CONCEPTS AND OBJECTIVES IN MATHEMATICS VOLUME - 1A : PART-2 (TRIGONOMETRY) VARSITY® EMPOWERING EDUCATION * ENABLING DREAMS Central ottice : Working Ottice : 4" Floor, Plot # 80, Sri Sai Plaza, D.No, 54-20/9-6, Floor 1,Timmarusu Street, Ayyappa Society, ‘Srinagar Colony, VIJAYAWADA - 520 008. Madhapur, HYDERABAD - 500 081, Ph: 0866-2544369 R.C., Academic Dean, Institutions, Visakhapatnam. Sri Murthy, Sri Chaitanya Educé Dr. Sadiq Basha, S., Professor of Mathematics, ‘Anna University, Chennai Sri Srikanth, P., Lecturer in Mathematics, Sri Chaitanya Educational Institutions, Vijayawada, Printed at ‘SREE VIJAYA GRAPHICS # 43-106-1/1228, Kanaka Durga Nagar \VWAYAWADA - 520 015, Ph : 0866-2402256CONCEPTS AND OBJECTIVES IN MATHEMATICS VOLUME - IA : PART-2 (TRIGONOMETRY) (Number of pages: 232 + 4 © VEML, Hyderabad All rights reserved First Edition : Mareh 2012 Revised Edition : March 2020 TRIGONOMETRY eT em Ta Trigonometric Ratios Compound Angles Multiple & submultiple angles Transformations and Identities Periodicity, Extreme values and Graphs. Trigonometric Equations Inverse Trigonometric Functions Hyperbolic Functions Properties of Triangles(@ Particular values TRIGONOMETRY, TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS © Measure of angle in diferent systoms (Quadrant signs of the trigonometric ratios of trigonometric ratios {@ Variation of rigonomerrc ratios ‘8 Domain and range of trigonometric ratios @ Basic relationships and identities INTRODUCTION ‘Trigonometry, asthe word implies isconcemed withthe measurement ofthe pars, sides and angles, of atriangle. Trigonometry is based on certain ratios, called trigonometric ratios, to be defined in the preset triangles lying ina plane. At used to interrelate trigonometric ratios. Tis subject chapter, Plane trigonometry is restricted to alytical trigonometry is has applications in certain branches like engineering, physiesete,, LiJANGLE ‘An angle XOP. fig. 1.1, is formed by the two rays OX and OP. The point Q is called the ‘vertex’ and the half lines are called the sides ofthe angle » An angle is generated by revolving a ray from the inital position OX wa terminal side OP. OX iscalled the initial side and OP isealled the terminal side of the angle Standard Position of an angle cartesian (coordinate) system, the angle “Qs said 10 Ina rectangular tobe in the “standard position” if the vertex of an angle @ is atthe origin and ifthe initial side of the angle coincides with the positive x-axis (OX ). (NEO SERIES for Sti Chaitanya Jr. NEON Students, Fig. 13 initial side o Fig. La An angle is called positive ifthe direction of onisanticlockwise and negative if the direction ‘of rotation is clockwise. fig. 1.2, 1.3 are positive angles and fig. 14 is ve angle1.2| MEASURES OF ANGLES three types of measures to measure an 5) Sexagesimal measure i) Centesimal measure ii) Radian measure Sexagesimal measurement (The British System): ‘A degree (°) is defined as the measure of the central angle subtended by an are ofa circle equal t 1054 of the circumference ofthe circle. Aminute ict nt (is ofa degree anda sceond ") is ofa Vv 60 Rightangle ‘Centesimal measurement (The French System): A grade (?) is defined as the measure of the central angle subtended by an arc ofa circle is equal circumference of the circle. A minute | ofa grade and asecond (") is jog, of One Positive rotation 100" Straight angle 100" Rightangle Circular (Radian) Measure : A radian (© is defined as angle subtended by an are of a circle equal tothe radius ofthe circle, o[MATHS-IA, PART Infig. 1.5, Obe the centre and *r’ be the radius of the ciel, ZAOB=1 radian, ZAOC=1 right Length of an are AB le 1 a Lenghot nar AC ann = Since aes ofthe same circle are proportional 10 the angles subtended by them atthe centre, we get ZAOB _arcAB ZAOC areAC 1 radian Trightangle where The following equation will help us to convert the angle from one system to other (ti Dame G=prades, R=radians | is constant ange fi) A rightangle = © radians = 90 fa Exes 120" cs ofl vo= So = 120° = 120 & )- 3 radians 120 =ra 5) fx apes 10 ines of alas ots tf 2) am “=[NEO SERIES for Sri Chaitanya Jr. NEON Students][MATHS-1A, PART-2 ¥) Ino nit of measurements indicated foram angle, will he understood that radian mcasue is implied. i) If @ be the angle subtended by an ac of length on 4 circle of radius 7 a its cette then length ofthe 0 Arca of the sector = 1.3 [COORDINATES IN A PLANE A rectangular coordinate system in 8 plane consists of two number scales (called axes), one horizontal and the other vertical, whose point of intersection is the origin on cach scale. It is customary to choose the positive direction on each axisas indicated inthe figure, that is, positive tthe right on the horizontal axis or x axis and positive ‘upward on the vertical oF yaxis, For convenience, we shall assume the same unit of measure on each By means of such a system the position of any point P in the plane is given by its (directed) distances, called coordinates, from the axes. The -x coordinate or abscissa ofa point P (see fig. 1.6) isthe directed distance BP = OA and the y coordinate or ordinate is the directed distance AP = OB. A point P with abscissa x and ordinate y will be denoted P(x, 9). ‘The axes divide the plane into four parts called quadrants, which are numbered in a counterclock wise direction I, Il, IIT and LV. The ‘numbered quadrants, together with the signs of the coordinates of a point in each, are shown infig. 17. Fig. Ls [NEO SERIES for Sri Chaitat Jt. NEON Students TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS Fig. 17 ‘The undirected distance of any point P(x, ») from the origin, called the distance of P or the radius vector of P, is given by rae sy ‘Thus, with each pointin the plane, we associate raumbers:, yan sq I Plicsoa.- axis € UP licson y- ans € = 0 Pao = coordinates ofthe origin O 1a ANGLES IN STANDARD POSITION Fig. 9 “5][TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS (MATHS, PART2) ‘An angle is said to bea first quadrant angle or said to be in the first quadrant iff in the standard position, its terminal side falls in that quadrant. Similar definitions hold forthe other quadrants, For example, the angles 30°, 59°, and -330? are frst quadrant angles (sec fig. 1.8): 119? is a second - quadrant angle; and 10" and 710° are fourth - quadrant angles (see fig. 1.9), Two angles which, when placed in standard poxition, have coincident terminal sides are called coterminal angles. For example, 30°and -330?, and =10? and 710? are pairs of coterminal angles. There are an unlimited number of angles coterminal with a given angle. Coterminal angles fr any given angle can be found by adding integer multiples of 360? t0 the degree measure of the given angle, The angles (", 90°, 180° and 270° and all the angles coterminal with them are called quadrancal angles L5 [TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS OF | GENERAL ANGLE, Consider a circle with centre O and radius rin the rectangularcartesian system. Let @ be an angle (not quadrant) in standard position and let Pox y)be any point, distinet from the origin, on the terminal side ofthe angle that intersects the circle in PCy). (ig. 1.10) OP and 37+)? ‘The six trigonometric ratios of @ are defined, interms ofthe abscissa, ordinate, and distance of P, as follows: sine @ secant 8 =sec = Sane, abscissa cosccant = esc@ = stance Ordinate Asan immediate consequence of these defini Fee cos cot seeO=1/eos0 ese = A Fig, 1s, we have the so-called reciprocal relations Lsec e=[NEO SERIES for Sri Chaitanya Jr. NEON Students](MATHS-1A, PART-2 Because of the reciprocal relationships, one ratio in each pair of reciprocal trigonometric ratios has been used mote frequently. than the other. The ‘more frequently used trigonometric ratios are sine, cosine and tangent. Its evident from the diagrams in fig. 1.10 to 1.13 that the values of the trigonometric functions ‘of @ change as @ changes. The values of the functions ofa given angle @ are independent of the choice of the point P on its terminal side, 1.6] QUADRANT SIGNS OF THE RATIOS| ‘Since ris always positive, the signs of the ratios in the various quadrants depend on the signs of x and y ‘The signs of the ratios sine, cosine and tangent in each of the quadrants, sin@= y/r--Since yisa positive in quad [and Il and negative in quadrants I and 1V and ris, always positive, sin@ i positive n quadrants Iand and negative in quadrants IM and TV. cos8= ¥/r. Since xis postive in quadrants L and IV and negative in quadrants Il and IIL, cos® is positive in quadrants T and IV and negative in ‘quadrants Tand 1 tan = y/x. Since. and yhave the same signs in quadrants I and IIL and opposite signs in quacirans Tand1V, tan is positive in quadrants Land I and negative in quadrants Hand 1V, The reciprocal of a trigonometic function has the same sig in each quadrant the function [NEO SERIES for Sri Chaitanya Jr. NEON Students }:- (TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS Fig. Ltd Signs of Trigonometrc ratios When an angle is given, its trigonometric functions are uniquely determined. However, the value ‘of one function of an angle is given, the angle is not © enon ‘uniquely determined. For example if sin @= 0 = 30", 1507, 3907, 510’ general, swo possible positions ofthe terminal sd are found for example, the terminal sides of 30? and 150" in the above itasraon. Thisrulehasan exemption when the angle isaquadran 17 [TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS OF QUADRANTAL ANGLES For a quadrantal angle, the terminal side coincides with one of the axes. A point P, distinct from the origin, on the terminal side has either x=Oand y 40,orx ¢ Oand y=0. Ineither case, two of the six functions will not be defined. For ‘example, the terminal side ofthe angle coincides With the positive x axis and the ordinate of P is 0. Since the ordinate occurs in the denominator of the ele ratio defining the cotangent and cosecant, these functions are not defined, [Anglea] 0 oe] 80 [ar sing | 0 1 0 =I ewe | t ? 7 0 fang [0 [dened | 0 |i eoc@ [undefined | 0 [ micfnsd | 0 see] 1 | amet [I [ent eco [unieined |_| leit [1 The following table summarizes the behavior ‘of each trigonometric ratio that becomes undefined for angles from 0! upto 360 #7][TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS [= (MATHS:IA, PART ‘Angle 6 Fatio values 1.10 [PERIODIC FUNCTIONS S_F [etd = and sc 4 OF | cot0—= and 0 90" | tan to5 and secO— 90°] tan —= and secO > — 180 | cot0 = and es t= = 180] cot Ho and exe 0 = 270" | tan too and sec@—>— = 27 [tan and seeO > — means the value is less than 90" means values les than 90 The means the valueis greater than the number stated; 180 means values greater than 180", The 1¢ number stated ; 1.3] Trigonometric functions of 30,45" and 60) ‘Any function of a variable x repeats its values in del 1x), which cycles is called periodic: ‘The smallest range of values of x which corresponds toacomplete cycle of values ofthe fu nis called period of the function, Its evident from the graphs of fig. 1.15 the trigon netric functions thatthe sine, cosine, secant and cosecant are of period 2m while the tangent and cots functionsare discussed in a later chapter. Angleo [| 3] a T o we =. 2 we 2 T 7 cos 8 z ; tan ' oe 1 cot @ 1 eB see Bi 2 wee 2 a flys 1.9 [VARIATIONS OF TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS| he Lgucaet. tbe Tne quant. tbe se Loom te Ole Tinm Ow 1 cme [tom 00-1 fone Lim 1 0 wrest Thom -= © 0 fags Tinm 0m = a er son Thon -» et [eon Tim 10 = oot Timm te loman [fm «0 | Nine MTgueac be TV quate se Ltn ow Tom ° wwe Pion to Ole tim Ow 1 went Tian Om luge Tio = 0 Senet | fren tt 0 [ose | fom 0 8m sot Liem t= fect Liem wT eat Tom 10 foot Liem “1 = y 1 nn. (ay =seex NEO SERIES for Sri Chaitanya Jr. NEON Students] gent are of period 7. PeriodicMATHS, PART.2 >> (y seen Fig. Las DOMAIN AND RANGE OF ‘TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS. If P(x, y) isa point on the terminal ray of an angle @ in the standard position and OP =r(> 0) iy 1. sin® and cos6 are defined ¥ 8 R. tan@ and sec are definedonly when x #0 When 0=(2n+ D2, eZ thn becomes zero and hence tan®, sec are not defined. when ¥0 then tan®,sec@ can be defined. 3. cot and cosecd) are defined only when y#0 When 0=nn, ne Z then y becomes zero and hhence cot, cosec® are not defined 8, cosee® can be de: when y #0 then c fined. 4 Ptytar siete lyr alse = los 1, Isin 811 = IsecO12 1, loose 8121 S. I x#0 then tan@=2eR 6. I y0 then cot@ (NEO SERIES for Sti Chaitanya Jr. NEON Students TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS jometric ‘The domains and the ranges of the trig ratios areas follows: Ratios] Domain Range Sa R an os R bt) wn R(Qe+)neinezi| — R ot | R= [nx nez) R soe R-(2n+ x2: e2i] Cm.) Ute) cosee| R-Inw eZ} |bo.-l ule) ag standard postion. hen they ae called coterminl Bs 20 “wo angles at si to be complanentry hon hi 3007 ae coterminal suis x/2 x Se Ex, 20, 70° are complementary and oe complementary ° iy Two anges ae sid tobe supplementary when their sums a fix, 20, 160" are supplementary and =. are supplementary. iv) Two angles are sai to be ald when thei sum or alference iether zero a mule of /2 i2| FOR ALL VALUES OF 6, ‘TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS OF 2nn+ 0;n €Z INTERMS OF THOSE OF 6) Since the terminal sides of the angles @ 2nn-+8, ne Z are same, hence the trigonometric ratios for an angle 2nx+, ne Z are the same as those for @ Let @ be any angle, then Sin(n 2x +0)= sin cos(n-2R+8)=cos® sec(n-2n-+8)= sec tan 2+8)= tan sosect covec(n- 2+ 6) where ne Z Bx. 1) sin $00? = sin (3607-4 47) = sin 4? 2) coe ($507) =n (23607 + 1307) = coe 1307 3) tan (137) =tan(68(2n) +R) stan *{9][TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS k*—_______________s{MATHS.1A, PART: 1.13] FOR ALL VALUES OF 6, ‘TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS OF. AN ANGLE (-0) In fig. 1.16, @ and —8 are constructed in standard position and are numerically equal. On their respective terminal sides the points P(x, y) and P(x, yi) ate located so that OP = OP, In cach of the figures the two wiangles are congruent and and yy ==. then © @ Fig Lie x sin(-80)=-sn 57, cn -30) cos 7, HHH Except for thos cates in which ratio isnot defined, the above relations are alo vals! when@ a quadrant angle. This may be veified by making use of he fact that. “0 and 0, -50" an 277,180" and 1807, and 270" and & sin (90%) = sin 270° = 1 = =n 907 08 180) = cos 180, and ot 270") = cot 00° = 0 =~ cot 270 ‘TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS OF 2nn-0; we Z INTERMS OF THOSE OF (-0) Since the terminal sides of an angle 2nn-0, ne Z and (-8) are same, hence their trigonometric ratios are same. sin® cos sin(n:2n-0) = sin(—) cos(n-2n-8) = cos(-6 (io: NEO SERIES for Sri Chaitanya Jr. NEON Students](MATHS-AA, PART-2 tan(n-2n—8) = tan(-@)= ~tan cosee(n: 2x8) = cosee(-8) secin-2n-8) = sec) = sec colin 2-8) = cot(-@)= ~c0t 8 _-S-—_____ Angles 0 and n2R-O.n0Z ate cermin mpi Ex. ~cosec® cos sz = con 360" — 48") = con C48") = cont (360! — 15%) = Sin(-18") = sin 15 1.15] FOR ALL VALUES OF 0,TRIGONO} METRIC RATIOS OF THE ANGLE, Let @ be an angle in the standard position in the Ist quadrant In fig. 1.17, @ and standard position, On their the points P(x ») and P, ( oP = oP, In the fig. 1.17 the two triangles MOP and M,OP, are equal in all respects, and therefore OM | (numerically) and OM, = x, = MP=y (numerically) 6 are constructed in spective terminal sides are located s0 that From A MOP, si coxec From MOR, so © 6} Had [TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS Simitarly, if isin other quadrants, then the above results can be proved. ‘We can easily prove the following for all values of an angle ‘9 ii) singr—0)=sin0, cosix—0) tan(x—0)=~tan®, cot(n-0)=—ot 8, see(R—0) = sec, cosee(R-0) = cosec 0 ii) sin(n-+0)=—sin@, cos(x+0)=—cos®, tan(a+8)= tan, co1(+ 6) sec(R +0) =—sec8., coscctn +6) iv si 0) [NEO SERIES for Sti Chaitanya Jr. NEON Students fi[TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS |: oie The above results can also be obtined as given » E0 where below: Let the vem angle “Aan A nez, 020% » ($34) sin, ifn seven cos6, ifm sod = Ss itmisoad ot, ifm isd 9) calm ot fn even scc8, if isoven Aeosee if nso ‘toowet ifm seven = tsec8, ifn isodd ‘The sign in the RHLS. ofthe shove resus can he evided from the quadrant in which an angle ‘Aes. (or tse the phrase “Al Silver Tea Cup) Ex si 120° = sin 1.97 +309 =608 30" Ex2.cos 240° = 60s (8 90°30") =n 30 (ake S]MATHS-1A, PARI 1.16 [BASIC RELATIONSHIPS Reciprocal, quotient and pythagoras relationships: ip iy 1+ cot? O=cosee*@ ‘The basic relationships hold for every value of 6 for which the functions involved are defined. by sin? asco? O=1 90 2) ano =208 bok for avalos of © fr which an 0 dened. for a Orn whee mio 117 /TRI NOMETRIC IDENTITES ‘An equation involving the trigonometric ratios which is valid for all values ofthe angle for which the ratios are defined is called a “trigonometric identity” ‘The basic relationships mentioned in 1.16 are trigonomettic identities Be » 6 is trigonometric equation but not «trigonometric identity 2) embcoweeB=cor8 and cost-un@=sin® are examples of some fundamental trigonometric identities. 1.18] SPECIAL RESULTS 1, sin? 0+¢0s? 0=1 2. T#tan? 0=see? 6 = see? 0 tan = secO+tanO sec8 tan i eb riand <:[NEO SERIES for Sti Chaltanya Jr. NEON Students] = secO—tan0MATH ART: TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS Treat? = conec’® Sol 3) cos A + cos? B = £0? A+.08? = cosee7@— cot” sox? Atsin? A Similary we can also prove th = cosecB + cot = cosec— cot 8: [1+ cos \t-cos8 4) Wome ota, Bis F and Av 2 Gel or M Quadrants, ‘cose + e018 cosecO+c0t then, [rrcos8 _ [1+ cos OF _Utcos8! Vi-cos0 V 1-cos?@ Isin0 then tan AtanB So: i) HE nome of A, B is 0 cot Acot B= 1 A+B=%, then 2 since 1++c08@ or 1—coS@ is always postive 1+ cos8 sin @) If sin@>0 =Isin@ i= sin Sol: i) LHS.=tan Atan B= tan Atan{ © = tan AcotA=1 Similary we can prove the second result [Frees _1 +0050 146080 — cosecB +010 5. i) sind, +5in0, +...48ind, =m, eX Vi-cos0 sind = sin®, =sin®; =0E/ oF I Quadsants i) C00 +€0803 4. = c0s8 =cos8, +{SOLVED EXAMPLES }'¢ cos IS" sec 210", cosee 225, 6 i) Sin +sin(x+0)+ 19 na un(—2) Sin(2n +0) +n tsin(nn +) odd sin @ if mis even H) cos + con + 0) +e0s(2x+ 0), +cosinn +0) 0 if nis odd Sol 080 if m is even rl 28) ty an 1 We Ay =sin I then x >». Sok: In @ 1st quadeant, sin x increases from 0 to 1 when x increases from 0? to 90 wave > 1 and 1, 1" are both in Q,. Hence, inl > sin 1° 3) =Tan(-1380) 8. IA and B are complementary angles, then i) Tan (4 3607 607) cos A+ cos! = == Tan (0) = Tan 1 sin? A + sin? B =F [NEO SERIES for Sti Chaitanya Jr. NEON Students RET)[TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS: a) a iy Cosee(sx+8) iv) see(4n—8) oe) Sol: 6) Tan(0148] Tan 4x8) =—Tan (72 )- 8) =-Tan¢ @) =Tan iin Conce Se Coco in ene msec (n+) = Conee 6 In) See (4B) =see(-0) =S2c0 1 cov aS + cos 13S + con 226+ cor 3H i cos 228°~ sin 25° + tam 495° cot 495° i lin wo ny (cosg—sing) (a) 0 Sob e004 + co 138+ 08228 + con'31S = cost + covd5" + cos'4S"+ cords (rake . MATHS-1A, PAR i120 + 0150" tan 138 3,3 030 + sin or —cot 48 aa ii) con 225°—sin 205° + tan 495° —cot 495 cos 45+ sin AS" + tan 38° cot 139 sos 315°— sin 315 co 45° sin dS cost) ~ sin = eo 64" ~ in 660" 4H Ising + cose cower, mee Witacos —bsin 4 Sol: ising + cose Saintes Sine 2sin0 = sn? 0" 0+ cosex"O= 141 =2 ii) ven aeono-Asino letasing +beosa Now €'44°=(ucoeg-bsing)'+(asing + hc080) oy ePr SPP e hak F Show hat cot © cot cot cot 7%, 20 a0 30 0 20 (MARCH. 2005), Sol: LHS. cor cr Hout Boor Kear (oa ct Vo2™ ca ™ ol 58 ot cot (cor cr lool 5) =u A+ B=n/2= cot toot 20° 30" 307 20 Her Ras, <:[NEO SERIES for Sti Chaltanya Jr. NEON Students](MATHS PART) 2(sin 0s con 6)~3 sin! @+cox40) Sot: 2{sia* 0+c08a)~3[sin* 2+ coxa) asin 9cov'e | 21 Sng cong) 125i cos'9) == (sing + cos'9 7. HE 3sin0 640805 then show that 4xin Sco Sol: Let 4sin0-3c000 sin 40080)! + Usin@- Soon6)* = 5? 442 22 ok =h=0 = Asin Sco theo >0, tan6-+sin8=m and an6—sind = 0 then show that? =n = 4 Sol: os8>0, 00 +sin0 and n =tan sin cand + sn)" —(an0—sin0)" sin? 0 ) x= A608 9 y=bsin’e wate) la fy sO +un8. jemect = sin m= coseeg + sing (cose sin 2eosee sing + 2conec #8) [NEO SERIES for Sti Chaitanya Jr. NEON Students 1 [TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS EXERCISE - 1.4 VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS Find the values of i) an(sss") wss(i98) yr v) cos 585° vi) tand80° Vids S10? i) cose 750 imrcor76s" —Sein-05) xicos(~25) — xipse2i00) xiipcot-318) ') Find the value of sin 330°, cos 120° + cos210? sin300” ii) Prove that sin 780°,sin 480” +c0s240".cos 300? 4 i) If sinO= and 0 isnot in first quadrant, 3 find the value of cos 1 and @ does not fi in thd ii) IF sine quadrant, find the values of cos ®,cot® iil) IF 3siner+ Sos Ssingr — 5 then show that cosa = £3 Teos@=k, Oke and *6' is not an angle inthe first quadrant then find the values of the other trigonometric ratio in terms of k v) IP Tan? @ = 1 ~e® show that Sec8+Tan’@.Cosee 8 =(2 ~e*) i) WF8Tan A =~ 15 and 25 sinB =~ 7 and neither A nor B isin the fourth quadrant then ii) 1f a. are complementary angle such that bsina=a then find the value of sinctcos cosersinB. TS][TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS (MATHS, PART2) ii) AFA is not in IK qudrant, B is not in IIL If tan20° =A then show that quadrant and cos tan 160" tan 110° 1-72 hen ind the vat of 2 1+ tan 160" tan 110° 2h then find the value of . 3. i) Ir secO+tan ABCD is acy quadrilateral then show that 3 find the vale of sin ') cos A+ cos B+ c0s C+ cos D=0 and determine the quadrant in which 8 lies i) sind + sin B=sin C+ sinD 6. Prove that (tan@-+-cot @)" (OR) sec? B.coser"8 1 ) If cosee® + cot = > find cose and determine the quad ii) If sec® + tan@ = 5 findthe quadrant in which B les, find sing, rove tat coco co 7? 16 16 8. If sinee+eoseca=2 4M a yanp 7* find the value of sin" ot cosec"a T¥eos0+sin0 9. Find the val of cost tin i Bit A i ig? me 0 "078" 0 5. Provetngt (88@=8) _1oos0 10. Prove that (Tan@+cot8)* = © (I+sin8+cos8)” I+e0s@ sec? 04 cosee*® = see? Beosee 6 Prove that SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS| (1+ e0t8—coseed) (1+ tan + sec) nO-+secO—1_ 1+ sind an@—secO+1 cos 1. Prove hat cos(n—0). cat $0} .cos(-8) 7. Prove that , ° ‘Mare.2014) neo) an[ 8) ser-9) 8 Provethit Sina -eoss)-+64ina Feo) + , Atsin® + 008° sin@-0jeos(0- a tox-adn(0-5}m( $8) 9. Stow a cr( Eso) convo —8) cota? see a. jit Sin 150” ~Se0s300" +7tan225° tan 135" + 3sin 210° oC) }) Iftan20° =A.then show that tan610? +1an700"_ 1-22 ‘an 560°—tand70" 142. 10. Show that (sina. +cosect)’ +(cosat +sec a)? (tua ¢ot?a)=7 11, If 088+ sin = V3 cos, then prove that £08 =sin0 = V2 sind (Starch. 2008,2009,8-15) cos'8y=bsin'® ) Eliminate *@” from the equations x=tanO+c0t8, y= secO—cosO 12. i) Eliminate “0° from (AP Marett6) [is NEO SERIES for Sri Chaitanya Jr. NEON Students](MATHS-AA, PART-2 ANSWERS, [ADDITIONAL SOLVED EXAMPLES } 21a" heres yaretwo equal on: ‘ero rea nunberathe prove that 9 has rel alae Here 4 yandthey area. s0 x? ¢y? >? 9 cones I ix> y and conesO>—1 Hexcy “Te coecd<} Which fe possible hese we kno that cones21 of 1 ene, here so tal vale of @ ‘in 230 sin 7 in28 40 189 2 e=2 then show that ut Sot 210-420) =sincn +20) =-sin20 sin 40 = sing 210~70) = sin'x~70) =sin 78 Lis, - $80230—sin70 70 5n20-Fain 4” sin 2055n 70 =-1=RuS. 6 9. -@:[TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS {[ADDITIONAL EXERCISE WA, B, Care the angles of a triangle then sro tts 22©) ono 285) Cleon Jeoud and tan{ \ IFA, B, C, Dare the angles of a quadrilateral, then show that vB 2 wyso( 828) eon( 22 Jao Prove that oP sin? + sin? 10? +sin® 15-4. If sin.x-+sin? x=1 then show that cos! x++2c0s° x-+eost Vf sinx-+sin® x=1 then prove that cos!” x+3e08!” x43c0s! x-+c0s" sod 2= Sco" 0?" then sto Prove tat isnot fr 4ab any real 0 where a,be R and lal #161 s If sinO=—> and @ €Q, then PT. Seog + 12 tang + 13 cosecg =0. Ifa, =sinrp +e0s'@ the PT. = Ix =r cose cos, y = rose sinB, 2 =r singe, prove that 2+ 9242 =F Teosec@ — sing =a! and sec — cos then prove that a°b'(a" + 6°) = 1 [NEO SERIES for Sti Chaitanya Jr. NEON Students *{i7][TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS Sf MATHS41A, PART-2] ans) Definitions and Formulae (One right angle = 5 i radians = 2 right angles 0.01745 radians 1481 (approx) Trigonometric ratios of an angle: Iaray OP direction of X-axis then ) sino i) Cos @= iy Tana =~ (x20) iv) Coe = 5040) \) See @ =~ (reo) 2 xili)Costr + Sects 22 xivyTants + Cote>? Values of trigonometric ratios of certain angles: SEF pee a | a] we IN Toya sm fo fF lale]n 1 cos fa ALE Jo Tan | 0 3] 1 | V8 | Undefined cor | Undefined 1 | ys] o Cosec| Undefined | walt sec [1 8] | 2 femenes ‘Signs of Trigonometric ratios :1F@ lies in 1. I TI, TV quadrants then the signs of trigonometric ratios are a8 follows 0 90" <6 <180" sin@ and cosecd are (4) ve ut 180 <@ <270? tan @ and oot @ are (Ove I #<0<90" all the fatios are (4) ve W 270° << 360 0s ® and sec 8 360 A50,.....0te ate called 90" quadrant angles ii) With “ALL SILVER TEA CUPS" symbol we can remeber the signs of igonomerc ratios NEO SERIES for Sri Chaitanya Jr. NEON Students][MATHS:1A, PART:2):>- 6. Increasing and decreasing behaviour of trigonometrical ratios In Q, + sing, tand, sec@ are increasing and cos, cote, decreasing functions fanetions cosece are In Q, + sing, cos@, corg are decreasing funetions and tan. sece increasing functions In Q, : sing. cote funetions and tang, increasing functions In Q seco are decreasing cos, cosee@ are sing, cos, tang are increasing <:[ TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS 9 Supplementary angles : Two angles A.B are sd to be supplementary A+B =180" i) Sind ~ Sing =0 ii) Cos + Cost =0 ) Fant + Tan = 0 1) TEA-Be180" then a) Cot + Con 1) Sind + Sit =0 Tat Tan ) WAsB=360 hen 4) Sin + Sins'=0 by Coed Cost funetions and cosee@. sec@, cot are decreasing functions ) Tana Tans =0 7. Coterminal angles : AF wo angles dite 7 ‘terminal angles: If two angles differ by an integral multiples of 360? then two angles ate [Fancrioal atin am called coterminal angles =— » ba Thus 30P, 3907, 7507, -330?, etc. ate coterminal | Sit . ao angles. Con R ral Funct [90° 0 | 180° 0] 2705 0] 360" 0 a Tan | R(t). nex R find [cost | Saino] cos | sino 2 ES a Re ox Re(nm,ne 2) R ane [2co@ | zune [sow | Fane 7 See |RAQneS,nez}] Cw AU coseed sec | zcoseco | seco | Feosece ataetig ince! uu seco [acoseco] seve | Feosecdf seco core | Rimmer) | Cm-IUIL@) [cow [sane [Feo [sane | Fone sini. 360° +0) = sing costn. 360° +) = cost tancn, 360? +8 sin (a, 360° - 9) costn, 360° 6 8. Complementary Angles : Two Angles A.B are said to complementary —.A+B=90) 3) Tun TanBi=l and Cot Cott 1) Fao + Sing =e then eae shen Ae AL, sin0+ sin(x-+0)+sin(2m-+6)+ “sin(nm-+8)=0, ifn is odd aSing-BCos 1) acon Sin: Sing sion 8, ifm is even 12, cos0-+eos(n-+0) +c0s(2n-+0)+ -+eos(nn +8) 0, if mis odd [NEO SERIES for Sri Chaitanya Jr. NEON Students 18][TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS }*® EXERCISE -_ |? po B-t 3. tan 38° £, then t tan 145" tan 125" 1 tan 15" an 25" 5. If cot@ =-5 and gis not in the second quadrant Ssin 0 +10c0s8 +9see9 +16 cose 84 cot no 42 6. ISin?@=K? (cke1) and 180° <0-<270" then Cote +Ji=K?. Seco 40 2 ie =p 8. deed) axe) FP estl 23s 2x4), 2x(x+l) erecta) Peres 10. 1. Mu 15. 16. ”. 18, . - If a8 are complementary angles, sine pi yt ye yg Dy 2 Ht If a and fare complementary angles then in? 90" «1 + sin? (O0"-B. boat Ha 2 1 = 3 bo 9s 9 oF then sincecosp—cosrsinp 7 v2 25 Ds Fd If a4 are supplementary angles, then cos? a+ sin? B br at 32 0 con con Ee coh «conte bo at HA 2 tan ™ 10 bot 34 log tant tog tan 2° + br 290°» tan 3% + tam + tan 2% 09 0 2 ‘Hog tan89? = 2 tan 10” tan20" tan30" tando" tans0” tan6o? tam 70° tans? po 21 ya 2 4° + sin32" + sin204° + sn2t2” ba oar 90 HE F seus cos seas sco sean co sco cast san son scot bo at 2) H2 NEO SERIES for Sri Chaitanya Jr. NEON Students](MATHS-1A, PART.2):2 a. 26, 21. 28, (NEO SERIES for Sri Chaitanya Jr. NEON Students | ——________——* c0s?5" cos 10"4c0s15 08 2360" Dw 227 336 44s tt Esno,cu then cae cs po at yn IFSing , + Sing , + Sin Cos + Cos + Cosa pi 23 30 43 Ite = sin 130° + 08130" then Dx as pasa! 4 arassso Mostar + B) = then since +28) = Wt tana + B)=d8, tana B)=1 then asp = ar a ae TRIGONOWETAIG RATIOS 1 30. If sinfa+B)=1, sin(a—B)=> then tan (a+ 28)tan(20+ )= x, sinde—sin23 3h TEs her in d+ sin 16k br yt yo 32, Ina AY ABC, sight angled at C then tank + tand @ 58 ye ya i 38. Mf ABCD is a quadsilateral then Chol + tan? c+ cote then k = no 07 ys bie 314 2k=0 es cau{ Bt2E*3A) 4 coal ARB 37. In AABC, eos| == +)- b-a 90 HL wy? 38 te tang then no yr 2[TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS: 39, a= x sec8+ y tang, b= x tao syseco then ey? = De-P DEH HPa awe 40, If sin +-cos8=p and tand+c0t8=4 then a1) 1 D> 22 yr as AL, TEx = a (coseeB+c018), y = b (cosec-cot®) then Dxty sab 2)xy = ab 3) ay = ab Davao 42. Ihe = reosqeusBeosY3 y =r cos cosBsinY; =r sin then tay2c4e ANSWERS 2 24 398 4d) 64 72 83 91 10/2 14 122 191 14)415)4 16)2 172 188 191 20/3 211 22)3 293 24)4 25)1 26)2 27/2 -28)4 293 90)1 311 923 992 94)1 952 36)2 37/2 38)3 39)1 402 ang ae 1 its ‘Sin3 then Deeye Dx>y ye Arexey Which of the following is correct ? 1 sinl® > sia 1 2) sin! = sin 1 3) sint® < sin 1 4) none A-=sinL, B = cost, C= tant then the ascending order is DABC BAC YCAB 4)BCA 4 4 NEO SERIES for Sri Chaitanya Jr. NEON Students] |. HE tan3S°4cot37"stan325° = xtanssstanl27° IC K is a positive integer then MATH X = tant, ¥ = tan2, Z descending order is DKNZ DLXX OKAY HNAX uence? cco( Joes 1 po at a4 yt In Ale ABC, S c0sA +3 =O then the quadratic equation whose roots are sind and tanA is 1) 184 32e416=0 2) 15 + 8e-16=0 3) 1S Ike 1620 4) 1Se8-8e-16=0. If sind, cos are the roots of the equation ax-bete=0 then the relation among a,b, ¢ is 1) a+ ue dae =0 Aya 40 4 2ac=0 ty is tro, yo By : ‘The equation cosee®: 1) possible for 2) possible forall real values of x and y 3) impossible for all re 4) can’t be determined values of x and y Hy =cos? 0+ see? 8, 84 um, ne Z then Dys0 2 ys2 Teotg + tang pr 90 then x= nt sin(a+-n) +Sin (a+ 2) +Sin(a+3n)+ sin (a+ 24] no 13) Sine cOs0 + C08 + 8) + 60812 #8) + ee + cont20n + 8) = 10 2)e088 3) sin® 4) -con sint0" + sin20" + 3600 = po 21 y-1 yd[MATHS-IA, PART-2 > 15. bin a1 92 M0 16, sintos 2sint0(1- Gg) Coste Site 2 Taig) Corton br 0 26. a. thera etme! 17. The rai between in that order is hie yas ga 2, ‘Tan(n—s\Tam(Sn-+1)_Cosl.Sn3) 8 cata=tse Sine) Sinan) DSin'e 2) Coste 3) Coss 4) Sia’ ro 2 9. ta concta* cta roma 2 3 sista 4) cove bo Dt D os, gp, S28 Atin A cont Alaa cooAtsina * sA=sinA 2. bo ya a1 92 aa 1-28 teem sino Tew0* sind Tc secd 0. sao 20 0 Ht 7 — tao caste » Trantor at 200 Ht a2 asp 2880p ey Eo es-tsno Tres0esind "Tino bp Dp) yp. 2A. Le sindesin20 4.08 425, 060 x 4 [NEO SERIES for Sti ‘cosSseas 247+c0s1757+c0s 204°%-c08300 NEON Students }' TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS ria rt=) a? 8 and Occ caer af 925 oH tr SECO ale antete tn xed cae then ebvced na soot ost He is and (1—a?)sin@ =(1+a*)cos® then sin = Ep) ee Beep » 1 then cosecg -cot = " Ie coseeo + cot 3 3092 Isind, cos, tan8 are in GP then £0890 + cost + 3 ens'@ = a2 pt 30 18 cases4S5n #18 and cos #0 then 8 sin-I5 cost ps 8S ats tn nine: i Sin AssSinn =Sand isin a2 Sin = hen C= nae 4s 34490 A sind +3 cos 05 then tand = bas as 48 as 1 (ins bcos = then Since fur, Sa »[TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS = sine, then caste + cose = 2 di yt 35. sec A = S452 then sec + tana SM sec A= Ser sp then sec + tan D ss 2 ) 10. (or) 4) 10.8000 Ty ‘Toe 36. tang = p-* then seco-tane = 1% D 2 een 5, 255 on) 2p ) 2100) 3, P 1 ) 3p (on 2 4) Zp (927 1 37. I cosee A= det 7e—then cosee Aet 1) &« (or) 2) 86 (09 Ge 3) &r (or) 4) 8 (or) as. (fis "et" = ee avr ESBS scot + tand, then the Iosina quadrants im which the angle A ties are bum 2mm y.w aay 40, If x}—__-[NEO SERIES for Sri Chaitanya Jr. NEON Students]53. asec8+ btan 8 Dear re Jahre $4, I azrcosaty sin? a then (ay raytie- »)? sinter costa po 1 » Da 58. Im =a Cos + 3a CosOSin?® and nm =a Sin?8+3aCos?@ Sin@ then (ms)®8+{m-n)% pe 87. It a oy Dare 58, If ind +c0s6 =p, sin! 0+ cos! pus) Da y v4 w 59, Ie =a (sec8 + tanB)? and y = b(sce8. then x = 1) ab seo 2) 0° tan 3) a" a? 60, 1 cose +5 sino = Hand 32 ot. ‘0s0-Sin; b=Cos'0-Sin'0; then 1) a 3a42b=0 Dave 3) @-3a-2he0 4) Bas2h=0 a. 63. 07. [NEO SERIES for Sti {JE.NEON Students TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS cot + cost b then (oye 1) dab 4 and cotO -cos0 2)8ab 3) ab 4) ab One possible representation of points (x,y) on wy 1 Ging. cose) 3) (sec, cosec@) 2) Gece, tana) 4) (0s, tan) and We = acos' Oxia? 0 "(9.4 ©) isindependent of then Sino 1 tsass 2) 05052 3) 2 0 Reason (R) : If 6 € R,eos8— choose the correct answer 1A is rue, explanation of A R is true and R is correct 2) A is true, R is true and R is not correct explanation of A 3) Ais ue, Ris false 4) Ais false, Ris true If x = cost0? ~ sin10? then Dero Hx=0 x20 2"2 isin ~cos0)* + Asin + cos)? +4sin® O= Jt rin 1) 13-deos! 8+ 2sin? Boos? @ 2) 13—4e0s2 04 6sin? Boos? 3) 13-deos"@+6c08" 8 4) 13-deos"@ e{25)[TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS: (aNSWERS) vara ee a wt sya wt age 16)1 17/2 18/2 -19)2-20)4 be maar aoe aa sot ana sat ant 8 31)4 = 32)333)4 34)2 35) 4 og na ot oa a as ani ale 441 als ia and ad ig a mye aes ime 9) me os 5 mia oie os i ame mn 2, Tan? A¢tan? B tan! C—tan Blan e— fanCtanA~tanAtan B=0 then anc is 1) Krosceles 2) Equilateral 3) Ritht angled 4) Right angled isosceles acos"?a+bcos! Oaceos"o+ deos*o-t then 2*< aed bi 22 FT a3 4. Hsin + sinty + sin’ costs = deost + 8 cos? bt 5. I u,=Cos"0 + Sin’ 0 and u, K pt 3) -Sin@ Co 2) Sin*a MATHS-IA, PAR 6. Masin's + boos's = sine goss and asin x = beos x then a? +? = at 1 1 then see »2 418 + tam cose 8 5 then 4a?-96? = De eb 4) -ab 9. -0-+Cosee@ then 2) mim) 3) Int 4) Into and Ha,Coxg + ,Sing +c, 44,6080 +b,sin0 + €,=0 then yer baey? Henze) = DY abpap? 2 ahah, 2 -eF Dberhey Da Dab=t nent IF ee = them cosa + costae tb eeseee #608 180 = 0 tH: Ha +2) + 2a-1) cos = 2a-¢1 then tan = Which ofthe above statements is correct? D only 1 2) Only 1 3) Both T&M 4) Neither Ynor cos 20 sin 208, B = cos 100" sin 100", sweonS™ 5 sin2™ then the aon + sin to the ascending oder ABDALBC eA pe YBCADCBA NEO SERIES for Sri Chaitanya Jr. NEON Students]<3[TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS —= ANSWERS ns 22 94 44 93 63 73 8)1 92 10)1 13 12)2 192 191 15)2 12172 19)2 191204 (NUMERICAL EXERCISE } Reason R):1°A-¢ 8 = then Tand tant = 1 1 HE sims cond tan are in GAP, then 2 cotet cot = 1) Ais ue, R is te and R isnot core 1 A is true, R is true and R is correct sec? 0+ sin? @= explanation for A a oases ters aetor a See 4. 13 seca -S tan a =k and 6seca +k tana =S 4) Ais fe, Ris me re 17. up asin? x + boos’ r=e+ 5. Hfcos x + costs = I then and tne « : sin + 3s! 3 inte + sate #12 x ame, [reso 1 (a-dXe~a) (b= eXb=d) ose a Trsin@ *Y1—sind ) > _ pon | tea rio wea (22) 5 \ Te WR sine + 5 coe Tin = then ) (a—dye—a) bend) x Tan E +4 coy 6 ot: 18. If tan@,2tan@ + 2,31an0+3 are in G.P then 2 seat 8. IARCD is a cystic quadrilateral them the vale of Sesag—y cos(180"s cos 180°) cost18"-C)-sin (90D = y2 yy B yB 9. cast 082" 608 3 srs 0817" 5 i OR . Rew At3sind 19. cosee 10. Moot A=] them “scan A—sin A (see? Acosee*A— 11. If 1 +4 tang =4sec@ then cosg = Ho 20 Hel 42 12. If sec*@—tan’@ sect@ + bsec’@ + ¢ then Sere aps °. tan?" a tamswens} 0 = “ ANSWERS 8<8<%, mon: 1 2)475 318 420 592 Haxd4y = 1 Dene 6)4 7/11 8/0 90 10)2.25 3) x(l-yp= 0 4) ley = 11) 0.47 12)1 —s [NEO SERIES for Sri Chaltar IEON Students 27)