ME - 323A:

FLUID MECHANICS

PROGRESS CHECKS
WEEK 6 TO 8

SUBMITTED BY: LACUBA, JANNA RHEA P. BSICE 2A

SUBMITTED TO: ENGR. ARON J. LEONORAS
PROGRESS CHECK WEEK 6
PROGRESS CHECK WEEK 7
PROGRESS CHECK WEEK 8
I.
1. Torrecilli’s Theoerem
- Torricelli’s theorem states that ideally the velocity of a free jet is equal to the square root of the product of two
times the acceleration due to gravity times the head. The law explains the relation between fluid leaving a hole
and the liquid’s height in that container.
2. Siphon
- A siphon consists of a tube connecting two containers with liquids at different levels.
3. Free Jet
- A fluid the moves through a small opening in a large reservoir
4. Pressure of Gradient
- Reflects the change of potential energy from point to point along a conductor.
5. Piezometric Line
- A simple and quick way to define the pore-water pressures in a domain.
6. Venturi
- A system for speeding the flow of the fluid, by constricting it in a cone shape tube.
7. Venturi Principle
- The reduction in fluid pressure that results when a fluid flows through a constricted section (or choke) of a
pipe.
8. Venturi Meter
- Instruments for measuring flow rate that use a converging piece of pipe to produce an increase in flow velocity
and a corresponding pressure decrease.
9. Pitot Tube
- It is a streamlined tube, with its axis parallel to the direction of fluid flow, and with an opening in the tip on
which the fluid impinges. Its function is to measure the velocity of fluid flow.
10. Bernoulli’s Equation
- The Bernoulli equation is concerned with the conservation of kinetic, potential, and flow energies of a fluid
stream and their conversion to each other in regions of flow where net viscous forces are negligible and where
other restrictive conditions apply. The Bernoulli’s equation is an equation used to determine the head of fluid. It
is also an approximate relation between pressure, velocity, and elevation, and is valid in regions of steady,
incompressible flow where net frictional forces are negligible.

II.
1.a.)
For 1-1 section
D1=10 inches
Q=600 gallons per min= 600(231)= 138,600/60=2310 in3/sec
� 2310
V1=� = �(10)3 = 29.412 ��./���
4
For 2-2 section
� 2310
V2=� = �(10)3 = 117.65 ��./���
4
1 1 �
KE of 1-1=2 ��2 = 2 1000 29.412 × 0.0254 2
= 279.05 �3
1 2 1 2 �
KE of 2-2=2 �� = 2 1000 117.65 × 0.0254 = 4465 �3
b.)
�1 2 29.4122
Velocity Head for 1-1= 2�
= 2(386)
= 1.12 ���ℎ
�2 2 117.652
Velocity Head for 2-2= 2� = 2(386)
= 17.93 ���ℎ
2 2
�1 �1 �2 �2
c.) �
+
2�
+ �1 = �
+
2�
+ �2
Remember: � = ��
 �1 �1 2 �2 �22
+ + �1 = + + �2
�� 2� �� 2�
�2 − �1 �2 2 − �1 2
= = 17.93 − 1.12
� 2�
�2 − �1
= 16.81 0.0254
1000 9.81

P2-P1=0.4269(9810)
P2-P1 = 4188.61494Pa or 4.188kPa

2. Solution:
A1=10 in2= 6.45x10-3 m2
A2=4 in2= 2.58x10-3 m2
Q=150 gpm= 150(0.0000631m3/s)= 9.465x10-3

� 9.465x10−3
V1=� = 6.45�10−3
= 1.467 m/s
1
� 9.465x10−3
V2=� = 2.58�10−3
= 3.669 m/s
2
�1 �1 2 �2 �2 2
+ + �1 = + + �2
� 2� � 2�
�2 − �1 3.669 2 − 1.467 2
= 630 − 300 0.3048 +
1000(9.81) 2 9.81

�2 − �1
= 100.584 + 0.576
1000 9.81
P2-P1=101.16(9810)
=992379.6Pa or 992.38kPa
3. Solution:
��� = ����
��� = 35���

Q=AAVA=ABVB
π
Where: A = d2
4
π 2
AA = 2 = �
4
π π
AB = (1)2 =
4 π 4
�VA = 4VB
VB= 4VA
4. Solution:
�1 �1 2 �2 �2 2
+ + �1 = + + �2 + ��
�� 2� �� 2�
Where:
�1 2
=0
2�
�� = 0
�1 ��� �2 = 0
 �2 2
�1 = + �2
2�
Rearranging the equation:
�2 2 = 2�(�1 − �2 )
Where:
�1 − �2 = ℎ
�2 2 = 2�ℎ
�2 = 2�ℎ
�2 = 2 32.18 36
= 48.13��/���

�
5. Solution: �� = �� �2 = 4
1.6662 48.13
=1.05 ft3/s

6. Solution:
For the left to right opening:
�1 �1 2 �2 �2 2
+ + �1 = + + �2 + ��
�� 2� �� 2�
�1 2
=0
2�
�� = 0
�1 ��� �2 = 0
�2 = ����
�1 − �2 = 49'
1
49’= 2 �����
49(2)
���� = �
= 2(49)(38.6)
�2 ��� ���� = 26,748 ��/���

7.Solution:
D1=3inches=0.25feet
1
D2=1 2 ���ℎ=0.125feet
P1=50psi=7200lb/ft2
Q=150gpm=0.342 ft3/s
4� 4(0.342)
V1=�(�1)2=�(0.25)2 =6.97 ft/sec
4(0.342)
V2=�(0.125)2=27.87 ft/sec

�1 �1 2 �2 �22
+ + �1 = + + �2
�� 2� �� 2�
�1 �1 2 − �2 2 �2
+ =
�� 2� ��
7200 6.972 −27.872
P2=62.428 lb/ft3(62.428 + 2(32.2)
)
P2=6494.14lb/ft3
P2=45.09 psi

8.Given Data:
d1 = 3 in = 0.25ft
p1 = 100 psi = 14400lb/ft2
p2 = 75 psi = 10800lb/ft2
Q = 90 gpm = 0.2025 ft3 /sec
Sg = 0.89
Solution:
������� = 0.89 62.428
������� = 55.56 ��/��2
Q=A1V1=A2V2
� 4(0.2025)
Q=4 �1 �1 => �1 = �(0.25)2
�1 = 4.12 ��/���
�1 �1 2 �2 �22
+ + �1 = + + �2
�� 2� �� 2�
�2 2 �1 2 �1 − �2
= +
2� 2� ��
2 2
�2 4.12 14400 − 10800
= +
2(32.2) 2(32.2) 55.56
2
4.12 14400 − 10800
�2 2 = 2(32.2)( + )
2 32.2 55.56
�2 = 4189.76
�2 = 64.73 ��/���
� 4�
Q=4 �2 �2 =>�2 = ��2

4(0.2025)
�2 =
�(64.73)
�2 =0.0631 ft
�2 = 0.7573 in

9. Let:
P=Pressure of fluid
V=Velocity of fluid
�=Density of fluid
g=Gravity (acceleration)
Z=Height

(a) Energies,
� �2
+ + ��
� 2
(b) Pressures, and
��2
�+ + ���
2
(c) Heads.
� �2
+ +�
�� 2�
10. Given Data:
�1 = 2.5 �
�1 = 10 ��
�1 = 250��� = 250000 ��
�2 = 100 ��� = 100000 ��

P1 V1 2 P2 V2 2
+ + Z1 = + + Z2
ρg 2g ρg 2g
250000 100000 �2 2
+ 2.5 = + +0
(1000)(9.81) (1000)(9.81) 2(9.81)
�2 2 250000 − 100000
= + 2.5
2(9.81) (1000)(9.81)
250000−100000
�2 2 = 2(9.81)( + 2.5)
(1000)(9.81)
�2 = 349.05
�2 = 18.68 m/s