds © 80m (160m of its ascent is 12003} 48. Three different objects of massesm,,m, and m, @ (tgt &) uw are allowed to fall from rest and from the same 1 1) point O along three different frictionless paths. © 58 (use ‘The speeds of the three objects on reaching the ‘A man throws balls with the same speed ground will bein the ratio of 995) vertically upwards one after the other at an (2) mim ims (b)_m 22m, :3my interval of2 seconds. What should be the speed 114 of the throw so that mote than two balls are in © laa @ the skyatany time? (Given g=9.8 m/s"] (2003) mma ms (a) Only with speed 19.6 mis 49, ‘The water drops fall at regular intervals from a (b) More than 19.6 m/s tap 5 m above the ground. The third drop is (©) Atleast 9.8m/s leaving the tap at an instant when the first drop (@)__ Any speed less than 19.6 m/s touches the ground. How far above the ground If-a ball is thrown vertically upwards with a is the second drop at that instant? velocity of 40 m/s, then velocity of the ball after (Take g= 10mis") 11995] twoseconds will be(2= 101s?) (1996) (a) 125m () 250m (a) 15m. (b) 20m (©) 3.75m (500m, (©) 25m (@) 28m 50. A body dropped from top ofa tower fall through ‘A body is thrown vertically upward from the 40 m during the last two seconds ofits fall. The ground, Itreachesa maximum height of 20m in S height of tower is (g= 10 m/s?) 11991] sec. After what time, it will reach the ground. (a) @m (>) 45m from its maximum height position? [7995] (©) 80m (@) 50m (@) 25sec (b) 5 sce SI. What will be the ratio of the distances moved (©) 10sec (@) 25sec bya freely falling body from rest in 4th and Sth Astonereleased with zero velocity from the top seconds of journey? 11989] of a tower, reaches the ground in 4 see. The @ 4:5 () 7:9 height ofthe tower is (g =10m/s?) 1995) © 16:25 @aa ©] 7] & [a3] @ [19 [| [2s] © | 31] @ [a7] @ [43] © | 49 | © | 8 | [aa | [20 [i [26 | | 32 | | 38 | | 4a | | 50 [ ©) [9 [© [as] & [21 [@ [27] © [33 [© [39] @ [as | [sr [oe @ | 0 | @ | 46 |) | 22 [ [28 | | 34 [w@ [40] | 46 | © [at] © [a7] & [23 [& [29 @ [3s To [a] © [az] o afalelale|= © [2 T & [as Te [24 Tw [30] @ [36 [© [42 | @ [as ToPHYSICS. 2 (b)_ Letthe distance be ‘a’ time taken by preeti totravel up the stationary escalator= f, Velocity d of preeti wart elevator v A Since the distance is same lt the time taken when preeti stands on the moving escalator =f. a Velocity of elevator vir. ground Y2 = Then net velocity ofpreeti w.rt, ground yayptyy - tit (h+h) up on the moving escalator) 3. (b) Let the total distance covered by the particle be 2s. Then 2s _ ny 4,5 4 oY ‘The average speed of an object is the total distance travelled by the object divides by the elapsed time to cover that distance. I's scalar quantity which ‘means itis defined only by magnitude. A related concept, average velocity, is a vector quantity. A vveetor quantity is defined by magnitude and direction both, (time taken by precti to walk (@) Average speed _ total distance travelled ~ total time taken Let sbe the distance from Xto ¥. 2s vw Vg +My 5. (©) Initial velocity of ear (u)=0 Final velocity of car (v) = 144 kivhr=40 m/s Timetaken= 20s ‘We know that, 40=ax 20> Also, v2 =u? = vow as 2a) Kx Sp 4020) 1600 459m, 5 & © Avene speed = 5735/3. 13 =18km/h [ode then, Yar= Ta £ In ease speed is continuously changing with time, 7. (b)_ Given, Total distance = 200 m speed in first half distance = 40 knv/hr speed in second half’ distance= vkm/hr. Total distance covered * Yar ~ Total time elapsedMotion ina Straight Line (b) Total distance Total time taken WHA ss " 40° 60 240 48 total distance + Average speed = ~iofaltime : =—— =48km/h 8/48 s tay = ZUNE _ 2*40%60 _ gg kvh At) d0+60 (©) Given: Velocity y=At+ Be de = S-ape dt By integrating we get distance travelled by the particle between Is and 2s, S fae = flue n2)a 7 4 A(t 2) B(3_p) 34, B 3 23 (a) Given, v(x)=br2" 18, Acceleration of the particle as function of x, 2 pete ty amet anv = hx" {b(n ty == Inbal Gi For one dimensional motin, the angle between velocity and acceleration is either 0° or 180° and it does not change with time. © vx+3 = Ve =1-3 x5 (1-3P @ ak va G23) 0 S13 From equation (i) 2x=G-3P 10 = Si+57 @ x=8+124-8 The final velocity of the particle will be zero, because it retarded, 2y=0F12=3P=0 (@) Average acceleration 40 ms Changein velocity Total Time _ {407-307 | 10 30tvs e+ =Smist (b) Given, => u,=Sunits, w= 4 units 14 units, a,=0.3 units 2 ysuyba,*10=344=7 units Along y-axis, and v,=4 +03 10=4:+3=7units Net final velocity3144] and @ = 0.41403) time, ¢= 10 ec. Final velocity ¥y after time: ¥y = (38+4])+ (047 +037) U0) = 1477 “The particle speeds up Le, the speed ofthe particle inereses when the angle between @ and y ies between 0° + 90°. The particle speeds down icc, the speed of the panicle decreases when the angle between @ and ¥ lies between + 90° and 180°. (@®) distance x= ms de ar x 2 acceleration a= >= 5 = 2x3 dP 45 Therefore, v9? =-(1+S)3 $0, ae v3 (0) -u=0,4= 105,f,=205 Using the relation, $= ut Sar? Acceleration being the same in two cases, Lives,-taxk S)= hy 025 hiy=3hy, hy = Shy hs oe hese yd ‘The distance covered in time 2, 34, et. will be in the rato of 1? : 2? - 3? Le, square of integers ie, h v= J2gh = J2x10x20 =20mis (@ Clearly distance moved by 1% ball in 185 = distance moved by 2% ball in 12s...) Now, distance moved in 18 s by 1% tat} 100 18°90 18-1620 Distance moved in 12s by 2™ ball 1 1 aut, v4 Delo x 2 et SeP => Iv 10 «(IDFMotion ina Straight Line 41 > 12v+720 2 From equation (i) * 1620= Iv +5 x 14d > v= 135-60=75 mst (b) No external force is acting, therefore, ‘momentum is conserved. Bymomentum conservation, 50u+0.5*2=0 Negative sign of w shows that man moves upward. Time taken by the stone to reach the ground 10 4B Distance moved by the man = 5x <> = 0.1m when the stone reaches the floor, the distance of the man above floor= 10.1 m (©) Let ry & fy be the time taken by 4 and B respectively to reach the ground then from the formula, (a) Forpart 4B From 3rd equation ofmotion = 2 26H Fay v0 Hz H i u=10ms H/2 | Oi o- 2 2gq42)-2 gH 2 192 10) a 0 10m (© Letbodytakes T sectorcach maximum height. Then v=w—gT ¥v=0, at highest point. So, T= a) & Velocity attained by body in (7) sec v=u=g(7-0) ugh gi= we et (T= wg) g orvegt =) - Distance travelled in last sec ofits ascent nate? If a body is projected vertically upward, then, 2 final velocity, v= 0; intl speed, w= gr and height 2 422 For first body, PP 12 ined, h= = atuined, == For second body, 25 164? st Boy hb Fa body is dropped fin some eight, die motion is independent of mass ofthe body. The time taken to reach the ground ¢=2h/g and final velocity ¥ = J2gh and intial velocity, v = 0. (b)_ Let the required speed of throw be w ms"! Then time taken toreach maximum height, g For two balls oremain in air at any time, ¢ must be greater than 2 *52=>u>196ms 845. 41. 49, (b) Initial velocity (w) Acceleration a =-g m/s Time = 2 seconds By Ist equation of motion, =20mis (©) Mpg = 20 mand ¢= 5 see. Time taken by the body to reach the ground from some height is the same as taken to reach that height. Therefore, time to reach the ground from its ‘maximum height is 5 sec (©) Initial velocity (x) =0; Time (¢)=4 seeand gravitational acceleration (g)= 10 mis?, Height of tower = mtg? = 0x4)+bx10%(47 haus za? = 0x4) +5 x10%(4) (©) The speed of an object, falling freely due to gravity, depends only on its height and not igh. Since the paths are frictionless and all the objects fall through the same height, therefore, their speeds on reaching the ground will bein the ratio of |: 1: (c) Height of tap= Sm and (g) = 10 m/sec”, on its mass ¥ 1 For the frst drop, $= f+ 2? 1 5= (0x0) +5 «10? = Sor 2= Lor I see It means that the third drop leaves after one second of the first drop. Or, each drop leaves after every 0.5 sec. Distance covered by the second drop in 0.5 see muse - 00.5)+ 3 x10(08? =125m, ot PHYSICS. Therefore, distance of the second drop above the ground = $—1.25=3.75 m. (b) Let the body fall through the height of tower in mth seconds. From, Dy a1 $01) we have, total distance travelled in last 2 seconds of fll is D=D,+ Dery -[o Sen -»| -[o-£020--9] & g =£(4n- San-1)+Z0n-3)=Z4n—4) 10 =e xaQn-t pte) oF, 40=20(n=1) orn=2+1=38 Distance travelled in 1 seconds is where, 1= 3 see dar? 0b et0x3 =45m 2 9 £axg= x 30S | 3) 8551) — xs) tb) [S,a-"e£@n-Dande= 00-2] of the size, weight or composition fall with the £) Intheabsence of airresistance all bodies inespective same acceleration near the surface ofthe earth, This ‘motion of a body falling towards the earth from a stall altitude (h< 8 (a) bottom point B_(b). the point C (© the point D (@)_ top point a A boat which has a speed of S km/hr in still water crosses a river of width 1 km along the shortest possible path in 15 minutes. The velocity of the river water in km/hr is 12000, 1998} @ 3 ) 4 © Var @t A stone tied with airing, isrotated in avertical circle. The minimum speed with which thestring has to be rotated: [1999] (a) is independent of the mass of the stone (b) is independent of the length of the string (c) decreases with increasing mass of the stone decreases with increasing length of the string Apperson swims ina river aiming to reach exactly ‘opposite point on the bank of river. His speed of swimming is 0.5 m/sat an angle 120° with the @ 0. 61 6. PHYSICS direction of flow of water. The speed of water in stream is 11999} (a) 1.0 mis (b) 0.5 mis (©) 0.25 mis (4) 0.43 mis A ball of mass 0.25 kg attached to the end of a string oflength 1,96 m is moving in a horizontal circle, The string will break if the tension is ‘more than 25 N. What is the maximum speed with which the ball can be moved? 1998) (@) l4ms (b) 3ms (Sms (@) 3.92m's A bodys whirled in horizontal circle of radius 20 om, It has an angular velocity of 10 rad/s What is its linear velocity at any point on circular path (1996) @ 2m/s (&) 2mis (© 10m/s (d) 20m/s When a body moves with a constant speed along acirele 11994] @) its velocity remains constant (b) no force acts on it {6)__nowork is done on it (@) no aecdleration is produced init ‘A boat is sent across a river with a velocity of 8 km h-!. If the resultant velocity of boat is 10 km hr, then the velocity of the river is 11993] (@) 128kmit (b) 6kmirt (©) 8kmir! (@ 10kmir An electric fan has blades of length 30 em measured from the axis of rotation. Ifthe fan is rotating at 120 rpm, the acceleration of a point ‘on the tip ofthe blade is 11990) (a) 1600ms? () 474ms? (© 23.7ms (@) 90.55 ms TP} © 8 fea [5 |) | 22 J oe | 29] ca) | 36 | ) | 43 | [50] @ [57] @ 2 | &) | 2 | cb) | 16 | by | 23 | om) | 30] a) | 37 | we | 44 | | St] a) | 58] 3 | wm | 10] @ [17] & | 24 [ w@ | 3t[ @ [38 | w [45 | @ | 2] [59] 4 | a) | AY ) | 18 | a) 125 |) 132 J a) 139 |) | 46 |) | 53] ) | 60] 5 |{@]2] ©] 19] © | 26 [ o | 33] oe [40] @ [47] @ [sa] olor] © 6 | @ [13] © [20] @ [27] wm [34] [41] © | 48] @ [58] @ [oe] FJ) JAF} @ | 21] © | 28 |) 135} @ 142 | @ | 49 | @ | 56] @ 1B]Motion ina Plane 2 0) [A+B ‘Squaring on both sides \AxBP =|A-Br 3. (b) Two vectors are A = coseati +sin 4 @ ty (13-291 +(4-3)7 ~ 5-0 => 0=90° _ AF (displacement) ‘A (time taken) le +) ‘When a point have coordinate (x, ») then its position vector = xi + yj ‘When a particle moves from point (x), y,) 0 xy.) then its displacement vector F=(y—¥+02-d (@ Vector triple product Ax(BxO) = BA-C)-C(A-B)=-0 = Ali(BxO) (©) Using the law of vector addition, (d-+2) dé =f @ \AxBl= V3.8) => ABsin9 = V34Bcos0 = wnd= V3 > 0-60" ( |a+BP=|4-FP |AP +| BP +24.B = 42 +8? +248 cos -BP=|aP+|eP-24.8 = 4? +B? 2AB cos 0 So, 4? + BP + 24B cos 0 = 42+ 8-248 cos 4AB cos. 0-0 = cos 0-0 = 90° So, angle between 4 & Bis 90”. (b) Fortwo vectors to be perpendicular toeach other AB =0 (29437486): (4j—4i sal )=0 84124 80=0wl > £ Dot product of any two perpendicular vector IL (b) | AxBl- ABsind AB = ABeos0 | Ax B= V3 4B = ABsin 8= V3 AB cos or tan = 5, ou" 2 [At BEV a +B? + 2AB e096 = V0 B+ AB 12 (©) P= vector sum= A+B O= Vector differences = A- B Since P and @ are perpendicular . B.6-0= (4+8)(4-8)=0 = Pap | 1. (0) A=3+4j+5k, B=3144j-5k (31447458). G44) 5h) | A| |B cos0=9+16—25=0 | A|+0, | B= 0, hence, cos6=0,0=90° 14 @)_ Asweknow, P=F5=(61—4}+36).007 +15)—5h) =6% 204% 15-3 x5 =45 Us Instantanesous power can be calculated by Pi whi vector, 15. () As we know that (3i-4} +B) x (5) 6) +68) 18] -13j+2k 16 (b) Weknow that, R= 42 +B? + 24B cos ® (24)? = (12+ (18)?+ 212K118) cos 8 030 = 108 — 975952" 32 cos Ov = FF is the scalar product of force and velocity F=OxF PHYSICS §+0.8j+0k [?=1= (0.5) + (0.8)? +7 (057+O8P+2 A=011>0= Jon Unit vectors a vector which has a magnitude of ‘one, Its @ vector divided by its magnitude, Unit ‘vector for dis 4 Unit vector gives direction BK) Fa-s+ 745k Torque (t) = FxF = 14-38} +166 19%. (©) 20. (a) A vector quantity has both magnitude and direction. In the given options, speed has only magnitude, therefore, it is non-vector or scalar quantity. faphysial quantity has magnitude and direction both, then it does not always imply that it is a vector. forit to bea vector, laws of vector algebra has to be saisied. 21. (©) Since displacement is along the y-direction, hence displacement $= 107. Work done = =(-2i +15}-+6k)-10j =1507 2 (©) Whena vector is multiplied with a scalar, he result is a vector. ‘Thecrossproduetof A and B isa veotor with ts direction perpendicular to both vector A and B Vector AO isa zero vector because 0 isa scalar then als the produet is zero but a (scalar * vector) 4s also vector. 2B. (b) Note that (2x4) 1 4. Hence their dot product s zero. Dat product of any two perpendicular vector iszeroMotion ina Plane 24. (a) (A+B =O => +B 4248 2 F444 20-8 => 24-B=0 o> A-B=0 «ALB Here 4? + B? = C*, Hence, 41 B 25 a= oe Gaal trays G=—-4i m/s? ‘Hence, acceleration of particle at (‘=2 s)=—4m/s* 2% 0) 4 (0,0) Let @ betheangle which theparticle makeswith axis, 3 B From figure, tan == tan Ta yeaaeg [aT pas aw sea vector Ry= R cos @ and y= sin 8, sind y ~e=2e And Reos8 Ry x & > > @ let length of the rod=L From figure, of differentiation with} \y respect totime'?” by ds ax yay sity a xB yyO 9 ae ae ae where, = ¥4 and So,xvy+yvy=0 (@) Position vector, F =(acosar)i +(asinet)j Velocity vector, ar) a : 5, y {lacoseni + (asin) di -aosinor)i +(aocoser)j = ol(-asinon)i +(acoser)j] asinot ‘avosof Slope of velocity veetor, = —7eo8am" __—I asinor anor ©. Velocity is perpendicular to the displacement. (a) Speed of the bullet (v) = 1000 m/s and horizontal distance of the target (s) = 100 m. Time taken to cover the horizontal distance (2) 100 o.1see 1000 During this time, the bullet will fall down vertically due to gravitational acceleration. 1 e- height (1) = ut +. gt? Slope of position vector =4 39) 1 2 = (00.1) +4100. (00.1) + 5100.0) =0.05m=Sem (2) Trajectory is identical for both horizontal ?sin 20 £ Sotho, Sots _ (planer ” Seanth (Meant)? 3 * 2 Thats un” (2) 8m =3.5mit (©) At point B the direction of velocity component of the projectile along »-component reverses, while the x-component remains unchanged. Hence, 7, = 2-37 (©) Horizontal range, 2 i pat sin20 g Maximum height, _ usin? 0) (ly H According to the condition, R=H we sin26 sin? g 2g sin? > 2sin @ cos 0= sind 20s = = > cot= => tne > 8=[tan-'(4)] In case of projective motion range R is times the ‘maximum height FY wsin2@_u?sin?@ g 2g ie, R= nH => = Tan6= : een) (a) For maximum range, the angle of projection, @ = 45°, ? sin20 37. PHYSICS ~ ay @ According to the required condition, 2 tana = RI2 Put the volues from equation (1) and (2) y Max high Ki SRR RB Range (© The momentum along a-axis remains unchanged vsin8 Clearly, change in momentum along a-axis mveos® — mv cos 8= 0 Momentum changed only in vertical direction or sans So, AP = APyerieat > Prinat = Pint sind my sind) ‘mvsin® = 2nny * sin 45° 2 Hence, resultant change in momentum = Vimy = 2mv« amvMotion ina Plane 38. 39. 40, 41 42. 43. (a) Horizontal range for proj w sin2(45-0) g Horizontal range projection w? sin2(45+8) g tion angle (45° 0) is, Ry angle (45° + 6), Ry According to the condition, = AL w sin2(45~0) __sin(90-26) Rw sin2(45+0) —sin(90-+20) R_ cos20_ 1 > Ry cos20 1 So, Ry Ryd 1 The angle of elevation () of the highest point of the projectile and the angle of projection @ are related to each other as tan = tan 6 2 (6). Given, 1 11,0 = 60", 0, = 30" In 1% case, we know that range Jin 2(60°) _ u? sin120° g g wu? sin(90° +30°) g 12 (60s30°) Su? g In 2%4case, when 8, 2? sin60? _ w g Re [we get same value of ranges}. (b) Horizontal range is same when angle of projection with the horizonatal is @ and (90-8) (©) Rinax =" = 16000 [16km= 16000m] or y= (16000g)"* = (1600010) =400ms! (a) Horizontal range is same when angle of projection is @ or (90° ~ 6). (a) Velocity of swimmer wrt. river Vg =20:ms Velocity of river wrt. ground V,,~ 10 m/s _ iN Vs Vso ; E 4s, Vso = Vsr +Vro 6=30" west i.e.,to cross the river along the shortest path, swimmer should make his strokes 30° west. iven: Position vector F cost +sinor 9 Velocity vector, 5 acceleration vector, —exin or & + coser F.% =Ohence 7 | 9 and d is directed towards the origin. [Nothing actually moves in the direction of the angular velocity vector @, The diretion of simply represents tha the circular motion staking place in a plane perpendicular to it. (a) Let re the time passed and x be distance covered by the two ships after which the distance ‘between them becomes shortest. as For Stobe minimum, — dt ds 1 dt 9f(100— x)? +7) [-2100 = x) + 2x] = 0 > 4x-200-0 > x=50m So, afier both the ships have covered 50 m, distance between them becomes shortest. Time taken for it, will 450 10” 10 ¥ hr,46. (b) Here, x sinQnt) (A) jcos(2nt) i) Square apading equation (and (i) ty=PoR: Motion of the particle is circular motion, acceleration vector is along -& and its 2 magnitude= — ugnitude= Velocity of particle, V 47. (d) Centripetal acceleration a, = or 2 2 2n 2x.) FY p= (28) xsx10 (F) GE * 48. (a) Distance covered in one circular loop — 2nr 2x 3.14 x 100 = 628 m Displacement in one circular loop =0 avg Velocity 49. Let both y boy meet atc: in time s then, AC= rand BC= yt From pythagorus theorem, AC? = AB? + BC? PRaa yer 2 -»)=0 e 5 ap 50. (a) a =O R& a =2-9 dt ona, QanpPR =4n2PR? = 4e| 22) ay? R= (2x) (4) = 8 sms PHYSICS ReIm, aye, = 4, = T2ms and direction along the radius towards the centre. If the force acting on a particle is always perpendicular to the velocity of the particle, then the path ofthe particle isa circle, The centripetal {ree (F) is always perpendicular to the velocity ofthe partcl, ie, F.Lv (a) _Incircular motion of aparticle with constant speed, particle repeats its motion after a regular interval of time but does not oscillate about a fixed point. So, motion of particle is periodic but not simple harmonic. ©) Wap => —mg (=% mv?— mu? or, mm? = m(u?-2-g6] hi? <2@¢ Ff i ~ a= fu? —2g0 j—ui |P Halo? 2g +0} Gi a (©) Given, r= > m ¥,=80m/see> w= 5 40 0=2reN=! 20) Inradian From equation, v vw? +200 tangential acceleration a=or ara 2028 © ‘m/sec (©) Linear velocity v= re Y= {oo is same in both eases because time period is same] ryMotion ina Plane 55, 38. (a) In the case ofa body describing a vertical circle, mv? T—mgcos6=""—; 7 = mgeos0-+ Tension is maximum when cos 8 = +1 and velocity is maximum, Both conditions are satisfied at @ = 0° (ie., at lowest point B] @ river Shang fa ate si Speed along the shortest path 1 == ake 15/60 6. ‘Speed of river v = V5? —4? = 3 knv/hr (2) Minimum speed with which the string is rotating in a vertical cirele(v)= Jgr The minimum speed of stone is independent of 6» mass of stone. © 63. Starting point In the horizontal circular motion of the ball tension in the string is balanced by the centrifugal force (= 1 will be for the maximum speed ofthe ball, ners (b). Radius of circular path = 200m = ‘Angular speed of body = 10 rad/s Linear velocity = radius » Angular speed = 210-2 ms 10 (c) On circular motion, the force acts along the radius and displacement at a location is perpendicular to the radius i.e., 0= 90° FScos90° = 0