1

03 04 05
l;= jelsh l;D uKav,h ireidr f.j;a;

08 10 16
b;sydifhka frda. yd ud fkdjk uf.a
ì`ola m<sfndaOlfhda ueiafida

22 24 25
meKs msreKq wfma lgg rig ì`.=kag;a
Wreuhka fygla

27 31 35
;rejla iu`. Wl=iq wei f,da ì`.= ú;a;s
jrejla

36
weis Èis udkfhka
2
Tíng
ó ueiaid
ó ueiaid
l;= jelsh
ldnksl j.dj iy
lDIsl¾udka;h hkq j¾;udkfha
Okd;aul iy RKd;aul hk oaù
wdldrfhka u ,dxlSh ck yoj;a
jvd;a wukaodkkaohg m;a l<
u;Dldjhs. th lskï wruqKla
iys;j y;= msfmkakd fia furg
;=, m%p,s; jQjo óueis md,lhd
fj; th jvd;a .=Kodhl mqj;la
jkq fkdwkqudkhs. uqo,s÷ ieuqfj,a
ch;s,l ue;s;=ud úiska j¾I
^1881& § wä;d,u ;nk ,o ›
,dxlsl óueis md,kh kQ;kh jk
úg ;rd;sru, foaY.=Kh, m<d;a
iSud fkd;ld nd, uy¿ fndfyda
mqoa.,hkaf.a wjOdkhg md;% ù
we;s whqre oelsh yel. flfia
kuq;a j¾I ^1971& furg lDIsl¾u
fomd¾;fïka;=fõ óueis ixj¾Ok
tAllh msysgqjk ,o w;r jir
40la .;jk úg§;a óueis md,kh
ms,sn| l=yq,la we;s wdOqkslhska ksis
u.fmkaùula rys; nj ksidfjka
y;afmdf,a .d .ekSu wm ksr;=rej
olsuq.
kQ;k f.da,Sh fldfrdakd jix.;h
mDÓúfha ñksia ixy;sh fj,d
.;a fudfyd;l ish¿ ixprk
lghq;= iSud fjoa§ wfkl=;a
ish¨ wOHhk, jHdmdr, rdcldß
wd§ jQ fndfydauhla oE ud¾..;
l%uhkag fhduq ùu isÿ úh. tys
Rcq n,mEï o iu.ska miq.sh jir
lsysmh ;=, ,dxlsl m%ùK óueis
md,lhka úiska ksÍlaIKh l<
fiau wfkl=;a iajhx jHdmdr yd
idfmalaIj .;a l, óueis md,kh
iy tA wdY%s; oekqu yqjudrej iudc
udOHcd,d yryd jv jvd;a mq¿,a
f,i isÿfjñka mj;S. fuh ,dxlsl
óueis md,kfha fyg oji Wfoid
b;du;a fhda.H m%.uKhls. ukao
h;a rdcH fomd¾;fïka;= fukau
wfkl=;a wdh;k jir 40la mqrdjg
isÿ lsÍug h;ak ork l¾;jH
iafõÉPdfjka bÈßm;a jQ ,dxlsl
3
m%ùK md,lhka úiska fndfyda ÿrg
isÿfldg wjika ù ;sîuhs. tfiau
tu iudc udOH cd,d ;=, ´kEu
óueis md,kh flf¾. Wkkaÿjla
we;af;l=g lsisÿ .=reuqIaáhla
fkdue;sj ;u oekqu fnod §ug
fhduq jQ m%ùK óueis md,lhka
msßila isák njg idudðlhka ;=,
f.dvke.S we;s úYajdih o ,dxlsl
ó ueis md,kfha ;=ka l,a l<
t,shg fya;=idOl jkq we;.
fujka miqìula ;=, furg óueis
md,kh yd ine¢ jvd;a m%uqL
fmf,a iudc udOHcd,hla jk ó
ueiaid ^FaceBook& iuQyh úiska
wfkl=;a m%ùK md,lhka yd tlaj
—óueis md,kfha yerjqï ,laIh˜
f,i óueiaid iÕrdj ks¾udKh
lsÍu Wfoid mshjr .kakd ,§.
tu m%h;akfha m%Óm,hla f,i ›
,xldfõ m%:u jrg ó ueis md,kh,
ó ueiaid iy tA wdY%s; lreKq
iu.ska óueiaid iÕrdj Tn w;g
m;ajkq we;.
óueis md,k lafIa;%fha isák
fndfyda mqoa.,hska ksÍlaIKh l<
mßÈ miq.sh jir lsysmhla ;=,
m%ùK md,lhka úiska f.dvk. ,o
iqNjd§ iy ìÕ= ys;jd§ u;h iu.
furg óueis md,kh ;dreKHh
;=, jvd;a m%p,s; úh. flfia kuq;a
uE; ld,Skj tu iudc udOHcd,d
j, ,e.=ï .;a we;eï nvf.
daia;rjd§ mqoa.,hska úiska wdka;sl
uÜgfï le,E ó leãu, iajdNdúl
ckmo wfya;=l f,i bj;a lsÍu
iy kd kd úo ;dlaI‚l l%ufõo
ksis w;ayod ne,Sulska ;srj ck.;
lsÍu jeks wlghqlï isÿ lsÍuo
oelsh yel.
fuh fuf;la l,a ,dxlsl m%ùK ó
ueis md,l m%cdj úiska f.dvk.k
,o ìÕ= ys;jd§ óueis md,kfha
u<.u iksgqyka lsÍug h;ak
oeÍula foda úfgl iel ixld u;=
flfrKq we;. tfiau we;eï l+g
jHdmdßlhka úiska ,dxlsl m%cdj
;=, —fmÜá ó me‚ wuqu fndrejla,
le,E ó me‚ tAj whsfhda r;a;rx˜
hk uq,anei.;a mokï úrys;
fiau w{a{dk u;h hyñka fhdod
.ksñka flfrk jHdc iy le,E
óme‚ jHdmdrh uev,Su Wfoid
ìÕ= ys;jd§ óueis md,lhka ksis
mshjrla .ekSu flfrys fhduq
jk j.laj;a oel .; fkdyel.
fuh furg óueis md,lhkaf.a
wkd.;h flfrys t;rï iqNjd§
lreKla fkdjkafka fkdfnda
l,lskau iajdNdúl ckmo ysÕ
ùu yryd WÑf;dakak;sh iys;
wdr ìysùfï ysÕ;dj iy ó me‚
fj,|fmd< ;=, we;sjk mßyd‚h
hk wjOdku fya;=fjks
óueiaid iÕrdj yryd Wla; lrKq
ms,sn| h:djfndaOh fukau
wdOqksl, m%ùK iy m¾fhaIl mrmqr
Wfoid ,sms /ila bÈßm;a flfrKq
we;. tfiau ó ueis md,kh iy
tA wdY%s;j ,dxlsl úoaj;=ka úiska
isÿflfrk m%dfhda.sl ìÕ= md,kh
flf¾. jvd;a jeo.;a m¾fhaIKhka
ms,sn| lreKq ir,j mdGlhd
fj; f.k tAug o fï yryd
h;ak orkq we;. › ,dxlsl ìÕ=
md,lhd iy óueiaid ixrlaIKh
flfrñka ;sridr fukau jvd;a
ÈhqKq jHjidhl ó ueis md,khla
Wfoid ó ueiaid iudc udOH cd,h
iy Nature Bee ìÕ= iuQyh tlaj
flfrk m%h;akhla wo Tn w;g
fuf,i m;a jkq we;.
fuh óueis md,kh ms,sn| furg
m%:u jrg t,solskd iÕrdjla
muKlau fkdjkq fiau kqÿre Èkl§
,dxlsl óueis md<kfha m%.uKh
Wfoid fujka ks¾udK ìys ùu
Wfoid flfrk mqfrdal;kla u
jkq we;.
PdhdrEmh :- YISka fmf¾rd
 ó ueiaid

l;D uKav,h

ú.á.ta m%NdYajr
(m%Odk l;D)

k,ska rKjl
(l;D)

ßú`ÿ .=Kj¾Ok
(l;D)

p;+I Èidkdhl
(ixialdrl)

4
 ó ueiaid
ireidr f.j;a;
fi!Nd.Hu;a f.j;a;la i`oyd
ó ueis md,kh
f.j;= j.dj yd nef|k ;j;a
tla udkhla f,i ó ueis md,kh
y÷kajd Èh yelsh. fndfydaúg mrd.
kh Wfoid fyda ó ueis ksIamdok
Wfoid ó ueis md,kfha kshe,Su
fndfyda fokdf.a wruqKhs.
kuq;a fi!Nd.Hfhka msß
wx.iïmQ¾K f.j;a;l fnda.
mrd.kh jeä lsÍu Wfoid;a ;u
f.j;af;a iajNd,xldrh jeä
lr.ekSu i|yd;a, ;u udkisl
;Dma;sh Wfoid;a ó ueis
.Kdjdihla ;u f.j;af;a
msysgqjd .ekSug fndfyda fokd
W;aiql fj;s.
tA flfia fj;;a ó ueis md,kh, ó
ueiaika we;s lsÍug tyd .sh
NdrOQr yd lemùulska l, hq;=
l¾;jHhla nj lsj ukdh. .j
md,kh, l=l=¿ md,kh wd§
f.dúm< i;a;aj md,k l%u j,g
jvd yd;amiskau fjkia l%shd
mámdáhla ó ueis md,kfha§
oel.; yel. l+vq lsÍfï i;a;aj
md,k l%u yd ksoe,s l%u ;=<ska
f.dúm< i;=ka yeisr úh yels
jqj;a ó ueis md,kfha§ ó ueiaidg
wjeis f,i ó ueiaidf.a wjYH;d
uekúka jgydf.k md,lhd lghq;=
l, hq;=h. tA ksid u ó ueis md,kh
f,dj we;s wmyiqu i;a;aj md,k
l%u j,ska tlla f,i ye¢kaùu
jrola fkdfõ.
tneúka ó ueis md,kfha kshe,Sug
m%:uj tu lafIa;%h ms<sn|j m%ùk
we÷re;=ful=f.a .=reyrelï hgf;a
m%dfhda.sl l%shdldrlï j, ksr;
ùug wdOqkslfhl=g isÿ fõ. fuys§
m%dfhda.slj ó ueiaid yd
.Kqfokq lsÍu Wfoid ó
ueiaid flfrys we;s wksh; ìh
ke;s lr.; hq;=h. tfukau
wdOqkslfhl=g ir, yd kùk
l%fudamdhka Wmfhda.S lr.ksñka
hym;a ìÕ= md,lfhl=f.a wkqoekqu
hgf;a w;aoelSï ,nd .ksñka,
5
PdhdrEmh :- ú.á.ta m%NdYajr
iajw;aoelSïo Bg leá fldg .ekSu 2.rel=,la ;nd ó ueiaika
;=, id¾:l ó ueis md,lfhl= f.j;a;gu f.kajd .ekSu.
ùug wä;d,u ilia lr.; yels 3..uka óhla w,ajd .ekSu
fõ. ó ueis md,khg t<fUkakd
iqÿiq jgmsgdjla ilia lsÍu úis ka ;udg b;du myiq
l%uhla fuhska f;dard.; hq;=h.
tA w;r ó ueiaidg ys;lr th ;ukaf.a fm!oa.,sl wNsu;h
jgmsgdjla yd iqÿiq idOl mßÈ ;SrKh l, hq;= lghq;a;la
j,ska fyì mßirhla ieliSu ó fõ. ckmo ñ,§ .ekSfï§ tys ñ,
ueis md,khg t<öug m%uqLj l< .Kka ;SrKh lrkqfha
hq;a;ls. ukd ìÕ= f.dapr Ydl wf,úlrejd úisks. tys§
.ykhla yd ó ueiaidf.a m%Odk .Kdjdihl ;;a;ajh yd j.lSu
meks yd mrd. m%Nj ;ud ó ueis wkqj tys ñ, fjkia úh yelsh.
md,kh isÿ lsÍug n,dfmdfrd;a;= j¾;udkfha fj<|fmdf<ys ó
jk lafIaf;%ha mj;ajd .ekSug ueis ckmohla re6000 isg 12000
fuys§ md,lhdf.a wjOdkh w;r wf,ú fõ.flfia fj;;a
fhduq úh hq;=h. fufia f.j;a; ;=, j.lSula oeßh yels m%ùk ó ueis
f.dvk.d .kakd mßirfha f.dapr md,lfhl=f.ka idOdrK ñ,lg
Ydl j, iq,N;ajh fya;=fjka ìÕ= ckmohla ñ,§ .ekSu b;d iqÿiq
ckmo f.j;a; wjg ,eÕ=ï .ekSug fõ. ukao h;a ó ueis md,kh
jeä reÑl;ajhla olajhs. tA wkqj ms<sn| b;d fyd| oekqulska
ó ueiaidf.a fyd|u f;da;ekakla ikakoaOj fuu ld¾hh l< hq;=
f,i Tfí f.j;a; yd jgmsgdj ksidfjks. tfia fkdue;sj ;u
bfíu ielfihs. ys;= ukdmhg lghq;= lsÍfuka
ó ueis >kdjdihla f.j;af;a ckmoh m,d hdulg ,la jqjfyd;a
tys mdvqj yd wjdish ú|ord
msysgqjd .ekSu
.ekSug isÿ jkafka
mdßfNda.slhdg u neúks.
B<Õ wÈhr f,i ó ueis
01.ckmohla ñ,§ .ekSu
>kdjdihla f.j;af;a msysgqjd
.ekSu oelaúh yel. fuh isÿ l< .Kdjdihla ñ,§ .ekSfï§
yels l%u lSmhls i,ld ne,sh hq;= lreKq
1.ó ueis ckmohla ñ,§ .ekSu. fudkjdo@
 ó ueiaid
• .Kdjdifha jo .Kk yd
jo j, m%udKh.
•ffjri,È,Sr,nelaàßhd fyda
fjk;a wdidok rys; ksfrda.S
/ðKla iys; mDYaÀu;a ire
ueiaika iys; ckmohla ùu.
•wdruh ,laIK wkqj frda. j,g
m%;sfrdaë,meks ksIamdokh jeä,ìcq
oeófï iS>%;djh by<
/ðKla iys; .Kdjdihla ùu.
•ks¾foaYs; m%ñ;shlska hq;=
fmÜáh;a iuÕ ñ, fldmuKo,th
idOdrK o hk j. fidhd ne,Su.
•wdruh ,laIK wkqj jdisodhl o
hk nj.^kuq;a fyd|u wdrl jqj;a
kj /ðKka fjk;a ckmo j,
msßñ i;=ka iuÕ tlaùu ksid tys
wdfõ‚l ,laIK fjkia fõ. tu
ksid fuhhs fyd|u wdr f,i kï
l< fkdyelsh. wksla ldrKh kï
wd.ka;=l ckmohl msßñ ueiaika
iuÕ mÜá jegqKq /ðKla kï th
ckmofha bÈß meje;aug b;du
jdis iy.; fõ&
•/ðKf.a jhi yd mÜá jegqKq
kdUr /ð‚hla o hkak jeo.;a
fõ. jhi udi 5;a 12;a w;r
jehie;s ksjerÈj ksis l,g mÜá
jegqKq /ðkla iu. ñ,§ .kakjd
kï jvd iqÿiqh.
•/ðK ìysjQ j¾Ihg wod< j¾K.
kajd we;so hkak n,d wef.a
;;a;ajh ;SrKhg y÷kd .ekSug
myiqh. tfukau j¾Kh wkqj
wef.a jhi ms<sn|j o< woyila
,nd .; yelsh.
•jevldr ueiaikaf.a l%shdYS,S;ajh
fyd| o hkak.
•ñ,§ .;a wjia:dfõ ckmofha
msßñ ueiaika isàhd o hkak.
•jo j, mßK;Ndjh ^l¿ meye;s
b;du mer‚ /ðKg ìcq oeóug
fkdyels jo we;a kï tfia we;s jo
bj;a lsÍu fyda tjeks ckmo ñ,§
.ekSu iqÿiq ke;&
•ñ,§ .kakd ckmofha wdydr
.nvdj ms<sn| ie<ls,su;a ùu.^m<uq
meks wÕ,,mrd. odrh fyd¢ka we;s
ie<lsh hq;= wdydr m%udKhla .nvd
lr we;s wfyakshg yiq fkdjQ
ckmohla f;dard .ekSu&
•ueiaikaf.a .ykh fyd| uÜgul
;sfío hkak yd ^Brood pattern&
6
^tAldldÍj me;sreKq ms<d fldaI
iys; ùu&
•ñ,§ .kakd ckmofha uõ ckmoh
flfiao hkak fidhd ne,Su;a
jeo.;a h.
•iuia:hla f,i úl=Kqï ñ,g
idOdrK o hkak fidhd ne,Su b;d
iqÿiqh.
02.rel=,la ;nd ó ueiaika
f.j;a;g f.kajd .ekSu
ó ueiaika f.j;af;a msysgqjd
.ekSfï ;j;a l%fudamdhla f,i
rel=,a ;eîu i|yka l< yel.fuh
l,djls. ó ueis md,kfha rel=,a
l,dj f,i fuh y÷kajd Èh yel.
fuu l%ufha § ó ueiaika uqo,g
.ekSulska f;drj fkdñ,fha ó
ueis ckmohla ia:dms; lr .; yels
fõ. ienúkau fuh l,djla jk
ksid rel=,la ksjerÈ wdldrfhka
f.j;af;ys /|ùug Wf.kSu uÕska
id¾:l m%;s,dN /ila w;afldg .;
yelsh.
ó ueiaid fndfydaúg m%sh lrkafka
^85]& fyda ^90]& w÷r iys; isis,a
úh<s ia:dkhlgh. tfia wm úiska
imhk tu mßir idOl j,ska
iukaú; wdrlaIdldÍ kjd;ek
rel=, f,i y÷kajhs. fï i|yd
fndfydaúg ueá l<,uqÜá,ls;=,a
fldg,,S fmÜá wd§ wdrlaIdldÍ
´ku udOHhla fhdod .; yel. tA
wkqj imhd .;a rel=, ia:dmkh
lsÍfï ksjerÈ l%u ms<sfj;la we;.
•ks;r mqIam yg .kakd ó
(PdhdrEmh :- ú.á.ta m%NdYajr)
ueiaika tu mqIam j, meks,mrd.
/f.k hdug meñfKk .il
rel=,la r|jkak.^tys§ ó ueiaid
frdka fidhd u,a w;r .uka lrk
w;r;=r rel=, ms<sn|j o<
woyila yd ÈYdk;shla isysfha ;nd
.ks. miqj rxpq fn§ hEul§ fyda
yer oud hEul§ we;eï úg wm
;nk rel=,g we§ tAfï jeä
m%jK;djla we;&
• ;nk ,o rel=, w;ska
.ekSug myiq Wilska ;eîu
uÕska miqld,Skj th fmÜá.;
lsÍu myiq jkq we;.
• iq<Õ yuk ÈYdjg
m%;súreoaO ÈYdfjka yd ;o wõ
rYañh fkdjefgk f,i isis,a ;=re
jÿ,l rel=, r|jkak.
• ó ueiaidf.a úf,damslhska
jk Èñhka,weU,hska,lgqiaika,
yQkka,l=re,a,ka wd§ i;=ka
wjufhka .ejfik .il /|ùug;a
wjOdkh fhduq l, hq;=h.
• tfukau rd;%S úÿ,s
wdf,dalh rel=, ;=<g fkdjefgk
mßÈ /|ùh hq;=h.
• r|jk rel=, fndfydaúg
l<hla kï tys lg ;rula my;g
isák fia /|ùu uÕska úfYaI jdis
/ila ,nd .; yelsh.
• fkdÈrE w;a;l fyda
lrejl rel=, /|ùu l< hq;=h.
• fhdod .kakd .fiys w;a;g
fyda lrejg ;nd jh¾ len,s
wdOdrfhka rel=, wdrlaIdldÍj
fkdfi,afjk mßÈ /|ùug j.
r)
 ó ueiaid
n,d.kak.
• wêl j¾Idj iys;
m%foaYhla kï rel=, bá frÈ fyda
fjkhï wdjrK j,ska fiú,s l,
hq;=h.
• rel=,g iam¾Y jk w;=
yd ßls,s ;sfí kï tAjd bj;a l<
hq;=h.
•wjidkfha by; lS mßÈ rel=,
ia:dms; l< miq ó ueiaid
wdl¾IKh lr .; yels jvd;au
úYajdiodhS weula f,i ó bá
rel=f,ys msúiqu yd we;=<;
wdf,am lsÍu ;=<ska blauka m%;sM,
w;a fldg .; yelsh.
rel=,a ;eîu uÕska ó ueiaid thg
meñŒug .; jk ld,h lsisfia;a
ksYaÑ;ju lsj fkdyelsh.
jdiia:dkhla fidhd hk .uka
ueis ckmohla th ÿgq ú.i wjeis
mßir idOl wm úiska we;s l,
ksid meñfKhs. ;udf.a wruqK ó
ueis ckmo lSmhla kï Bg jvd
jeä rel=,a ixLHdjla ;eîu l<
7
hq;=h. n|jd .ekSugo wä;d,ula imhhs.
•ckmoh ia:djr jk f;la iSks
03..uka óhla w,ajd .ekSu me‚ wdydr jYfhka ,nd §u.
.uka óhla hkq, >kdjdihla
•ckmofha .dâ máh
w;yer fyda lÜá fn§ hk /ðk
wjia:dfkdaÑ;j fhdod .ekSu.
iys; ó ueiaika iuQyhls. fujeks
fuu l%shd mámdàka yryd ;u
.uka ó fndfyda úg by, wyfia
f.j;af;a ó ueis .Kdjdihla
.=ï y~ k.ñka mshUd hkq Tn
msysgqjd .ekSu ;=,ska fnda.
fndfyda úg oel we;. fujeks .uka
wiajekak jeä lr .ekSug yels
óhla f,day lene,a,lg ;Ügq lsÍu
jk w;ru ó ueis ksIamdok wf,ú
jeks l%ufõohla
lsÍu ;=,ska wu;r wdodhula
Tiafia kj;d .; yel. fufia
W;amdokh
kj;d .kakd .uka óh fmÜáhlg
lr.ekSug;a úfkdaodxYhla f,i
oud ia:djr lr.ekSug lghq;=
udkisl ;Dma;sh jeäÈhqKq
lsÍu fuu l%ufha§ isÿ fjhs. tys§
lr.ekSuo ó ueis md,lhdg
md,lhd ie,ls,su;a jh hq;= lreKq
yelsjkq fkdwkqudkh.
lsysmhla fjhs.
•.uka óh wju
úÿjr...........
ckQ úÿjr...........
l,n,hla we;sjk mßÈ fmÜáhg
we;=,a lr.ekSu.
•fjk;a ckmohlska ms,d,lSg
wjia:d iys; ksfrda.S johla
y÷kajd §u u.ska ckmoh r|jd
;nd .ekSu jvd;a myiq jk w;r
jo rduq j, ksjerÈ wdldrfhka
(PdhdrEmh :- relaIdka wkqYal)
 ó ueiaid
b;sydifhka ì`ola
ìÕ= iïm; ms<sn|j ft;sydisl
iy
idys;Huh úu¾IKhla
f,dalfha iïm;a w;r mj;sk
jvd;a jákdu iïm;la f,i ìÕ=
iïm; y÷kajd Èh yel. Tjqkaf.a
b;sydih ms<sn|j wOHhkh
lr n,k l, th wE; w;S;hg
Èj hkakls. w;S; mqrdK N+ hq.
wOHhkh l, N+ úoHd{hka ó
ueiaikaf.a fmdis, fidhdf.k ld,
ks¾Kh lsÍïj, m%;sM,hla f,i
fufidafidhsl hq.fha l%sfÜishia
kï wjêfha§ ó ueiaidf.a Wm;
isÿù we;s nj wkdjrKh lrf.k
we;’ tlS ld,fha mDÓúfha mej;s
fi!uH foaY.=Kh fya;=fldgf.k
iu,khska, ìÕ=ka wd§ka l%ufhka
mßKduh jkakg úh. ^ruqkaf.
dv ^2014-201^5& ó ueiaika yd ó
me‚ ms<sn| b;sydifha mqrdK
YsIagdpdr hq.fha Bðma;=fõ khs,a
.xÕd føda‚fha rcjrekaf.a
ksïkfha wjqreÿ ^9& l jhiska rcjQ
<ud rcqf.a Yj.dr iqidkfha l%s.mQ
hq.hg wh;a jk tkï l%s.mQ ^1300&
§ muK n,hg m;a jQ gQgkalduka
rcqf.a iqidkfhka fydjdâ ldg¾
iy ldKjka iajdñ kï mqrdúoaj;a
fom< ó me‚ Ndckhla l%s.j
^^19&^22&& § fidhdf.k we;
^mS ß ia t ï.ã.wd¾.fmdka k fmreu
^2002(131,& ó ueis f,dalh ^2009&.
tlS ó me‚ b;du;a m%kS;
;;a;ajfhka jir 3300la muK
ld,hla mej;sfha tl, ñksid yd
mßirh w;r mej;s ukd ine¢hdfõ
m%;sM,hla u;hs. ó ueiaid yd
ñksid w;r w;Hka; ne£ula mQ¾j
mdIdK hq.fha isg mej; we;s
nj i|yka l< hq;=h. ó ueiaika
ms<sn|j fn!oaO b;sydi l;dj, o
f;dr;=re i|yka fõ. mdßff,h
jkfha isá j÷frl= nqÿ ysñhkag
o~q nE óhla mQcdfldg j÷rd ñhf.
dia foõf,dj Wmka l;djla fn!oaO
idys;H l;dj, i|yka ù we;
;jo ó ms<sn|j mqrdK;u l;djla
8
uqyqÿ fjrf<a Trejl ne|
;snqKq óhla we;s nj m%ldY
lrù¨. tu ia:dkh j¾;udk
ó.uqj jQ njg ckm%jdoj,ska o
;yjqre ù we;
uydjxYfhkau ;j;a lsysm
wjia:djlu ó ueiaika yd ó
me‚ m%cdjka .ek f;dr;=re
yuqfõ. ;miaiq, N,a¨l fj<|
fonEhka úiska ú<| yd ó
mQcd lf,a hehs jxY l;dj,
i|yka fõ. cd;lÜG l;dfõ
yd ioaO¾u r;akdj,sfhys —
mia me‚;l— tjkakd fia
jeks joka olakg ,efí. mia
me‚ f,i w;S; .%ka:j,
i|yka jQfha ó me‚, nur
me‚, o~qje,a,E me‚, lffk
ó me‚, ls;=,a me‚h. fïjd
b;du;au wuD;h n÷ wIaGmdk
j,ska fldgila f,io tlS
.%ka: j,o i|yka lr we;.
m%;Hh Y;lh kï ixialD;
ldjH .%ka:fhys fufia i|yka
fõ.
mqrdK Bðma;= jdiska ó ueis md,kh
wdÈjdiSkaf.a ó ovhu
isÿ l, njg yuqjk merKs ì;=is;=jï¡
yd me‚ flàfï pdß;% jdß;%
uydjxYfhys 5 jk mßÉfþofha ^50- .ek ^R.D.Layanal Spittle&
60& .d:dj, yd › iqux., ysñhka uy;d b;du;a ,.kakd
yd ngqjka;=vdfõ foajrlaIs; iq¿ f,i ^Vanished trails& kï
mßj¾;s; uyd jxYlD;sfha fufia lD;sfha i|yka lr we;’ jeoaodf.a
i|yka fõ. mQ¾jfha wfYdal rcq meje;afï m%Odk wdydrh ó me‚h.
yd ksf.%daO idufkarhkaf.a w;S; fï whs;sfhka Tyq YsIag iudcfha
l;dj ú.%y lrjd uyd jxYfha — ñksfil=g jvd jdikdjka;h.
mQ¾jfhys jkdys ó fj<| ;=ka nE jk.ykfha jhsjdrK le,E je,aj,
flfkl=ka jQy. tla fjf<kafola msmqKq iqj| u,aj, fjkia fjkia
ó úl=Khs. fofofkla ó f.k ri tlafldg ;ekQ ó me‚j, jeks
t;s.......” wd§ f,i tys i|yka fõ. ñysß rihla wfkla fldhs fohlska
^ u(j( mß ^5(50-60& .d:d&. B,Õg ,eìh yels fjhso@ ^iamsg,a ^1963& 6
uydjxYfha ó ueiaika ms<sn|j mß ^59& msg n,kak&. ish¨ l,ays u
jákd l:d mqj;la f.k ths. jkfha ó me‚ ;sfí. ó ueis l=,fha
ÿgq.euqKq l=udfrda;am;a;s l;dfõ ro,hka jk nUreka yd ó ueiaika
i|yka jk mßÈ úydruyd foaúhg
f.dfkl= muK úYd, óhla winv
isg fodf,dia oyila NslaIQkag
ó me‚ j<|jd b;sß jQ ó me‚
lkakg wdid we;súh. —f.dfkl=
n÷ óhla woaor ;ndf.k f;dfuda
ol=Ke,fhka hym;a ihkhl
fyd;a;S fodf,dia oyila NslaIQkag
oka § fYaI jQ ó j<|kq leu;sfhk—
^u(j( 22 mß( ^42-50& .d:d jeäÿrg;a
n,kak&. tfia tla ñksfila rcqg
 ó ueiaid
m%Odk jYfhka cqks, cQ,s, wf.daia;=
hk udij, ó jo me‚ j,ska
mqrjk kuq;a ksjg lfKhs ueiaid
yeuodu Wf.a ófha me‚ mqrjd
;nhs^tu msg&. tfy;a iamsg,af.a
igyfka tla i|ykla úfõpkh
lsÍug fnfyúkau isÿ fõ. lfKhs
ueiaish ksjg hhs lSu, ó ueiaika,
nUrekag;a jvd j.d lghq;= j,§
uyÕ= fufyhla lrhs. lfKhs
ueiaiS úYd, jYfhka meKs /ia
fkdlrhs. wef.a l%shdj,sh ksy~
jqjo isÿ lrk fufyh wm%udK fõ.
weh lsisúfgl;a ksjg fkdfõ. wo
ksy~ pß;hls. jir .Kkdjla
tla ;ekl jiñka wdydr .nvd
ys;=uf;a úkdY fkdlr ;u wjg
mßirh f.ä j,ska mqrjd,kak
iu;a i;a;ajfhla f,i w.h l<
hq;= h.
jeoaoka nUr joh úfYaI kulska
y÷kajhs. —hlsks n,sh— nureka jo
n¢kqfha j÷rkag;a ,x fkdúh yels
uyd .,a fmd;=j, tl ,Õ tl
msysgk f,isks. tfy;a olaI jeoaod
je,a b‚ u.ska meoa§ f.dia ÿï .id
nUr joh lmd .kshs. iamsg,a i|yka
lrk mßÈ jeoaoka th lsÍug hï
ìhla olajhs. thg fya;=j jkafka
wrla.;a le,E hl=ka fldam fõh
hk ìhhs. .,aj,g wrla.;a nysrj
hlaIhska fldam ù nUr lmkakka
urd ouk njg ckm%jdo, jeoaoka
w;r wo o mj;S’
—jeÈ pdß;% w;r Tjqkaf.a .dhkd o
nUr lemSfï § olakg ,efí.
whsfíjd, whsfíjd fld nd
fohshfka
by; wels ueÉp keõks
fiakdj w¨; u, Wmka keõks
fiakdj fï rkañ‚ flkaog Èjeia
fy,d ueys fl,a,kaf.a ueys Wr,a
Tmamq wrf.k
oef,ka oe,g ldgq bm,a .id hkakS
w~q;a m~q;a fldfodhs lshd,d big
lrg msáka ÿfjda hkakS hdkavfuda
hdkakS hdkavfuda hdkakS —
hhs b;d ñysß f,i .dhkd lr;s ^
iamsg,a 1963( ^62& msg n,kak&.
oUdk jeoaokaf.a fukau jhU
flakaø lr.;a jE.ï m;a;=fõ jkaks
y;am;a;=fõ mQ¾j jkakSka w;r
mej;s ó leãfï pdß;% ms<sn|j
9
u|la i|yka l< hq;=h. jkaksjre ó
leãug hdug fmr Tjqka wdrlaId
lrk f,i foúhkaf.ka b,a,;s.
fï foújre jkaksfha nKavdr,
mia foõ yd y;a rcqh, jkaksfha
nKavdr hkq jeoaokaf.a jk.; hld
fyj;a uyjeÈ hldh, mia foúfhda
kï b,kaodß foú, whshkdhl,
l¿ foaj;d Wkakdkafia, lvjr
iy ux., foúhd h. jkaksjre ó
me‚ tl;= lsÍug hdug fmr .fï
jefõ kd;s. wk;=rej f;dard.;a
úYd, .ila hg fyda jeõ neïu
wi, my; oelafjk j;a ms<sfj;a
mqr;s. .eyekqkag óg iyNd.S ùug
fyda n,kav meñ‚ug fkdyelsh
^Èidkdhl ^1997& 33 34& ù ld¾;=
3-4la fldgdf.k fmd,a f.ä 1hs”
nq,;a fld< ^07,& ly lE,s ^01,&
ÿïu, álla, lmqre álla ;nhs.
wk;=rej lmqre o,ajd ÿïu, .id
myka ;sr ;=kla o,ajd rcóh
leãug hd;sld lrhs.
;uqkakdkafia jkaksfha
nKavdr wvqlal= ux.,H Tmamqj
wr.kav ´kEh. jkaksfha nKavdr
wmsg rcuy .nvdj yemafmkak
´kEh, wx yemafmkak ´kEh.
w,sfhla j,fyd;a yemafmkav
tmdh. rlaIdj yemafmkav ´kEh.
rc óh leãug fmr flfi,a f.ä
100hs, foys 100, mqjla 100, nq,;a 100,
ù ld¾;= 7la fmd,a f.ä 07la rc
óh m<uqfjka u olsk jkakshd fï
m%cdj Tmamq l< hq;= úh ^Èidkdhl
1997 tu&. jkaksfha nKavdr foaj;d
mia fokd y;a rÊcqrefjdaf.au
msysghs. rc óh jvq,kav wdjd wms—
wksla iuQyh Bg ms<s;=re foñka
ó meKs ovhfï hk wdÈjdiska
— lmqrd, .nvdj jvq,dmka— hehs
lsh;s. bkamiq Tyq th lmhs. by;
ú.%y l< mßÈ wE; w;S;fha isg
19 jk ishji olajd ìÕ=ka iu.
w;Hka; ne£ula ñksid ;ndf.k
we;
wdY%s; .%ka: kdudj,sh
1&uydjxYh ^isxy,& ^^2002&&
wkqjdoh yslalvqfõ iqux., kd
ysñ, ngqjka;=vdfõ foaj rlaIs;
mç;=ud, r;akfmd;a m%ldYlfhda.
2&isxy, uydjxYh^ m%:u Nd.h&
^1996& wkqjdoh › iqux., kd ysñ,
ngqjka;=vdfõ foajrlaIs; mç;=uka,
tia f.dvf.a iy ifydaorfhda
3& pittle R.L. - 1963 Vanished
trails
4&iamsg,a wd¾.t,a ^2017& uelS .sh
ovux, wkqjdoh .=Kr;ak( tA.mS.
iQßh m%ldYlfhda.
5&O¾u m%§msldj iq¿ l,sÕ= mqj;
^295& 302 isg&
6&Èidkdhl tï.^1997& ft;sydisl
jkaksfha ixialD;sh, weia f.dvf.a
ifydaorfhda.
7&m%;H Y;lh ^Ndj ikak iys;&
^2016& iuhj¾Ok fmd;ay,”
urodk.
igyk
D.M.Senarath Bandara
Dissanayaka
10
 ó ueiaid
frda. yd m<sfndaOlfhda
y;=re ñ;=re bá i,Ufhda
l=vd bá i,Uhd Achroia
grisella iy uyd bá i,Uhd
Galleria mellonella hk WNh
bá i,U m%cdjkaf.a lSg ms,d
wjê tlu mßY%hl ^tlu ó ueis
fmÜáhla& ;=, ckkh fõo@
fkdfõo@ hk m¾fhaIK .eg¿j
ms<sn|j fuu ,smsh ;=,ska idLÉPd
flfrkq we;. ySx bá i,Uhd;a
uyd bá i,Uhd;a hk fom,gu
tlu lafIa;%hl Ôj;a úh yels
njg idudkH jYfhka ks.ukh
lrkq ,enQjo m¾fhaIKhla u.ska
tys i;H wi;H nj ks.ukh l<
yelsh.
m%uqL mo (- ySx bái,nhd, uyd
bái,nhd, ó ueiaid, mdßißl
n,mEï, wfyaks ld,h, ìÕ=ka
idr ixfldaIh ^idrdxYh& (- ›
,xldfõ ó ueiaid fyj;a Apis
cerana indica furg úúO m%foaY
yd foaY.=‚l ;;ajhka hgf;a
me‚ ,nd .ekSu, bá ,nd .ekSu,
rdc c,a,s, ó ueis ckmo ,nd.ekSu
i|yd fukau úfkdaodxYhla f,io
we;s lrkq ,nhs. tlS ó ueiaid ›
,dxlsl cd;shg uy;a fiajhla bgq
lrk nj fkdryils. furg ó ueis
m%cdj l=uk foaY.=‚l ;;a;ajhla
mej;=ko ld, mßÉfþo ;=kla miq
lrhs’ j¾Ol ld,h, me‚ jdrh yd
wfyaks ld,h f,ig th úoHd{hska
yd md,ljre fnod olajd we;.
fulS Ôjk pl% miq lsÍfï § ó
ueiaidg wfyaks ld,h t<öu;a
iu. wdydr ysÕùu, wjg mßirfha
me‚ mrd. ysÕùu ;=, fnfyúka
Ñ;a; wm%idohla we;sj l%ufhka
ysia jo w;yer ouhs. fuúg bá
i,nhd rd;%S ld,fha ckmohg
we;=,aj ì;a;r ouhs. tfia ouk ìcq
j,ska yg .kakd bá i,n lSghska
fyj;a bá mkqjka ckmofha jo
olajd .uka lr jo wdydrhg
11
.ksñka hefmhs. tfia jo úkdY
lr ouk bá i,n j¾. folla
› ,xldfõ olakg ,efí. tlS bá
i,n j¾. oaú;ajfha l%shdldÍ;ajh,
isÿj we;s l%shdj,sh yd Tjqka tlu
ó ueis ckmofha tlu ld,hla ;=,
úúO f,i Ôj;a jk wdldrh fuu
m¾fhaIKh u.ska m¾fhaIKhg
Ndckh lr we;.
mQ¾j m¾fhaIK (-
mQ¾j m¾fhaIlhska lsysm fofkl=
m%ldY lr we;s yd m, l, .%ka:
lsysmhla fYdaOkhla iys;j
m¾fhaIKhg fhdodf.k we;.
lDIsl¾u fomd¾;fïka;=fõ ó
ueis md,kh w;afmd; yd tys
l¾;D úu,O¾u tia. mS.tï i|yka
lrkqfha bá i,nhska j¾. folla
,xldfõ Ôj;a jk nj;a tu j¾.
fol uyd bá i,nhd yd l=vd bá
i,nhd jYfhka j¾. lr olajd
we;. Tjqkaf.ka isÿjk ydks mQ¾Kh
lr bÈßm;a lsÍug l¾;D iu;a
jqj;a tu i,n j¾. fol tlu
lafIa;%hl Ôj;a jk nj i|yka
lr ke;’ tlS wvqmdvqj tys olakg
we;;a iuia:hla f,i .%ka:fha
wruqK l¾;D idlaId;a lrf.k
we;’^úu,O¾u 2017(49) ó ueis
bá mKqjdf.a ydkshg ,la jQ ms,d johla
md,l w;afmd; f,iska i|yka jk
lDIsl¾u fomd¾;fïka;=j úiska
rÑ; w;m;a;= tA.tï.ã’ kï .%ka:
l¾;Djrhdf.a jokska ieriqKq
fulS .%ka:h o ó ueis md,kfha
kshef,kakka yg ufydamldÍ
lD;shla jqjo tuÕska o bái,n
j¾.hka ms<sn|j i|yka lr we;;a
l¾;D úiska bái,n j¾. fol
tlu wdldrfhka tlu uQ,dY%hl
Ôj;a úh yels njg u;hla lsisfia;a
ord fkdue;. th l¾;Djrhdf.a
wNsu;h o fkdfõ ^w;m;a;= 2017(59
tfy;a w;m;a;=f.a lD;sfhka jvd;a
jeo.;a f;dr;=re /ila .uH fõ.
tu.ska bámKqjka j¾. foflys
p¾hd rgdj yd yeisÍu ms<sn|j
jeo.;a f;dr;=re /ila wkdjrKh
lr.; yel. ó ueis f,dalh kñka
2009 jif¾ isg jirla mqrd udislj
m<jqK lrxf.dv r;akmqr ó ueis
md,k jHdmD;sh uÕska m,lrkakg
fhÿk —ó ueis f,dalh— kï udisl
,sms ud,dj ;=, bái,n ydksh
j<lajd .;hq;= wdldrh i|yka
lr we;;a, fulS ,smsh rpkd lrk
l¾;Djrhdf.a uqLH mrud¾:h iM,
lsÍug woyila tuÕska lsisúfgl;a
i|yka fkdfõ ^ó ueis f,dalh
^2009& tfy;a fï ms<sn|j b;du;a
 ó ueiaid
jákd ;d¾lsl woyila i|yd l¾;D
fhduq lrjkq ,enQfha m%ùk ó ueis
m¾fhaIl, m%ùk mßirfõ§, i;aj
yd Ydl úoHd úYdro, lÒldpd¾h,
bxðfkare úoHdfõ§ m%ikak
úodkdrÉÑ uy;aud úiska i|yka
lrk ,o ;d¾lsl m%;HlaIhkah.
fulS l¾;Df.a woyi Èß.kajk
iq¨ woyila mQ¾j m¾fhaIl bÈßm;a
lr we;.
› ,xldfõ ó ueiaika f,i ye¢kaúh
yels ìÕ=ka m%Odk jYhka fldgia
04ls. Bg wu;r f,i lKavdhï”
fom, ^hq. ìÕ=ka&, ;ks ìÕ=ka
jYfhka ye¢kaúh yels ìÕ= ldKav
o, i¾j NlaIl ìÕ= úfYaI o olakg
,efí. ó ueiaid (Apis cerana
indica) nUr ìÕ=jd (Apis dorsata&,
o~qje,a ìÕ=jd (Apis florea) lfkhs
ìÕ=jd (Trigona iridipennis& f,iska
fulS m%Odk ìÕ=ka j¾. 4 y÷kd.;
yel. Tjqk;=frka ;ud wjg isák
whg myr §ug iu;a Apis l=,hg
wh;a ìÕ=ka j¾. 3ls.
tfy;a lfkhs ìÕ=ka imd lEu
ñfil oIaGkh i|yd ú;la
fkdue;. by; ;=kajeks ldKavfha
i¾j NlaIl ìÕ=ka f,i fonrd
yd ul=¿ nUreka f,i úoHd{hska
i|yka lrk ìÕ=ka o olakg ,efí.
fï ish¿u fokdf.ka m¾fhaIlhska
wkdjrKh lrk mßÈ mßirhg
buy;a fiajhla isÿfõ.
by;ska i|yka lrk ,o Apis
l=,h ksfhdackh lrk ìÕ= ldKav
;=ku lKavdhï ìÕ=ka f,i úúO
yeisÍï rgd iys;j úúO jdiia:dk
.;j Ôj;a fõ. nUr ueiaid (Apis
dorsarta) .il w;a;l fyda .,a
fmd;a;l fyda f.dvke.s,a,la
jeks újD; ia:dkj, ish leoe,a,
;kd.kS. úYd, me‚ m%udKhla
,nd.; yelsfjhs. fudjqkaf.a me‚
j, c,h wêl m%udKhla ;eïm;aj
we;s fyhska l,a;nd .; fkdyel.
wdydrhg .ekSfuka lrleú,a,la,
u;a .;shla oefka.^úu,O¾u ^2017(2&
i|yka lrk mßÈ ó ueiaidg jvd
l=vd jQ ;j;a ìÕ=fjla wmg yuqfõ.
fyf;fï l=vd w;= lene,a,l fyda
wdjrK rys; .,a fmd;a;l fyda
ksfjil cfka,hl jqjo ;ks johla
n¢k o~qje,a ìÕ=jd (Apis florea)
12
kï fjhs. fudjqka ks;ru leoe,a,
w;yer nUrd fukau iuQyirKh
ùug reÑl;ajhla olaj;s.
^úu,O¾u 2017(3& lfkhs ìÕ=ka
^Trigona iridipennis& kï ìÕ=jd
ú; fkdorhs. tla ;ekl ld,hla
^wjqreÿ 20la& jqjo Èú f.jhs. me‚
,nd.; yel. ^úu,O¾u 2017(3&
l¾;Df.a m¾fhaIKhg Ndckh
lrkq ,enQ ksheÈh jQfha Apis
cerana indica fyj;a Asian honey
bee f,i úreodj,s ,enQ .DydY%s;j
md,kh lrkq ,nk ìÕ= .Khg
ks;r je,f|k m,sfndaO ydkshlA
jk bá i<U ydkshhs.
by; ìÕ= ldKav ;=k jk Apis
dorsata, Apis florea, Trigona
iridipennis kï ìÕ= ldKav ;=kg
fnfyúkau n, fkdmdk tfy;a
Apis cerana indica kï wdishd;sl
ó ueiaid yg n,mdk bái,n ydksh
kï m,sfndaO ydksh, › ,xldfõ
ó ueis md,lhskag ks;r n,mdk
ydkshls. fnfyúka w÷re wdjrKh
l<, .ia fnk, yqUia fnk wdÈh
;u ,e.=ï y, lr.;a;d jQ Apis
cerana indica m%fNaoh .DydY%s;j
md,kh lsÍug fnfyúkau fm<ö
we;.
fulS l%shdj,sfha § md,ljrhd
m%n, .eg¿jlg uqyqK fokqfha
bái,n ydksh ksid ckmo úkdY
ù hduhs. fulS l%shdj,shg j.lsj
hq;= bái,nhska j¾. folla ›
,xldfjka yuqfõ’ úYd, bái,nhd
(Galleria mellonella) iy l=vd
bái,nhd (Achroia grisella)f,i
y÷kajhs. ^úu,O¾u ^2017(49& fulS
bái,n foj¾.hu ksYdpr lDñ
i,n úfYaI folls. ^úu,O¾u
^2017(49& w;m;a;= ^2017(60&. fulS
i,nhka rd;%S ld,fha § ÿ¾j, ù
we;s ckmo j,g we;=,a ù wäfha
,E,af,ys ì;a;r ouhs. wdydr
wfyaksh ksid Ñ;a; fO¾hh yer
ouk ó ueis ckmofha jevldr
ueiaishka úiska ckmoh ;=,
olajk ukao.dó yeisrSu ksid fulS
bái,nhd ckmo wdl%uKh lrhs.
fulS bái,n úfYaI folu tl
f,i ckmohg ydks le|jhs. bá
mKqjka ish wdrlaIdj i|yd jo
l=yr u;=msg ߧ meye;s ul=¿ oe,la
bá i<nhdf.a ì;a;r wkaùlaI
PdhdrEmh¡
idok w;r fuu oe,a u.ska hdno
jo folla tlsfklg we,ùuo
lrhs. fuh bámKqjd wdl%uKh lr
we;s njg fyd|u idlaIshls. ó ueis
fmÜáfha m;=f,a ,E,a, u; tlajk
wmøjH fya;=fldg f.k bái,n
foj¾.hu ì;a;r oeóu wrUhs.
ì;a;r j,ska t<shg meñfKk
bái,n lSgfhda jo w;ßka ßx.d
f.dia bá yd fldaI ;=, we;s rdc
c,a,s wdydrh lr .ks;s. ^úu,O¾u
2017(49&. fï fya;=fjka ó ueis
lSghska ñh hk w;r jo j, bá
wdydr lr .ekSu ksid jo o úkdY
ù hhs. bá mKq .ykh jeã ùf.k
hk úg ckmofha ueiaika m,dhdu
wrUhs.
m¾fhaIKh (-
l¾;Df.a ó ueis f.dúmf,ys ;nd
;snQ ó ueis fmÜáhl ÿ¾j, jQ jo
len,s lsysmhla fmÜáhl ;nd
hdno fjk;a ksjil wegjqula
f,i f.aÜgq ;yvqj bj;a lr
bái,nhska yg hdug yels jk
mßÈ fmÜáfha lg m<,a lf,ñ
Èk 4la we;=<; ksheÈh wOHhkh
lsÍu isÿ úh. tys§ m<uq Èkfha
lsisoq fjkila olakg fkd,enqK
w;r fojk Èkfha o lsisoq fjkila
olakg fkd,eì‚. ;=kajk Èkfha
§ ckmofha wäfha ,E,af,ys frdvq
u; leo,s ;=, l=vd lsßmdg mKqjka
lsysm fofkl= Èiaùu’isõjk Èk o
tf,iu olakg ,eì‚.
tfy;a rdcldß lgqhq;= ksid Èk
lsysmhla wOHhkh lsÍug fkdyels
jQ ksid wjidkfha mQ¾K jYfhka
ckmohg bái,nhska ydks muqKqjd
;snqKs’
 ó ueiaid
ksÍlaIK (-
1.tlS jo leì,s;s lsysmhg b;du;a
u oreKq f,i bái,nhd ydkslr
;sîu.
2. 2cm muK f,dl= bá mKqjka
iy 1cm muK jk l=vd bá
mKqjka hk foj¾.hu ckmoh
;=, jHdma;j isák nj olakg
,eîu.
3.jo ish,a,u l¿ meye;s jk f,i
fiao kQ,a muKla b;sß ù ;sîu.

uyd bámKq fldaI ckmofha iqÿ

mdáka Èiajk w;r l¿ meye;s jo u;
ms,d fldaI lsysmhla idod ;snqfKa,
ySka bá mKqjd njg ks.ukh l<
yelsh ^w;m;a;= 2017(59& fulS
m¾fhaIKh ;=,ska ;yjqre jQfha bá
i,n mKqjka fofldgigu tkï
ySka bái,nhd;a uyd bái,nhd;a
hk fom,u tlu ckmofha
iuld,Skj ;u Ôjk pl%h isÿlr
we;s njhs.
ydks mQ¾Kh
fulS bái,nhka fofokd yg b;d
blaukska lSg ms,d wjê miqlr
hd yels nj;a uyd bái,nhdf.a
m%;sl%shdj ckmohl úkdYhg
fnfyúka n,mdk lreKla nj;a
m%;HlaI úh. uyd bái,n ydksh
fnfyúkau ó ueis fmÜá ;=,
l%shd;aul ùu oelsh yels ;;ajhls.
jo j, we;s bá wdydrhg .ekSu
fya;=fldgf.k iïmQ¾Kfhka
mKqjkaf.a jiqre yd fiao kQ,a l¿
ul=¿oe,a fuka jo rduq w;r Èia ùu,
bái,n lSghska, ySx bái,nhdf.a
lSg wjia:d l¿ meyefhka jo rduq
u;;a uyd bái,nhd fmÜáfha ,S
u;;a olakg ,eîu;a mKqjkaf.a
lSg yd ms,d wjia:d iqúfYaISj
úYd,;ajh wkqj
y÷kd.ekSug yelsùu ;=, uy;a
ydkshla ckmohg isÿlr we;s nj
;yjqre úh.
ydksh j<lajd .;yels l%ufõo ¦
1&wäfha ,E,a, wfyaks ld,fha §
iqoaO mú;% lsÍu, wvqu i;s follg
jrla WKq j;=frka fidaod úh<d
wäfha ,E,a, fhÈh hq;=h.
2&wfyaks ld,fha § me‚ wÕ,
wjika ùf.k hk úg lD;su
wdydr ,ndÈh hq;=h.
13
bá i<nhdf.a mQ¾K ydkshg ,la jQ ms,d johla¡
lrxf.dv, r;akmqr.
3&rd;%S ld,fha f.aÜgq ;yvqj IV.ó ueis md,kh ^2007& ;=kajk
iïmQ¾Kfhka jid WoEik br uqøKh lDIsl¾u fomd¾;fïka;=fõ
t<sh jeàug fmr bj;a lsÍu m%ldYkhla.
4&wfyaks ld,fha § fnfyúka
ueiaika ckmofha wvqjk w;r D.M.Senarath Bandara dissanayaka
ms,d fmÜáhg my<ska rduq bj;a BA (USJ SP), MSC (PGIAR), PG
l, meKs fmÜáhla ;nkak. Dip in Archaeology, MA
5& ueiaika w;yßk ,o mrK
jo we;akï tAjd iïmQ¾Kfhka bj;a
lr fnÿï ,E,a, fhdod fldgilg
iSud l< hq;=h.
6& ueiaika hk tk lfmd,a,
fl<jr ueis .ykh wkqj fi.ó 2
isg 5 olajd m%udKfha iq¿ bvla
b;sß lr f.aÜgq ;yvqj by<g isák
fia fhdod lfmd,a, jid oeófuka
i,nhd we;=,a ùu j<ld,Su.
wdY%s; .%ka:
I.w;m;a;= tA’tï’ã’^2017& ó ueis
md,k lafIa;% w;afmd; ixia’b,x.
fldaka’tÉ’tï’fÊ’ lDIsl¾u
fomd¾;fïka;=fõ m%ldYkhls’
II. úu,O¾u tia.tia.Ô.tï
^2017& ó ueis md,kh lDIsl¾u
fomd¾;fïka;=fõ m%ldYkhla.
III.ó ueis f,dalh ^2009& ixia.
wOHlaIl ó ueis md,k jHdmD;sh”
 ó ueiaid
fuu ffjrih tu ueiaika úiska wvd, lsÍu m%uqL ld¾hhla úh
uev,uq ielanDDâ lSghska fmdaIKh lsÍfï§ lSghskag hq;=h. wdidÈ; ckmo yels;dla
je<f|a. ffjrifha Odrlhska f,i wfkl=;a ckmo j,ska yqol,d
(PdhdrEm :- k,ska rKjl)
rKjl) ó ueiaidf.a <ore wjëka jk ms,d fldg ;eîu u.ska wfkl=;a ckmo
yd lSg wjia:d l%shdlrk w;r j,g frda.h me;srhdu j,lajd
ffjria hk ku lk jel=Kq
fuu wjia:dfõ§ ffjrifha wdhq .ekSug ó ueis md,lhd lghq;=
iekska wm ldg;a ks;e;skau
ld,h Èk 14 ;a 21 ;a w;r fõ.
isyshg kef.kafka fï jk úg;a
ms,d yd lSg wjia:d j,ska f;drj
iuia: f,dalhu fj,df.k
ffjrihg ckmoh ;=, meje;aula
we;s fldfrdakd jix.;h fyj;a
fkdue;s fjhs.
^Covod 19& ffjrih fõ.
sackbrood ffjrih me;sÍug
ñksiqkag fldfrdakd ffjrih
n,mdk lreKq fudkjdo@
kï ó ueiaikag@ f,i hï wfhla
ffjrih me;sr hEu flfrys ó
m%Yakd¾:hla ke.=jfyd;a ó ueis
ueis md,lhdf.a w;miqùï yd
md,lhskag ks;e;skau isyshg kef.
fkdukd l%shdl,dmhka fukau
kafka fï jk úg › ,xldj we;=¿
wys;lr mdßißl idOl n,mdkq
iuia: f,dalfhau ó ueiaikaf.a
,nhs. ffjrih wvx.= c,h yd
meje;aug oeä ;¾ckhla t,a, lr
wdydr ,nd§u, ffjrih ;ejreKq
we;s Sackbrood ffjrihhs.
WmlrK Ndú;h, ckmo w;r
sackbrood ffjrih hkq@
mr;rh mj;ajdf.k fkdhEu, l, hq;= fjhs.
ck hkafkys isxy, wre; mei
ó ueis .yKh wvq l=vd ckmo ;jÿrg;a ckmoh ;=, ffjrifha
fyj;a u,a, hkakhs. Brood hk
lÜá fn§u, ffjrih yd .egqkq Odrl wjia:dj tfia ke;fyd;a
jokska <orejd hk wre; f.k ths.
/ðkla yÿkajd §u, wdidê; ms,d lSg wjia:dj ffjrifha
tA wkqj ó ueiaidf.a <ore wjia:dj
jo ñY% lsÍu,wys;lr f,i ÿï Ôú; ld,h ;=, uqla; lsÍu
jk lSghska Èh msreKq u,a,la njg
Ndú;h wdÈh frda.h iïfm%aIKh tfia;a ke;skï ffjrifha
m;a lrk ffjrih Sackbrood
lsÍug uQ,slj n,mdhs. óg Ôjk pl%h iïmQ¾K lsÍug we;s
f,i ye¢kaúh yelsh. ó ueiaikag
wu;rj ffjrih ioyd ys;lr bvlv weysÍu j¾:udkh jk úg
wdidokh jkafka hehs y÷kd.;a
mßirhla ks¾udkh ùu, ckmofha m¾fhaIKd;aulj id¾:l fjñka
f,dj m%:u Sackbrood ffjrih
idudðlhkaf.a m%;sYla;slrK mj;S. óg wu;rj /ðk bj;a
fõ. th White kï m¾fhaIlhd
wvd, ùu, hk fya;+ka Sackbrood lr kj /ðkla y÷kajd§u” ckmo
1917 § weußldkq ckmohlska uq,a
ffjrih me;sr hdug n,mdhs. iyuq,ska úkdY lr oeóu wd§
jrg y÷kdf.k we;. th Bailey
sackbrood ffjrihg ms<shï... l%ufõo úfoia rgj, l%shd;aul
iy col-leagues úiska 1964 § m%:u
ffjrihla je<÷k úg th lrkq oel.; yels fjhs.
j;djg bf,laÜfrdksla wkaùlaI
T!IO ,nd §fuka muKla fuu ,smsfha§ by; lS l%u ;=,ska
wdOdrfhka wkdjrKh lr.kakd
md,kh lr.ekSu ;rul wmyiq iqyqUq,a ueiaikaf.a m%;sYla;slrKh
,È. fuys§ wdidokh jQ lSghska
lghq;a;ls. ó ueiaika i|yd fuh mj;ajd.kakd w;r ckmoh ;=,
Èh msreKQ u,a,la f,i jo l=àr
wod, lr.ekSu Bg;a jvd wiSre ffjrifha Odrl wjia:dj jk
j, iDcq w;g yeÍ fndaÜgq wdldr
lghq;a;ls. tA ukao h;a ñksidg ms,d lSg wjëka lsishï ld,hlg
yevhla .ksñka ñh f.dia we;s
fuka tla tla ó ueiaidg fjka ckmoh ;=, fkdue;s ;;ajhlg
fjka jYfhka m%;sYla;slrKhla /f.k tñka ffjrih ckmofhka
we;sjk mßÈ l%ufõo ilia lÍu ;=rka lsÍfï l%ufõoh meyeÈ,s
m%dfhda.sl fkdjk ld¾hhla jk lsÍug n,dfmdfrd;a;= fjuq. fuys§
neúka iy ó ueiaika tla ia:dkhl ó ueis md,lhd isys ;nd .; hq;=
r|jd ;nd .ksñka ksfrdaOdhkuh ldrKhla kï wm i;=j mj;sk
m%;sldr isÿl, fkdyels neúks. ckmoh l=uk wdldrfhka fyda
tAfia kï wm úiska l, hq;af;a h:d ;;ajhg m;alr .;a;o tA wjg
l=ulao@ we;s mßirfha mj;sk iajNdúl
wdldrh oel.; yels fjhs.
ckmofha msßisÿ Ndjh mj;ajd ckmo j,ska kej; wdidOkh úh
fuh ó ueiaidf.a iqyqUq,d yg
.ekSu ;=,ska ckmo w;yer yels njhs. tneúka fuhska u;=
wdidokh fkdjqko ckmohlska
m,d hdu wju lr.; yels w;r lshefjk m¾fhaIKh isÿ lsÍug
ckmohlg ffjrih m;=rejk
iqyqUq,kaf.a m%;sYla;slrKh fmr ;u ckmoh fjk;a ckmo
jdylhska f,i iqyqUq,a ueiaika
jeäÈhqKq lsÍu u.ska ckmoh ;=, fkdue;s l,dmhlg f.k hd yels
l%shd lrhs. iqyqUq,a ueiaikaf.a
ffjrifha j¾Okh yd me;sr hdu kï th jvd;a id¾:l jkq we;.
Hypopharangeal .%kaÓ j, /iajk
14
 ó ueiaid
m¾fhaIK l%ufõoh
ckmofha jo ish,a, jid .ekSug
m%udKj;a ;rï ueiaika fkdue;s
kï, jo iïmQ¾Kfhka jid.ekSug
yels jk f,i jo b;sß lrñka
jeäfhka wdidOkh ù we;s mer‚
jo tlla fyda folla bj;a l,
hq;=h. wk;=rej rEmigyka j, fufia /ðk l+vq lr ;eîfuka
olajd we;s mßÈ /ðk w,ajd /ðk n,dfmdfrd;a;= jkafka /ðk
l+vqjla (Queen Cage) ;=,g we;=,a ;jÿrg;a ìcq ,Eu je,elaùuhs. tA
wkqj ckmofha tA jk úg b;sßj
mj;sk ì;a;r lSg ms,d wjê ;u
Ôjk pl%h iïmQ¾K lr iqyqUq,a
ueiaika njg m;a jkq we;. ;jo
tA jk úg ñhf.dia we;s iy ñh
hk ms,d lSg wjia:d ueiaika úiska
ckmofhka bj;a lr oukq we;.
ielanDâ ffjrifha wdhq ld,h
Èk 14 ;a 21 ;a w;r fõ’ tneúka
ffjrifha Ôú; ld,h wjika
lr.; hq;=h. jk f;la, tkï Èk 21 la miqjk
wk;=rej ckmofha ueo msysgk f;la fufia /ðk l+vq lr ;eîu
johl ueo fldgfia rEmigyfka wksjd¾h fõ. fufia /ðk l+vq lr
wdldrhg /ðk l+vqfõ m%udKhg Èk 21la muK .; jk úg ms,d lSg
fldgqjla lmd bj;a lr /ðk ì;a;r wjia:d fndfyda fihska wvq
iys; /ðk l+vqj tu fldgig iú ms,d jo ckmoh ;=, oel.; yels
jkq we;.
fufia /ðk l+vq lr ;nk
ld,iSudj ;=, iqyqUq,a ueiaikaf.a
meje;aug wjYH jk idOl jk
me‚ yd mrd. ckmoh ;=, m%Yia;
uÜgñka mj;ajd .ekSu md,lhd
úiska l, hq;= fjhs. fuys§ lD;Suj
me‚ yd mrd. ,nd§u isÿl,
yels w;r me‚ ,nd §fï§ me‚
iuÕ c,fha ødjH úgñka C yd B
lr.; hq;=h. tlalr.ekSu;a, fy, Tiq jk mia
bka wk;=rej tu joh ;snq mx.=j fyda oi mx.=j fyda iqjOr‚
wdldrfhkau ckmofha uOHfha jeks m%;sYla;sh j¾Okh lrk
ia:dk.; l, hq;=h. T!IO ,nd §u ;=,ska jvd;a id¾:l
m%ÓM, w;alr.; yelsjkq we;.
fufia ckmofha wdydr uÜgu
m%Yia; whqßka mj;ajd.ksñka Èk
15
25la hk ;=re ckmoh kv;a;= l,
hq;= fjhs. fuys§ w¨;ska ueiaika
ìysùu wju jk ksid ckmoh ueis
.ykh ;rula wvq jkq Tng oel.;
yel. tneúka i;s follg miq ueis
.ykh ksÍlaIKh fldg jeämqr
we;s mer‚ jo bj;a lsÍu;a fnÿï
,E,a, fhdod ckmofha WYaK;ajh
md,kh lsÍu;a md,lhd úiska isÿ
l, hq;= fjhs. ;jo fuu ld,iSudj
;=, i;shlg jrlaj;a ckmofha
wäfha ,E,a, iqoaO l, hq;= jk w;r
ckmoh jvd;a wdrlaIs; ùu Wfoid
tla milska wÕ,la fyda folla
b;sßjk mßÈ f.aÜgq ;yvqj iSud
lr oeóu;a jeo.;a fjhs. ckmoh
fufia Èk 25la hk ;=re kv;a;=
lr.kakd ckmoh Èk 25 lg miq
ksÍlaIKh lsÍfï§ ckmoh ;=,
lsisÿ ì;a;r,ms,d,lSg wjia:djla
oel.; fkdyels jk nj Tng
ksÍlaIKh jkq we;. tfia Èk
25la .; ùfuka miq kej; /ðk
ckmohg uqod yeßh hq;= jk w;r
/ðk kej; ì;a;r oeóu wdrïN
lrk f;la /ðk ;yvqj fhdod
;eîuo fuys§ wksjd¾hfhkau l,
hq;= ld¾hhls.
fufia h:d ;;ajhg m;ajk
ld,iSudj ;=, ckmofha wdydr
tkï mrd. odrh yd me‚ odrh,
m%Yia: uÜgul mj;ajd .ekSug
md,lhd lghq;= l, hq;=h. ;jo
/ðk ì;a;r oeóu wdrïN lsÍu;a
iuÕ ;jÿrg;a b;sßj we;s mer‚
jo l%ufhka bj;a lr ckmoh
;=, kj jo ne£ug ueiaikag
bvm%ia:dj ,nd Èh hq;= fjhs. tA
yryd ckmofha .ykh l%ufhka
jeä lr.ekSfï yelshdj md,lhdg
ysñ jkq we;.
fuu l%shdj,sh ;=,ska ielanDâ
ffjrih 80] l m%udKhg
wdidokh jQ ckmohla Wjo h:d
;;ajhg m;alr.ksñka ffjrifha
n,mEu 5] olajd wvq lr.ekSug
 ó ueiaid
yels jkq we;. wfyaks ld,h
;=, jvd;a ;¾ckd;aul f,i
ffjrifha n,mEug ,la jQ ckmo
fuu l%ufõoh Tiafia me‚ jdrh
olajd id¾:lj kv;a;= l, yels
jkq we;. me‚ jdrh t<öu;a
iuÕ iajNdúlju fuu ;;ajh
ckmo j,ska myj hkq oel .;
yels jkq we;. tfiakï ó ueis
md,lhska jk wm úiska l, hq;=
jkafka wfyaks ld,h ;=, by;
l%ufõoh wkq.ukh lr.ksñka
iqyqUq,a ueiaikaf.a m%;sYla;sh
m%Yia: uÜgul mj;ajd.kakd
w;r ffjrifha meje;aug wjYH
idOl iSud lsÍu yryd ffjrih
me;sr hdu wvd, lsÍu fõ.
fuu m¾fhaIK l%ufõoh ckmo 20
l ksheÈhla yryd w;ayod n,d we;s
w;r thska 80] la id¾:l f,i
h:d ;;ajhg /f.k tAug fuu
l%ufõoh msgqjy,la jQ nj fuys§
i|yka l, hq;=h. m¾fhaIKhg
Ndckh jQ ckmo 20 w;=frka ckmo
folla muK m,d hdu isÿ jQ nj;a
tla ckmohl /ðk ueiaika úiska
urd oeuQ nj;a wjika jYfhka
i|yka l, hq;=h.
igyk - k,ska rKjl
16
/l.uq ìÕ=ka Wfoid u;= mrmqr
oYl folla ó ueiaika iu. ug
u;l f,iska .; lr we; úáka úg
ckmo tlska tl jeä ù tk l,g
ukio lho fhduq jQjd ìÕ=ka yg
wka;¾cd,fha Tn fudn ÿjñkafka
ó ueis md,kh .ek ks;s úuikafka
w.kd oekqu jeä jeäfhka ,nñkafka
uqyqKq fmdf;ka zó ueiaidz yuqjkafka
ol=fka ìÕ=ka” î lSmsx › ,xld
tka fla îia” fldia.u î yd tlald
tlS fulS fkdu lS ish¨u oelald
ßú÷f. ùäfhda fniaÜ T*a › ,xld
ji úij,ska ñysl; kyjk w;r
w.kd ó l=Uqla nq¿ jka ;=re m;r
lmñka Èfkka Èk jk jk ixydr
ìÕ=kf. reÿre remq ñksiqka yer ljr
;rd;sru lsu jk uq;a fuisß,l
mrdð;j hhs f,v ÿla tk l,l
mqrdfÊre ke; ffjria hqoaOhl
Ysrd Tiqj ó me‚ fjhs wxl tl
l=l=,a .j neg¿ t¨jka f,iska fkdj
ìÕ= md,kh yß myiqhs fkdfjhs mj
rel=,la ;nd f.kajd.uq fkdmudj
ksjig wf.hs ìÕ= ckmo f.fka iqj
lDIsl¾uhg ;on, fufyhla lrk
u,ska u,g f.dia wiajkq jeä lrk
wúysxil if;ls j| jk Èfkka Èk
/l .; hq;=hs ìÕ= iïm; ish¨ ok
T.M Duminda Priyadarsha
 ó ueiaid

ud fkdjk uf.a
ueiafida
ckmo oaú;ajhl uqyqu .ek
m%ùkfhl=f.a w;aoelSï

wfma uq;=kañ;akaf.a ld,hg;a wE;

w;S;fha isg mej;s ó ueis md,kh
fkdfhl=;a kùk fjkialï j,g
Ndckh fjñka fï olajd ld,h ;=,
b;du;a i;=gqodhl f,i jHdma; ùu
mßirhg i;d isõmdjg wdorhla
olajk wm ó ueis md,lhkag uy;a
i;=gg lreKls.
fuys lshfjk m%Odkshd, tkï ó
ueiaid tu kùk l%fudamdhka ksid
lsisÿ wmyiq;djhlg fyda Ôú;fhka
iuq.ekSu jeks fÄockl brKï
j,g ,la fkdfldg fkdfhl=;a
wdldrfha mÍlaIK j,g ,lalrñka
Tjqkaf.a Ôjk .uk id¾:lj
mj;ajdf.k hdug w;aje,la ùu
fuu ,smsfha m%Odk wruqKhs.
wm me/kakka, tkï f.!rjh
,eìh hq;= m%ùk ó ueis md,lhka
ckmo folla tl;= lsÍfï§ isÿ
lrkq ,nk iSks Èhrh fyda me‚
fmÕjQ lvodis fld,h ckmo fol
ueoaog ;nd ckmo tl;= lsÍu
b;d id¾:l l%uhls. tfukau ud
Tng y÷kajd fok fuu l%uh b;d
id¾:l l%uhla jk w;r fuys (PdhdrEm :- relaIdka wkqYal)
we;s úfYaI;ajh kï wm ckmo
tl;=lsÍug Ndysr øjH fhdod ia:dkfha ;sìh§u jy,h yd yq,x ckmofha msßisÿ lsÍfï lghq;= isÿ
fkd.ekSu, ckmo msßisÿ lsÍfï ,E,a, bj;a fldg tA u; /ðk lsÍug wjYH fkdùu yd ueiaika
wu;r jevh isÿlsÍug wjYH fkdue;s ckmofha wäfh ,E,a, úiska lmd oud we;s lvodis len,s
fkdùu yd ld,h b;sßlr .ekSug fkdue;sj ia:dk .; l, hq;=h. /h ckmoh ;=, fkdue;s ùuhs.
md,lhdg yels ùuhs. fuys§ wm myka ùfï§ by, ;enQ fmÜáfha tf,iu /ðk fkdue;s ckmoh
ie,lsh hq;= lreKq lsysmhls. tkï, ueiaika fj; .uka lsÍug we;s /ðk ñh f.dia Èk lsysmhla
1./ðk rys; ckmofha ó ud¾.h my, fmÜáfha we;s .uka kï .ykh b;d fyd| kï ^/ðk
ueis .ykh. ud¾.hu neúka yd /h myka ùfï§ iys; ckmofha ueiaikag jvd& tu
2.jevldr ueiaishka ì;a;r /ðk f*rfudakh fj; by, isák ckmoh tl;= lsÍug wjYH wfkla
oeóu wdrïN lr ;sfío hkak. ueiaika wdl¾IKh ùu fya;=fjka ckmoh fj; /f.k f.dia by;
/ðk fkdue;s ueis .ykh wvq ^/ Tjqfkdjqka iu.s ùu md,lhdg l%ufha lS wdldrhg yq,x ,E,a,
ðk iys; ckmofha ueiaikag jvd& miqod n,d.; yelsh. wialsÍulska f;drj tu yq,x ,E,a,
ckmohla kï ijia ld,fha tkï fuys we;s jdisiy.; ;;ajh u; /ðk fkdue;s ckmoh /hla
^19.00& mehg iji 7(00 g muK kï md,lhd miqÈk fkdmeñK ;nd ;sìh hq;=h. fuys§ md,lhd
/ðk iys; ckmoh fj; f.k Èk lsysmhlska meñ‚h;a lsisÿ úiska úfYaIfhka ie,ls,su;a úh
f.dia, /ðk iys; ckmoh tu .eg¨jla fkdue;s ùu. hg we;s hq;= lreK kï tu yq,x ,E,af,a
17
 ó ueiaid
fya;=fjka Tjqka tA ;=, ñh hdug lsÍug md,lhd j.n,d.; hq;=h.
we;s isÿre ó bá j,ska jeiS fkdue;s
bv we;& fuys§ o md,lhdg lsisÿ fuu l%ufha§
ù ;sîuh.’ tu isÿre ;=,ska jd;h
WmlrKhla iyhg fkdf.k /ðk fkdue;s ckmofha ueiaika
by, my, fyd¢ka .uka lsÍug
ckmo tlalsÍug we;s yelshdj m%udKh wvq Wj;a fmr lS fojk
wjldYh ;sìh hq;=h.
fuys we;s úfYaI;ajhhs. fuys§ l%uh wkq.ukh l, hq;= w;r
fuu l%ufha§ md,lhd miqÈk
isÿjkafka /ðk fmrfudakh yq,x ke;fyd;a rd;%S ld,fha§o ó
ckmoh fj; hdu wksjd¾h jk w;r
,E,af,a isÿre u.ska by,g meñŒu ueiaika fmÜáh ;=, m%pkavldÍ
by, we;s /ðk fkdue;s ckmofha
fya;=fjka /ðk fkdue;s ckmoh f,i yeisÍug we;s bvlv
we;s jo rduq bj;g f.k ueiaika
tu fmrfudakhg wjk; ùuhs. fndfydah.
msg;g .id tu jo my, we;s /ðk
tf,iu wm tl;+lrkq ,nk /ðk fmrfudakh;a iqmsß jevldr
iys; ckmoh fj; ,nd §ug iqÿiq
ckmofha ^/ðk fkdue;s& jevldr ueiaishkaf.a fmrfudakh;a
kï ,nd Èh hq;=h. fuys§ ueiaika
ueiaishka úiska ì;a;r oeóu isÿlr ksid wksl=;a ueiaishka jHdl+,
lsisÿ .egqulska f;drj /ðk iys;
we;akï wksjd¾hfhkau by; lshk ;;ajhlg meñ‚h yels w;r
ckmoh fj; tlaùu md,lhd yg
,o fojk l%uh tkï yq,x ,E,a, Tjqfkdjqkag tAldnoaO ùu
oel.; yel.^fuys§ md,lhd úiska
u; ckmoh ;eîfï l%uh wkq. je,elaùu ioyd wksjd¾hhfhkau
miqÈk meñK fuu l¾;jH isÿ
ukh l, hq;=h. fuys§ tu ì;a;r ueo we;s yq,x ,E,a, fhdod
lsÍu wksjd¾h jk w;r ke;fyd;a
iys; jo /ðk iys; ckmoh fj; ;sîu isÿ l, hq;=h. fuys§o yq,x
by, we;s fldgfiys ueiaika yg
,nd§u fkdl, hq;=h. tu jo bj;a ,E,af,ys isÿre b;d msßisÿ whqßka
.uka lsÍug ud¾.hla fkdue;s ùu
jd;h by, my, .ukalsÍug yels
whqßka ;sîu wksjd¾h fõ. fuys§o
miqod md,lhd ckmoh fj;
meñŒu wksjd¾h jk w;r by,
we;s ckmofha jo msg;g f.k
ueiaika .id bj;a lsÍu isÿl,
hq;=h. fuys§ my, we;s
/ðk iys; ckmofha .dâ máh
jevldr ueiaishkag muKla .uka
lsÍug yels whqßka fhdod ;sîu
w;HdjYH fõ. fï wjia:dfõ by,
we;s ckmofha ^/ðk rys;& msßñ
ueiaika isáhfyd;a Tjqkag my,
we;s ckmoh fj; tAldnoaO fkdùu
fuys wruqKhs. fuys§o md,lhdg
ndysr øjH lsisjla Wmfhda.S lr
.ekSulska f;drj fuu ckmo
tl;= lsÍu yd ckmo msßisÿ lsÍfï
wu;r fõ,dj b;sß lr.ekSug
yels ùu fuys we;s úfYaI;ajhhs.
ckmo taldnoaO lsrSfï by;
l%ufõohka Ndjs;d lsrSu ;=,ska
Tfí jákd ld,h b;srslr.;
yels jk w;r wu;r mßY%uhlska
f;drj ckmo tAldnoaO l, yels
jkq we;.

- pkaok l=udr

(PdhdrEm :- relaIdka wkqYal)

18
 ó ueiaid
ìÕ= ckmohl kv;a;=j i|yd m%fõYhla
(PdhdrEm :- YISka fmf¾rd)
fmf¾rd)
foia úfoia ìÕ= md,kfha§ ó
ueis >kdjdi kv;a;=j ke;fyd;a
ó ueis ckmo kv;a;=j hkq ó
ueis md,kfha uQ,sl yrh f,i
yeka¢ùfï jrola ke;. fuu
,smsfhka óueis md,lhd úiska ó
ueis fmÜáfha wNHka;r yd ndysr
mßirh, ld,dkqrEmSj ksjerÈj
y÷kd.ksñka ;sridr f,i óueis
md,k lghq;= fufyhjkafka
flf,ioehs wm úiska úuid n,uq.
óueis md,kh wdrïN lsÍu i|yd
,dxlsl óueis md,lhka óueis
ckmo fidhd.kakd l%ufõo
lsysmhla we;. tA w;r .uka ueis
19
fmdÈhla fmÜá.; lsÍu, ia:djr
ckmohla iys; rel=,la fmÜá.;
lsÍu yd óueis fmÜáhl ia:djr
jQ ó ueis ckmohla ñ,§ .ekSu
oelaúh yelsh. fuf,i lsishï
wdldrhlska óueis ckmohla
imhd.ekSfï§ wm i<ld ne,sh
hq;= lreKq /ila we;’ úfIaYfhkau
frda. yd m,sfndaO uÜgu, /ðKf.a
irenj, ixÑ; wdydrj, iq,N;ajh,
ó ueis fmÜáfha iy ó ueis
ckmofha m%ñ;sh, wf,úfhka miq
fiajdjka wd§ fkdfhl=;a lreKq
iïnkaOj oekqj;aNdjh kv;a;=
lghq;= i|yd jeo.;a fõ.
by; i|yka l< ´kEu wdldrhlska
óueis ckmohla imhd.;a miqj ó
ueis md,lfhla jk Tn fu;eka
isg kv;a;= lghq;= isÿ l, hq;=h.
oekqu, m<mqreoao yd bjiSu iys;
ó ueis md,lfhl=g b;d flá
ld,hlska ksfrda.S fukau Yla;su;a
ckmo jeä .Kkla wNsckkh
lr.; yelh.
ndysr mßirfha tfia ke;fyd;a
fidndoyfï isÿjk mdßißl
fjkiaùu ó ueis md,khg Rcq
n,mEula we;slrhs. j¾Idm;kh,
WIaK;ajh, wd¾ø;djh, f.dapr
Ydl j, iq,N;djh, frda. yd
m,sfndaO >k;ajh, lDIsld¾ñl
j;ams<sfj;a yd udkj ls%hdldrlï
fï w;r iqúfYaIS n,mEula olajk
idOl f,i wmg f.kyer oelaúh
yelsh. fujeks úúO jQ ixisoaëka
j, ys;lr fukau wys;lr n,mEï
o óueis md,lhd uekúka wjfndaO
lr.; hq;= w;r m<mqreÿ m%ùK ó
ueis md,lfhl=f.a iyho iys;j
l,ukdlrKh lsÍu ;=,ska tu
wNsfhda. ch.; yelsh. tfiau
ó ueis leoe,a, ;=, jQ wNHka;r
mßirh yd tys fjkiaùï ms<sn|j
b;d iQlaIuj wjOdkh fhduq lsÍu
;=,ska frda. yd m,sfndaO ydks wju
lr.ksñka, m%udKj;a ixÑ; wdydr
.nvdjla mj;ajd .ksñka ksis ld,
jljdkq j,§ me‚ ksIamdokhkh
olajd ckmo mqyqKq lsÍu ;=,ska
b;d fyd| ó me‚ wiajekakla ó
ueis md,lhdg ,nd.; yels fõ. ó
ueis md,kh úfkdaodxYhla fukau
wd¾Ól jákdlula iys; i;a;aj
md,k l%ufõohls. tys§ T!Iëh
jákdlulska hq;a ó me‚, ó bá, ó
úI, mrd. jeks ksIamdok i|yd;a ó
ueis ckmo wf,úh ;=,skq;a ó ueis
md,lhdg wd¾Ól ,dNhla ,nd.;
yels fõ. kuq;a fjf<|m<g by;
ksIamdok bÈßm;a lsÍfï§
mdßfNda.slhdf.a úYajdih Èkd.;
yels mßÈ ksje/È l%ufõohkag
wkqj wiajkq fk,d .ekSu,
ieliSu yd bÈßm;a lsÍu isÿl<
 ó ueiaid
hq;=h. m%ñ;sfhka hq;a ó ueis
ksIamdok i|yd foaYSh fjf<|mf,a
by, b,a¨ula mj;sk neúka th
wdrlaId lr.ekSu wmf.a j.lSuhs.
fjf<|m< ;rÕfha§ ksr;=reju
.=Kd;aul ksuejqï muKla w.h
tl;= lsÍfuka ó ueis md,lhkaf.a
Ôjk ;;a;ajh yd ó ueis
l¾udka;fha wkd.;h ;SrKh jkq
fkdwkqudkhs.
óg wu;rj ó ueis ckmo jeä
.Kkla l<ukdlrKh lsÍfï§
ó ueis md,lhd úiska ;uka i;=
iïm;a ;sridr f,i l<ukdlrKh
b;d jeo.;ah. úfYaIfhkau
wfhdackh lrkq ,nk uqo,a yd
ld,h ms<sn|j ie,ls,su;a úh
hq;=h. tfukau iqÿiq ld, mrdihka
;=, ckmo mÍlaIdjg ,la lrñka (PdhdrEm :- wix. rKisxy)
y)
iudk j¾Ok fõ.hla iys; ckmo
tlg kv;a;= l< hq;= w;r ÿ¾j, jk wm ish¨ fokdf.a wruqK
ckmo yqfol,d lsÍu ;=,ska ó ueis úh hq;af;a ;sridr f,i ó ueiaid
md,lhdf.a ld¾hlaIu;dj jeä ixrlaIK lrñka fnda.
lr.; yel. mrd.kh i|yd wjYH iu;=,s;
iqÿiq wjia:d j,§ ksjerÈ ;SrK mrd.sl >k;ajh mj;ajd .ekSuhs.
,nd.ekSu i|yd by; i|yka udkj l%shdldrlï yd foaY.=‚l
wjia:dj,g fukau mdßißl úm¾hdi fya;=fjka l%u l%ufhka
o;a; igyka ;nd.ekSuo wksjd¾h fidndoyñka bj;aùug ;e;a lrk
lreKls. ;jo ó ueis md,lhd ó ueiaid,ksjerÈ ;dlaIKh yd
úiska ;ukaf.a ó ueis ckmo oekqu iudc.; lrñka wkd.;h
j, m%fõ‚l ia:dhS;djh mj;ajd Wfoid /l .ekSu wm ieuf.a
.ekSu i|yd ifydaor fkdjk j.lSu jk w;r ó ueiaid hkq
kEUq,a /ð‚hka yd msßñ i;=ka fidndoyfï ks¾udKhla jQ fyhska
mÜá jeàu Èß.ekaúh hq;=h. tys§ fidndoyfï kS;shg wjk;j wm
wNsckkh i|yd iqÿiq msh yd uõ iefjdu ó ueiaid iq/lSu j.lSula
fom,la f;dard .ekSfï§ o;a; f,i is;d lghq;= lsÍug wÈgka
igyka Ndú;d l, hq;=h. uõ yd lr.ksuq.
msh fom,la f;dard .ekSfï§ frda.
m%;sfrdaë, by, wiajekakla iys; ßú÷ .=Kj¾Ok
m%pKav fkdjk, lÜáfn§hdu wvq,
wfyaks ld,h wvq ixÑ; wdydr
m%udKhlska Ôj;a úh yels wd§
ys;lr ,laIK i,ld n,ñka
wNsckk lghq;= isÿ l, hq;=h.
tfiau mqUr m%foaY f.dv kef.k
ia:dk i|yd i,ld n,k ,o ys;lr
,laIK iys; ckmo j,ska ìysjqK
mßK; msßñ i;=ka jeä m%;sY;hla
iyNd.S ùu ;=,ska ksfrda.S,
Yla;su;a, by, M,odhS;ajhla iys;
ó ueis mrmqrla wkd.;hg odhdo
l, yel.
wjidk jYfhka ó ueis md,lhka

20
 ó ueiaid
ó ueis ckmohla ioyd w;sf¾l wdydr ,nd§u
j¾:udk ó ueis md,kh
ms<sn|j lreKq úuiSfï§, w;sf¾l
wdydr iemhSug ysñ jkafka
jeo.;a ia:dkhls. › ,xldfõ
wm úiska md,kh lrkq ,nk,
Apis cerana indica hk kñka
y÷kajk wdishd;sl ó ueiaid,
m%Odk jYfhka › ,xldfõ úúO
m%foaYhkays §, ld,dkqrEmSj wjëka
;=kla .; lrhs’ tAjd kï, —j¾Ol
wjêh, me‚ jdrh, wfya‚ ld,h
“ hk wjëka h. fuys§ j¾Ol yd
me‚ jdrh hk wjëka ;=, fuka
fkdj, wfya‚ ld, mßÉfþofha§,
ó ueis md,lhdg ckmo ioyd
w;sf¾l wydr iemhSu hk jeo.;a
lreKg wj;S¾K ùug isÿfõ.
ckmo ioyd w;sf¾l wdydr f,i,
iSks me‚ ,nd§u ms<sn|j lreKq
úuiSu, fuu ,smsh u.ska idlÉPd
lsÍu wruqKhs.
ckmohlg w;sf¾l wdydr
,nd§ug m%:u, ckmoh l=uk
;;a;ajhl miqjkafkao hk j.
md,lhd úiska ksÍlaIKh l< hq;=
fõ. tys§, rel=,l we;s ckmohla
fyda .uka ueis fmdÈhla fmÜá.;
21
lsÍfï§ ó ueiaidf.a idudkH
Ôjk rgdjg hï ndOdjla isÿ fõ.
tkï, md,lhdg wjYH mßÈ jo
lmd rduq ioyd fldgia lsÍu”
wkjYH fldgia lmd bj;a lsÍu
hk lreKq fya;=fjka, ó ueiaika
hï fkdikaiqka;djhlg m;aj m,d
hdug mjd bv m%ia:dj we;. tjeks
wjia:d u.yrjd .ekSu iy ydks jQ
ia:dk b;d blaukska m%;sia:dmkh
lr.ekSu ioyd md,lhd úiska
,ndfok w;sf¾l wdydrh ó
ueiaidg buy;a m%fhdackhla yd
Wmldrhla jkq we;. tfuka u
ckmoh yerhdu j<lajd.ekSug o,
fuh rel=,la jkq we;.
Tn úiska .uka ueis fmdÈhla
fmÜá.; lsÍul§ fjk;a ksfrda.S
.kdjdihlska ì;a;r, lSg, ms,d
hk wjia:d jeä m%udKhlska
hq;= ueiaika rys; ms,d johla
y÷kajd§fuka wk;=rej, w;sf¾l
wdydr ,nd§u isÿ lrkafka kï,
ckmofha ia:djr;a;ajh yd j¾Okh
läkñka isÿlr.; yels jkq we;.
w;sf¾l wdydr ,ndfok ó<Õ
wjia:dj f,i —wfya‚ ld,h—
yeÈkaúh yel. wfya‚ ld,h hkq,
— mßirfha wêl j¾Ydj, bfvdarh,
iq<., iS;, jeks ;;aj we;s,
iajdNdúl mßirfha uOq iy mrd.
uQ,dY% ys. wjêhhs—
fuu ld,fha§ ckmo ioyd
w;sf¾l wdydr iemhSu b;d
jeo.;a h. tfia fkdlrkafka kï,
ckmoh jdiia:dkh yer hdu
wksjd¾hfhkau isÿfõ. wfya‚
ld,h ;=, /ðkdrlaIl ;yvqj
fhdod w;sf¾l wdydr ,nd fkd§,
ckmoh fldgq lr
;nd.ekSu lsisfia;a fkdl<
hq;a;ls. ckmo úYd, m%udKhla
kv;a;= lrkafka kï, w;sfral
wdydr ,nd §u md,lhdg wiSre
lreKla úh yelsh. tfia kï
md,lhd úiska, ckmo tl;= lsÍu
fyda, wdydr iq<N m%foaYhlg ckmo
/f.k hdu l< hq;=h.
w;sf¾l wdydr ,nd§fï§ nyq,j
isÿ lrkq ,nkafka, iSks Èhr
,nd§uhs. óg wu;rj, ilalr leg
^Wla yl=re&, m<;=re hqY jeks oE
,nd§u isÿlrhs.
j¾:udkfha§ wfya‚ ld,h ;=<
muKla fkdj, ckmo j¾Okh
lr.ekSu ioyd o, w;sf¾l wdydr
,nd§u isÿlrhs’ tfuka u, ckmo
fj; w;sf¾l wdydr ,nd§u u.ska,
j¾Ol wjêfha§ fuka u, ckmo
j¾Okh ùula isÿfõ. ckmo fnda
lr.ekSu ioyd fuu l%uh ó ueis
md,lhka úiska iq<N j
wkq.ukh lrk w;r, tA ioyd
wêl msßjehla oeÍugo isÿ fõ.
;ukaf.a wjYH;djhka u;, fujeks
w;ayodne,Sï lsÍu o, jrola ke;.
kuqÿ tu.ska ó ueiaidf.a idudkH
Ôjk rgdjg ndOdjla fkdùug
j.n,d .; hq;= fõ.
w;sf¾l wdydr ,nd§fï§, tA ioyd
Ndú;d lrkq ,nk WmlrKhka
j,g o, jeo.;a ia:dkhla ysñ fõ.
tA w;ßka mshk isÿre iys; fnda;,a,
mSßishla jeks fkd.eUqre Ndck
fyda fmd,algq Ndú;d l< yelsh.
kuq;a tu WmlrK j, mj;sk hï
hï ÿ¾j,;d fya;=fjka ^ ueiaika
Èhrfha .s,S ñh hdu, jrlg ,ndÈh
yels wdydr m%udKh wvq ùu,
wdydr ,nd§ug yd tA ms<sn| úuiSu
ioyd fkdfhla jr fmÜáh újD;
lr ne,Sug isÿ ùu & j¾:udkh
jk úg, ó ueis md,lhdg fuka
u ó ueiaikag o wdrlaYs;j iy
myiqfjka wdydr ,nd§u ioyd
— bee feeder — kï WmlrKh
nyq, j Ndú;d lrkq ,nhs.fï
u.ska md,lhd fkdue;s wjia:djl
fjk;a wfhl=g Wjo, ckmoh fj;
myiqfjka wdydr ,ndoSug fuu
WmlrKh jeo.;a fjhs.
wdydr ,nd§u ioyd Tn úiska
l=uk WmlrKhla Ndú;d l<o,
tu WmlrKh Wkq j;=f¾ .s,ajd,
ÔjdkqyrKh lr.kafka kï jvd;a
fhda.H fõ. WmlrKh msßisÿ
lsÍfï§ fuka u, iSks meks ødjKh
ieliSfï§ o, k< ckh Ndú;d
fkdlr, W,am;a c,h muKla
 ó ueiaid
Ndú;d lrkafka kï th jvd;a
hym;a jkq we;.
iSks ødjKh ieliSfï§, iSks iy
W;=rk c,h ^1(1& wkqmd;hg
f.k, c,h WKqiqï j mj;sk úg,
iSks fydÈka Èhjk f;la l,jï
l< hq;=h. bka miq ksfjkakg
yer, by; ioyka l< mßÈ iqÿiq
WmlrKhla Ndú;fhka, ckmoh
;=<g w;sf¾l wdydr ,ndÈh
yelsh. ó ueis md,lhka jYfhka
wm úiska, ckmofhka msg; wdydr
iemhSu wkqu; fkdlrkafkuq.
tfukau ckmohg wdydr iemhSu
ijia ld,fha§ isÿ lsÍu b;d
jeo.;a h. ,nd ÿka wdydr miq
Èkfha§;a hï m%udKhla b;sß j
(PdhdrEm :- k,ska rKjl)
22
we;akï, tu m%udKh bj;a l<
hq;=h. tfia l< hq;af;a, tu wdydr
meiSug ,la jk neúks.
m<;=re hqY Ndú;fha§, tAjd
,nd§ug fudfyd;lg fmr
ilid .kafka kï tu.ska meiSu
j<lajd.; yelsh. óg wu;rj
ilalr ^ yl=re & Ndú;d lrkafka
kï, leg jYfhka ckmo ;=<g
,ndÈh yelsh. tu leg Èh lr, ó
ueiaika úiska wdydrhg .kq ,nhs.
ó ueis md,kh id¾:lj isÿ lsÍug
n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk wdOqksl Tng,
w;sf¾l wdydr ms<sn|j fuu ,smsh
u.ska uQ,sl wjfndaOhla ,efnkakg
we;s nj udf.a úYajdihhs.
frdayK ›ud,a
rKjl)
wmg ,iaik fyg Èkla
;=re f.duq w;ßka yskeyS
ysre l=ureka tî n,k
isis,a iq<x .; oejfgk
kejqï Èkla i;=g f.fkk
jkka;f¾ fkl ;=re /i
u,ska uf,a frdka fidhñk
;gq i,ñka b.s<S hk
ìÕ= le, ukrï wisßh
.=uq .=uq ko ijk mqrd
/õ ms<s/õ fohs ksr;=re
wyia ;f,a ujk reisre
fk;a mskjhs yo ikid
jk foõ,sh ;=ref,a fydjd
iE¥ ksjyka wo fldysfoda
msms Èÿ,k u,a f.duq wo
fmdf,dfõ ñysoka ùfoda
me‚ fidhñka f,dn n¢kd
ñksiqka ueo Èú f.jkd
orejka wfma ks;s rlskd
mK k, flf,io /l=ud
megjqka iu.ska me‚ f.k
lrkd ó ueis ovhu
kej;sh yelskï fyg Èk
ñksiqks Tn fjhs Wodr
Tn mK fuka wm Ôjh
/l .kakg yelsfõkï
Èúfha iekiqu ,nñka
rlsfkñ wfm ore megjqka
fidnd oyï uõ ;=ref,a
iqfjka ief;fmñka if;diska
ish¿ i;=ka /l.ksñka
f.fjkq Èúh iefjdu ;=áka
u,a f.duq úis;=re f,i Èÿ,k
;=re fijkska isis, iok
Èúh wfma iqrlsk ks;s
fidÿre Èkla iokq ñ;=r
m%shka;s úfÊisxy
23
 ó ueiaid
meKs msreKq wfma
Wreuhka
ó .i
Madhuca longifolia hk WoaNs;
úoHd;aul kñka y÷kajkq ,nk ó
Ydlfhys úfYaI 07la f,dalh mqrd
jHdma;j mj;sk w;r, bka úfYaI
^04& la u › ,xldjg wdfõ‚l
fõ. Sapotaceae l=,hg wh;a fuu
Ydlh Plantae rdcOdkshg wh;a
fõ. › ,xldfõ úh<s l,dmhg
wdfõ‚l Ydlhla jk fuu Ydlh,
,xldfõ fjk;a m%foaY j, o,
jHdma;j mj;S.
ó Ydlh 20m muK by<g
j¾Okh jk, iDcq lolska yd
ldYaÁh fmd;a;lska hqla; jk
m;kYS,S Ydlhls. fuys m;%hl
È. 20cm muK yd m;%hl m<,
04cm muK jk w;r,j,hdldrj
fyda i¾ms,dldrj m;% úysfoa. fuu
Ydlfha, uehs ui w. Nd.fha§ m;%
ye,S kj o¿ meñfKk w;r, tAjd
r;= ÿUqre ñY% ;U meyefhka Èia fõ.
m;% <má wjêfha§ ishqï nQjlska
iukaú; jk w;r, fïÍu;a iu.
tu nQj ke;s ù hhs.
cqks yd cQ,s hk udihkays §, fïrE
m;% kdrá uq,ska l=vd mqYam wxl=r
meñfKk w;r, tjd fudard u,a
msmSu isÿ fõ. mqYamfha yevh hál=re
;eô,s f.ähl yevh .kS. ó mqYam,
iqÿ meyehg yqre ly meyehla
.kakd w;r, mqYamfha há fldgi
;=< iqÿ meye;s mrd.Od‚;a, mqYam
kgqjg iïnkaO jk ia:dkfha
uOq fldgi;a oelsh yelsh. mqYam
msmSu ikaOHd Nd.fha m j 06.30
g muK wdrïN jk w;r miqod
WoEik jk úg tAjd ye,S hhs.
idudkHfhka mqYamSlrK jljdkqj
i;s 01$02 la muK ld,hla mj;S.
ó,nUr,lfkhs,ovqje,a yd fjk;a
ì.= úfYaI o, fuu mqYam j, we;s
uOq yd mrd. tla /ia lsÍug
meñfKk w;r, f,akqka,j÷rka,
l=re,a,ka jeks i;=ka o fuu
u,a wdydrhg .ekSu ioyd
24
meñfK;s. flfia fj;;a ó ueis
md,lhka yg me‚ ksYamdokhg
fnfyúka bjy,a jk mqYamhls.
fuu mqYamSlrK jljdkqj ;=< ó
ueis md,lhka yg ie,lsh hq;=
m%udKhl me‚ wiajekaklg <.d
úh yelsh. mqYamSlrK jljdkqj
ksu ùu;a iu. mrd.kh fkdjQ yd
jeämqr mj;sk mqYam fldgia ye,S
hk w;r, b;sß jk fldgiaj,ska
l=vd ó M, yg.kS. fïjd o <má
wjêfha§ ishqï nQjlska iukaú;
fõ’ iema;eïn¾ fyda Tlaf;dan¾
udi j,§ ó M, bfok w;r, fï
ld,fha§ jjq,ka yd fjk;a l=re¿
úfYaI ó M, N=la;s ú§ug meñfKa.
ó Ydlfha m%fhdack..
01. l=Uqre j,g iajdõydúlj
fmdfydr imhk Ydlhla yd
lDñ Wjÿre md,khg iajdNdúl
Wml%uhls.
ó Ydlh tod isá me/kakka
úiska ;udf.a l=Uqre woaor yd jeõ
neïfï isgqjk ,§ tu.ska Tjqka
n,dfmdfrd;a;= jQfha fuhhs.
l=Uqf¾ yd jefõ woaor we;s ó Ydl
j, M, b§fï§ jjq,ka meñK tu
.fiau ysof.k bÿKq M, fydÈka
N=la;s úÈhs. tu M, ld fy,k
jiqre jefgkafka jeõ c,hg yd
l=Uqre ,shÈ j,ghs. úoHd¾Òka
mjikafka, ó M, ld fy,k jiqre
.sksfmÜá mshkl m%udKhl hQßhd
kue;s ridhksl fmdfydr lsf,da
;=kl mj;sk ridhksl ix>gl
yd fjk;a laY=ø fmdaYl wvx.=
jk njhs. jeõ bjqf¾ we;s ó .ia
j,ska o fmr wdldrhg u jjq,a
jiqre jeõ c,hg ñY% fõ. jeõ
c,h l=Uqre fj; fnod §fï§ tu
c,fha we;s fmdaYl ù j.djkag
iDcqj u iemfha. fï wdldrhg
ó M, ld jjq,ka fy,k jiqre
j,ska ù j.djkag iajdNdjdúlj u
fmdfydr iemfhk ,§.
;jo fufia ó M, wdydrhg
.ekSu ioyd meñfkK jjq,ka
yd l=re,a,ka úiska ù j.djg
meñfKk lDóka f.dÿre lr.ekSu
ksid ù j.dfõ lDñ Wjÿre md,kh
ùu ksrdhdifhka u isÿ úh.
02. wdydr rij;a lr.ekSu ioyd
wuqøjHhls.
ó Ydlfha mqYam ye¨Kq úg tAjd
weys|, fõ,d, tu fõÆ ó u,a fhdod
ye,m jeks wdydr rij;a lr.ekSu
ioyd w;S;fha úiQ f.ú,shka úiska
lghq;= lrk ,§. tfuka u ó u,a
 ó ueiaid
fldgd tu hqI WKq lr ,nd.kakd
—ól,a,d me‚—,lejqï msiSfï§
fhdod.kakd ,§’ ;j o ó îc j,ska
iso.kakd ó f;,a fhdodf.k —
fj,a,jeyqï— hk m%Œ; wdydrh
msi.kakd ,§.
03. ó îc j,ska ó f;,a
fydÈka jevqKq ó .ilska ó
îc^20kg-200kg& muK ,nd.;
yels nj mejfia. fuu îc fydÈka
wjqfõ fõ,d jxf.äfha fldgd
,nd.kakd ó uo jKavqfõ ;ïnk
w;r tu ;eïnQ uo filal=fõ oud
wUrd w;S;fha§ ó f;,a
iso.kakd ,§. ó f;,a wdhq¾fõo
ffjoH úoHdfõ§ fndfyda fihska
Ndú;d lrk w;r tys wvx.=
ix>gl f,i Palmitic /tearic/
Oleic/ Linolic hk wï, j¾.
yeÈkaúh yel’ fuu f;,a — p¾u
frda., rEueál wdndO, ysfia
lelal=ï — ioyd fhda.H Ok nj
wdhq¾fõofha mejfia. fuu ó f;,a
fhdod ilia lrk wdydr wkqNj
lsÍfuka”fldf,iafg%da,a yd w¾Yia
jeks frda. ;;a;ajhka iukh
jk nj mejfia’ iakdhq Yla;su;a
lsÍug;a, Worh fõ,Sfuka we;sjk
wmyiq;djfhka ñ§ug;a ó f;,a
fhdod.kq ,nhs. tfuka u ifï we;s
jk oo, l=YaG jeks p¾u frda. iqj
lsÍug;a ó f;,a fhdod.kq ,nhs.
fuu ó f;,a mqrdK ld,fha§,
,dïmq oe,aùug Ndú;d lrk ,o
w;r N+ñf;,a fh¥ ,dïmq oe,af,ka
we;s jk weia oeú,a, fuu l%ufhka
we;s fkdfõ.
04. wdhqrefõofha Ndú;d lrk
25
m%N< T!YOhls.
ó Ydlfha — mqYam,m;%,uq,a,fmd;=,îc
— wd§ ish¿ fldgia wdhq¾fõofha
§ fhdod.kq ,nhs. ó f;,a úúO
fõokd iukh lsÍug fhdod.kq
,nhs. tfuka u ó fmd;= levqï
ìÿï fjolï lsÍfï§
fhdod.kS. ;jo ykaÈm;a fõokd
iukh lsÍug ó fmd;= ;eïnQ
lidh fhdod.kq ,nhs. ó fmd;=
úh,d ,n .kakd l=vq j,ska tu
lidh ilid.kq ,nhs. óg wu;r
j ó Ydlfhka ,nd .kakd úúO
fldgia, i¾m fjolu, W.=f¾
wdndO, jd; frda., w;Sidrh, laYh
frda.h yd uq;%d frda. ksjdrKh
lsÍu ioyd fhdod.kq ,nhs.
5. oji mqrdu Tlaiscka imhk
Ydlhla njg úYajdi flfrkjd
idudkHfhka Ydlhlska oyj,a
ld,fha § m%Ndixiaf,aIKh i|yd
ldnkavfhdlaihsâ ,ndf.k
mßirhg Tlaiscka uqodyefrk
w;r rd;%S ld,fha § Ydlj,
Yajikh ms‚i Tlaiscka ,ndf.k
ldnkavfhdlaihsâ msglrkjd.
kuq;a we;eï Ydl Bg fjkia
,laIK fmkakqï lrkjd. ó .i;a
tjekakla nj hs mejfikafka.
ó .ia oyj,a iy rd;%S fNaohlska
f;drj mßirhg Tlaiscka uqodyßk
nj úYajdi flfrkjd.
ft;sydisl miqìu
foajdkïmsh;siai rc iufha§ ó
.ia lemSu urK oKavkh mjd
,nd fokq ,enQ jrola ù ;sì‚.
tA ukao h;a w;S; rc orejka ó
Ydlfha jákdlu fydÈka oek
isá ksidfjks. tfuka u ó .il
w;a;la ldf.a fyda ksjilg nr
ù wjysrhla ù we;s kï tu w;a;
fkdlmd fjk;a ia:dkhl ksjila
;kd jdih lsÍug rc;=ud úiska
Wmfoia § we;. tl, ó .ia lemSug
fya;= ldrKd bÈßm;a lsÍug j;a
bvyirla fkd,enq‚.
mqrdKfha§ ó Ydl, udhsï i,l=Kq
lsÍu ioyd o fhdodf.k we;s nj
uyd úydrfha iSud ,l=Kq lsÍug
ó .ia fhdodf.k ;sîfuka jgyd
.; yelsh. fuhg idlaIs uyd
jxYfhys i|yka fjhs. tfy§ ó .i
yeÈkaùug zl=ÿórelz hk jpkh
fhdodf.k we;.
óg wu;r j Od;= jxYh,
mq,shukal=,u mqjre ,smsh, ñyska;,
mqjre ,smsh hk ,sms j, tl, ó
.ia lemSu ;ykï lr ;snqKq njg
ioyka fõ.
tod isá fy< rcjreka úiska
wdrlaId lrk ,o ó Ydl lemSug,
flda,anDDla wdKavql%u jHjia:dfjka
wjir §u;a iu. › ,xldfõ ;snQ
bme/‚ ó .ia úYd, m%udKhla
isß,lg wysñ úh.
ó ueis md,khg Wr fok Tfí
bvfï fld;ekl fyda ó me<hla
frdamKh lrñka wd¾:sluh
jYfhka fukau mdrsirsl yd
fi!kao¾hd;aul jYfhka mrsirhg
yd i;d iSmdjdg wk.s fufyhla
bgq lrk ó .i /l.ekSug Tfí
hq;qlu bgq lrkak.
igyk - kos;a ixl,am
 ó ueiaid

lgg rig
ó me‚ flala

ñY%Kh oud r;a jQ wjka tfla 160 c

WIaK;ajhg ñks;a;= 30-35 la muK
fíla lr.kak.
fíla ù wjika jQ miq ;eáfhka
flala tl bj;a lr.kak.
Ndckhla ,sms ;nd thg iSks fïi
ye¢ 2la yd c,h fldamam 1$4 la oud
W;=rK f;la r;a lr.kak.
iSks fyd¢ka Èhù W;=rK úg ó
me‚ fïi ye¢ 04 oud fyd¢ka
l,jï lr ,sfmka bj;a lr.kak.
idod .;a flala tfla Wäka gQ;a
msla tlla wdOdrfhka ;ekska ;ek
isÿre lr.kak.
ó me‚ isrma tl yekaolska álska
ál f.k flala tl Wvg oud
.kak ^isÿre ;=,ska isrma tl flala
flala tl ilialr.ekSu i|yd tl ;=,g .uka lrk wdldrhg&
wjYH øjH ó me‚ fïi ye¢ 04 wjYH kï n÷kla ,sm ;nd
iSks fïi ye¢ 02 iafg%dafnß cEï iaj,amhla n÷klg
mdï msá fldamam 01 j;=r fldamam 1$4 oud thg WKq c,h f;a ye¢ 02la
muK oud fyd¢ka Èhjk ;=re r;a
whsiska iSks fyda 2$3 idok wdldrh lr flala tl Wäka oud .kak.
isyskaj wUrd.;a iSks mdïmsá fldamam 01g fílsx mjqv¾ jvd rij;a lr.ekSu i|yd isyskaj
fldamam f;a ye¢ 01la yd ¨Kq l=vq iaj,amhla .d.;a fmd,a iaj,amhla flala tl
oud tla jrla y,d .kak. Wäka bi.kak.
fílsx mjqv¾ f;a ye¢ 01 flala ;eáfha we;=,a me;af;a ng¾
fyda f;,a wdf,am lr mfilska igyk - y¾IŒ fjof.or
fl%dIa ñ,ala fyda lsß msá 1 1$2 ;nd .kak.
j,ska idod .;a lsß f,dl= Ndckhla f.k thg ng¾
fïi ye¢ fldamam 1$2 , iSks fldamam 2$3 , iy
fhda.Ü fldamam 01la oud l,jï
fhda.Ü fldamam 01 lr fyd¢ka îÜ lr.kak.
tu ñY%Khg ì;a;rhla oud kej;
ì;a;r 01 fyd¢ka îÜ lr.kak.
thg jeks,d f;a ye¢ 01la tl;=
¨Kq l=vq iaj,amhla lr l,jï lr.kak.
îÜ lr.;a ñY%Khg y,d.;a mdï
jeks,d f;a ye¢ 01 msá ál oud ,S m;a;lska fyda
yekaolska tlu me;a;g l,jï
ng¾ fldamam 1$2 lr.kak ^îg¾ lsÍfuka j,lskak&
^t<j¨ f;,a$iqj| ke;s tu ñY%Khg lsß fïi ye¢ 1 1$2
fmd,a f;,a& fhdod l,jï lr.kak.
wjka tl 160c l WIaK;ajhg
ó me‚ isrma ilialr.ekSu i|yd ñks;a;= 10la r;a ùug ;nkak.
wjYH øjH iQodkï lr.;a flala ;eáhg flala

26
 ó ueiaid
ì`.=kag;a fygla
kQ;k ó ueis md,kh iuÕska ìÕ=
úrejdf.a fyg oji fjkqfjka
meKs ìÕ=ka md,kh fkdue;s
kï ìÕ= md,kh wE; w;S;hl
mgka fï jk f;lau hï hï
fjkialï j,g Ndckh fjñka,
hdj;ald,Sk fjñka mej; tkakls.
hqfrdamd rgj,a j,ska fukau foaYSh
ìÕ= md,kfhka wmg Wreu jQ ìÕ=
Ys,amSh l%fudamdhka yd tys j;f.d;
fkdfhla wdldrfhka bÈßhg;a
tfiau hdj;ald,Sk fjñka mj;ajd
.ekSu wksjd¾h fõ. yqfolau ìÕ=
md,khg w¨f;ka fhduq jkakka
yg fuys jeo.;alï yd ìÕ=jdf.a
fyg oji iqrlaIs; ùu Wfoid
wä;d,u ieliSu b;d jeo.;ah.
ìÕ= md,khg fhduq ùu kï ó
ueis md,kh muKla u fkdfõ.
ìÕ= md,kh hgf;a ó ueis md,kh
Bee keeping tla fldgils. fuh
f,dj mqrd jeäfhkau m%p,s; ìÕ=
md,khhs. wksla fldgi kï lfkhs
ìÕ= md,kh Meliponiculture fõ.
tA flfia kuq;a wfkl=;a meks
ìÕ=ka úfYaI fï jk f;la md,kh
lsÍfï l%ufõo fidhdf.k ke;;a
mrd.slhska f,i lrkd wñ,
fufyh fukau mßirhg isÿ
lrk fiajh kï wmuK h. tksid
fmdÿfõ ó ueiaid muKla fkdj
ìÕ=ka f,i kï flfrk fï
idudðlhka ish,a,f.a u fyg
oji iqN ùu hym;s.
l;dfõ ud;Dldjg wkqj
ld,Sk wjYH;djla ms<sn| oeäj
wjOdkhg md;% flfrkqfha ó
ueis md,kh k.disgqùug wm .;
hq;= l%shdud¾. yd lafIa;%h ÈhqKq
lrñka ó ueiaidg iqN jk fyg
ojila wkd.;hg odhdo lsÍuhs.
ó ueiaid yd mßirh w;r mj;sk
in|;dj iq¿mgq tlla fkdfõ.
le,hg ysñ le,E if;l= f,i
;u Ôúldj lrf.k hk ó ueiaid
iajNdjfhka u .ia fnkhl ,.,a
l=yrhl, ueá ;=Uil, ;=rejÿ¨
27
ckmohla fmÜá.; lrk w;r;=r
ms,djohla ksÍlaIKh lrk wdldrh¡
;=< wd§ w÷re iys; isis,a,
úh<s, wdrlaIdj iys; iajNdúl
ia:dk j, ,eÕ=ï .kafkls.Bg
wu;rj .DydY%s;j ;nk ueá
uqÜá,l<f.ä,ls;=,a fldg,,S fmÜá
jeks ^85],90]& w÷re mßir j,g
m%sh lrhs.
tkuq;a ó ueis md,kfha fhfokjd
kï tys kshef,k md,lhd Ôú;
f.dkakla iuÕ lrkd .Kqfokqj
;=<§ tlS i;a;ajhskaf.a mQ¾K j.lSu
oeßh hq;=uh. ukao ó ueiaid wdydr
ksIamdokh flfrys jeä jYfhka
odhl jk uq,a mqrella jk fyhska
yd by< jákdlulska hq;= ksIamdok
f.dkakla ñksidg ,nd fok f,dj
jákdu i;a;aj fldÜGdihla
jk fyhsks.by< jákdlulska
hq;a ó meks Bee honey fukau
m%uqL w;=re ksIamdok jk ó bá
Bee wax, fm%dafmda,sia Propolis,
rdcc,a,s Royal jelly, mrd. Bee
pollen ó úi Bee venom, ó ueis
ckmo wf,úh Bee colony wdÈh o
Bg wu;rj ó ueis md,k WmlrK
rdYshlao lafIa;%fha § yuqfjhs.
tA wkqj fuu jákdlï rdYshla
iys; ó ueis md,k lghq;= ;=<ska
úYd, /lshd wjia:d ixLHdjla
ìys lr .ekSfï wjia:dj Wod ù
we;. ;jo úfkdaodxYhla f,i hï
flfklqf.a udkisl iqjh msksio
ó ueis md,kh buy;a fufyjrla
bgq lrhs.
yqfolau ó ueis md,kh hkq ó
ueiaidf.a Ôjk rgdj ms<sn|j
oekqulska hq;=j Tjqkg wjYH
lghq;= iïmdokh lrñka
úoHdkql+,j ieliQ fmÜáhla ;=<
i;dg wjeis mßirh iliñka
mßir fiajhg iu.dój M,odjla
yd w;=re ksYamdok wiajekakla
fk,d .ksñka ó ueiaid iuÕ
lrkd iqyo .Kqfokqjls.
kuqÿ we;eï msßilf.a m%Odk;u
uQ,sl wruqK jkqfha ó meks
wiajekakla ,nd .ekSuhs. thska
tydg ìÕ= md,khla ms<sn|j yd
ó ueiaid iq/lSu Tjqkag jeo.;a
jkafka ke;. meks ,nd .kakd
l%uh,ó meks ksiaidrKh,i;=kag
isÿ jk ydksh jeks lreKq ldrKd
ms<sn| lsisÿ wiajeis,a,la fkdue;.
flfia fyda ;u wruqK idlaId;a
lr .ekSu Wfoid kHdhd;aulj
mßirh ms<sn|j fkdis;hs.ó
ovuh f,i oelaùu kï fuh
u fõ. ìÕ=kaf.a .yk md,kh
fkdue;s kï ffcj iu;=,s;;djh
mj;ajd .ekSug wjirh we;af;a
iajNdoyug u mu‚. iajNdúl
j¾Kjdoh f,i o l%shdlrkafka
o fuhhs. kuq;a wd¾Ól fyda
fjkhï m%;s,dN ;ld ó ovhfuka
le,E meks ,nd ìÕ= iïm; úkdY
lrk ovhlalrejkaf.a meks
,nd .kakjdo@ mßirh iqrlsñka
mßirhg wdorh lrk ó ueis
md,lfhl=f.ka meks ,nd .kakjdo
hkak Tnu is;kak. tfia Tn
meKs ñ,oS .ekSug n,dfmdfrd;a;=
jkqfha le,E ó lvd ìÕ= iïm;
úkdY lrk ó ovhlalrefjl=f.
ka kï ta wkqj Tn fkdoekqj;aju
ìÕ= ovhug odhl ù we;.jeä
jYfhka ìÕ= iïm; úkdY jkqfha
fulS ovhu ksidh.
le,E ó meks wf,úh, tfia;a
ke;akï ìÕ= ovhu ;=,ska ,nd
.kakd meks fl;rï msßisÿ jqj;a
 ó ueiaid
ksjerÈ ksiaidrKhlska f;dr ksid
wmsßisÿ ùu yd .=Kd;auh wvqfõ.
Bg n,mdk fya;= lSmhls,
• ms,d,lSg wjia:d fukau
mrd. fldgia bj;a fkdfldg
w;ska ñßlk ,o meks iuÕ c,h
yd w;a j, wmøjH ñY% ùu.
• le,E meks flàfï§ meks
jo wjldYhg fndfyda fõ,djla
ksrdjrKh jk ksid ¥ú,a, yd mia
wxY= iuÕ wmsßisÿ ùu.
• iq<Õ ksid l=vd frdvq
len,s ó meks iuÕ ñY% ùu yd
jeiqkq meks fldaI j, bá len,s ó
meks iuÕ tl;= ùu.
• nUr meks fyda fjkhï
meks j¾. fyda isrma iuÕ ñY% lr
fj<|fmd<g ksl=;a lsÍu.
• fudark ,o meks
ke;fyd;a,ó ueiaid úiska ksjerÈj
moï lrk ,o meks, fkdj mQ¾K
jYfhka ó meks njg m;a fkdl<
bá msheiai uÕska uqød fkd;nd
we;s meks ó ovhlalre úiska wf,ú
lsÍu wdÈh fõ.
tA flfia fj;;a tjeks foa
fmrd;=j y÷kdf.k, le,E ó meks
wf,úlrejka yg fj<|fmd<
wjia:dj ,nd .ekSug bv fkdÈh
hq;=hs. wm úiska fi!LHdrlaIs; by<
.=Kd;aufhka hq;a ó meks y÷kd
.ekSfï l%u ie<iqï lsÍu yd ìÕ=
md,lhskag muKla w;ys; ,nd oSu
ld,Sk wjYH;djhlaj we;. tys§
ovhlalrejdg ìÕ= iïm; úkdY
lsrSug we;s bv m%ia:dj weysrS hhs.
tA wkqj ìÕ= ovhug ;s; ;nñka ó
ó ovhla lrefjl=f.a .%yKhg yiq jQ .ia fnkhlska yuq jQ ó johla¡
28
ueis md,kh ÈhqKq lsÍu ;=<ska ìÕ= mqyqKq lr lafIa;%h ÈhqKq lsÍug
iïm; úkdY jk nrm;,u fya;= iyh ùu.
idOlh fndfyda ÿrg md,kh l< • kj ;dlaI‚l oekqu ,nd §
yelsh. ó ueis md,lhkag w;ys; §u.
ó ueis md,kh flfia fj;;a • wdkhksl ó meks f.k
kd.ÍlrKh yd mßir úkdYh tAu ie<lsh hq;= f,i wju lsÍu
ksid ìÕ= ixydrh úkdY uqLhg fukau foaYSh f.dúhdg w;ys; §u.
weo jeà we;. yqfolau ìÕ=jdf.a t;=<ska ó ueiaid yd iuia: ìÕ=
wkd.;h iqrlaIs; lsÍug kï ó iïm; /l .ekSug Tno odhl
ueis md,kfha u kshe,Su lsisfia;au jk w;ru ksjerÈ idOdrK ó ueis
w;HdjYH ke;. ta i|yd l< hq;= m,lhd yd foaYSh ó ueis md,kh
ir, hq;=lï lSmhls. ÈhqKq lsÍug lghq;= lrkafkla
f,i Tnf.a j.lSu bgq lrkak.
• fnda. j.dj fyda Ydl
frdamKh - t<j¿ fnda.,m<;=re ckQ úÿjr
fnda. fukau mqIam orK M, yg
.kakd wd¾Óluh jákdlï j,ska
hq;a f.j;= j.dj wdY%s; fnda.
isgqùu uÕska ìÕ=kag wjYH wdydr
,nd .ekSug iqÿiq úNjhka we;s
lsÍu.
• ó ueiaidg muKla iSud
fkdjQ uq¿ mßir moaO;shgu n,mEï
t<a, lrk ridhksl øjH,jdhq ¥Il
ÿï mßirh yd .eàu wju lsÍu.
• lDó kdYl,j,a
kdYl,m<sfndaO kdYl Ndú;h
wju lsÍu.
• iajNdúl ó ueis .Kdjdi
wdrlaId lsÍu.
• ó ueiaidf.a jHdma;sh yd
meje;au ÈhqKq lÍug Woõ jk
rel=,a ;eîu yd ó ueis ksjdi
imhd ìÕ= .ykh jeä lsÍug Woõ
Wmldr lsÍu.
• foaYSh ó meks f.dúhd
Èßu;a lsÍu yd kj wdÿkslhka
 ó ueiaid

;rejla iu`. jrejla

úúO m¾fhaIKhka j, ksr; mqxÑfyajd uy;auhd úiska yomq
fõ. ,dxlsl óueis md,kh, ìÕ= fuÜßla óueis fmÜáh jf.a fyd|
ixrlaIKh hk ldrKd flfrys úldYkhla ,xldj ;=, olskak
t;=ud olajk odhl;ajh b;du;a mq¿jka. Y%S ,xldfõ óueis md,khg
w.h l< hq;=fõ. Tyq, Y%S ,xld ´k lrk miqìu ks¾udKh fj,d
rcrg úYajúoHd,fha lDIsl¾u ;snqk;a uydmßudK uÜgfuka
mSGfha fÊIaG lÓldpd¾h wkqr óueis md,kh isÿ fkdùu;a tA
bkao%ð;a isßfiak uy;dhs. i|yd mqoa.,hkaf.a fhduqùfï we;s
wvqlu;a ksid fï wdY%s; ;dlaIKfha
.eg¿j - ,dxlsl óueis md,kh ÈhqKqj ;j;a ukao.dó ;;ajfha
iy w;S;fha isg tys úldYh iu. ;sfnkjd. úfYaIfhkau ,xldfõ
j¾;udk ;;ajh .ek Tn;=udf.a óueis md,kh iïnkaO ix.kk
woyi fudllao@ o;a; iy im%udK m¾fhaIK
ms<s;=r - ,dxlsl óueis md,kh o;a; ke;s ;rï iy tA ksidu
.ek lshoa§ ud olsk wkaoug th l¾udka;hla jYfhka i,loa§
kQ;k óueis md,kh, ìÕ= ksIamdok
;ju;a ;sfhkafka b;du;a m%d:ñl ,dxlsl óueis md,kh ;sfnk ;ek
fjf<|fmd< iy tA yd ine¢
uÜgulhs. miq.sh Èkl foaYkhla .ek iEySulg m;afjkak neye
m¾fhaIKhka yd ie,lSfï§ f.da,Sh
i|yd ud iyNd.s jQ bkaÈhdkq .eg¿j - Tn;=ud oekg lrf.k
jYfhka furg ,ndf.k we;s
iïuka;%Khl§ mjd lemS fmkqKq hk m¾fhaIKhka wdY%s; lreKq
ÈhqKqj iy m%.ukh ie,lsh hq;=
lreKla jQfha kQ;kh jk úg iaj,amhla l;d lfrd;a@
f,i wju uÜgul mj;S. ,dxlsl
óueis md,kh iy tA wdY%s; lreKq ms<s;=r - Tõ, uu óueis md,kh
iudch i,lk úg§ wfkl=;a .Dy
iïnkaOfhka f,dalfha wfkl=;a wdY%s; fndafyda lreKq bf.k .;af;a
l¾udka; yd i,lk úg§ óueis
rgj,a úiska úYd, jYfhka fmardfo‚h úYajúoHd,fha úch
md,kh flfrys kQ;kfha we;s
m¾fhaIKhka isÿ lr,d ;snqK;a .=Kfialr uy;auhdf.ka. b;sx
keUqrej ie,lsh hq;= uÜgulska
furg tA ;;ajh iy uq,skau Tyqf.ka miafia lSg úoHd{fhla
by< f.dia we;s kuq;a tA i|yd
fjkia. úfYaIfhkau ,xldj ;=, úÈhg tA j.lSu ug ,enqKd;a
wjYH ksjerÈ oekqu j.lSula
óueis wNsckkh wdY%s;j iy tlal oekg jir fod,yl jf.a
iys;j ,nd§u i|yd bÈßm;a jk
cdkuh jYfhka jeäÈhqKq lsÍu ld,hla ;siafia óueis md,kh
mqoa.,hska iy uQ,dY% b;du;a wju
hk lreKq .ek we;s wjOdkh úYhla úÈhg W.kakkjd. tA jf.au
uÜgul mj;sk j. oelsh yel.
b;du;a wjuhs. tA jf.au ;uhs fndfydauhla úYajúoHd, isiqka
tfiau ,dxlsl óueis Wm úfYaIh
,dxlsl ó ueis md,lhka w;r tlal m¾fhaIKhka j, ksr;
yd iïnkaO mQ¾j m¾fhaIK ,sms
óueis md,kfha ksIamdokhka fjk w;fru uu;a fm!oa.,sl
iy hj;ald,Sk ix.kk o;a; j,
j,g w.h tl;=lsÍu jf.a foaj,a jYfhka óueis md,kh jf.au
ys.;djh fya;=fldgf.k fndfyda
lrkak fm,UqKq m%udKh b;du;a óueis md,kfha tl tl me;slv
m¾fhaIlhka fuu lafIa;%fha
wvqhs. fldfydu Wk;a ,dxlsl ó .ek wOHhkh lrkjd. we;a;gu
m¾fhaIK j,g fhduq ùu flf¾
me‚ tla /ia lsÍu iïnkaOfhka uf.a wOHk lafIa;%h óueiaika
keUqre fkdùu;a tla;rd whqrlska
fyd| b;sydihla ;sfnkjd. tAl muKla u fkfï, tAl yqfol,d
,dxlsl ìÕ= md,kh lafIa;%fha
f.da,Sh jYfhka .;a;u fndfyda ìÕ=ka iy lDñ úoHdj wdY%s; ;rula
ukao.dó m%.ukhg fya;=ldrl
wOHkhka j,§ i|yka lrk mq¿,a mrdihl úysfokjd. óueis
ù we;’ tjka miqìul§, wo
ldrKdjla. kuq;a hg;aúð; iuh md,kh .ek i<lkjd kï, óueis
;rejla iu. jrejla úfYaIdx.h
iy tA wdY%s;j wd.ukh fjÉp tla md,kfha f,dl=u .eg¿jla úÈhg
iu. tlajkafka furg óueis
tla l¾udka; tlal tA m%.ukfha ;sfhk bá i,U ydksh md,kh
md,kh iy ìÕ=ka iïnkaOfhka
hï miqnEula oelsh yelshs. óueis lrkak wmsg lrkak mq¨jka foaj,a
m¾fhaIKhka j, ksr; jk
md,k WmlrKh .ek i,loa§ .ek fï ojia j, mÍlaIK lsysmhla
w;f,diaila úoaj;=ka w;r ;j;a
,ex.aiaf;%da;a óueis fmÜáh lrf.k hkjd. fndfyda rdcH
tla m%uqL fmf<a mqoa.,fhls.
ks¾udKh ùu;a tlal fmardfo‚h fkdjk ixúOdk j,ska ,xldj
Tyq lSg úoHdj iïnkaO
úYajúoHd,fha wdpd¾h nemaáia ;=, fndfydauhla m%foaY j, óueis
lÓldpd¾hjrhl= f,i úYajúoHd,
uy;d uQ,sl fj,d yomq nemaáia md,kh i|yd uqo,a fhdoj,d ckmo
uÜgfuka lghq;= lrk w;ru
óueis fmÜáh, Bg miafia uydpd¾h fnod §,d we;eï fj,djg fmr
óueis md,kh iy ìÕ=ka iïnkaO
29
 ó ueiaid
iqodkula ke;slu ksid wid¾:l
fjÉÉ wjia:d j,§ Tjqkaf.ka
wdmq b,a,Sï tlal óueiaikaf.a
wkafkalaIl iy mrd. wOHkhka
jf.a m¾fhaIKhka j, ;uhs fï
ojia j, ksr;fj,d bkafka. tA
jf.au ì|jegqKq mßir moaO;s
kej; m%;sia:dmkh lsÍfï§ ìÕ=ka
ixrlaIKh iy óueis md,kh tA
wdY%s;j m%p,s; lrkafk fldfyduo
lshk ldrKd .ek;a fï ojia j,
m¾fhaIKhka flÍf.k hkjd.
.eg¿j - Tn;=ud olsk wkaoug
,xldfõ kQ;k óueis md,kh
wdY%s; .eg¿ fudkjo@
ms<s;=r - ,xldfõ kQ;k óueis
md,kh .ek ne¨ju tA .ek
ffioaOdka;sl iy m%dfhda.sl oekqu
;sfnk mqoa.,fhda .eg¨jla ke;sj
óueis md,kh fyd| uÜgul
mj;ajf.k hkj olskak mq¿jka.
kuq;a wdOqksl iy w¨;ska wdrïN
lrk mqoa.,hka w;aoelSï uÈ lu
iy óueis md,kh wdY%s; oekqu uÈ
lu ksid;a óueis ckmo kv;a;=
lsÍfïÈ we;sfjk bá i,Uhd,
yÈis yerhdu, ffjria frda. jf.a
.eg¨ ksid óueis md,kh w;yer
odk wjia;djka nyq,j olskak
mq¨jka. Tn okakj óueis md,kh
lshk lafIa;%fha bjiSu lshk
ldrKdj b;du;a jeo.;a. b;sx
tfyu ;;a;ajhl§ tA jf.a uq,a
wjia;dfõ§ we;sfjk .eg¨ ksid
óueis md,kh w;yer odk tl
f,dl= ÿ¾j, lula. úfYaIfhkau
,xlsl óueiaidf.a yeisÍu iy
Tjqka .DydY%s; jYfhka md,kh
lsÍu iïnkaOfhka fyd|
m%drdfhda.sl oekqj;a Ndjhla
,nd.kak kï wju jir folla
j;a bjiSfuka tA lghq;=j,
ksr; fjkak fjkjd. hqfrdamSh
óueiai tlal wfma óueiaid
i,loa§ Tjqkaf.a .DydY%s; keUqrej
b;du;a wju uÜgul ;sfnkafka.
fndfyda óueis md,k W;aiyhka
ì|jefgkak m%Odk;u fya;=j
;uhs ksis oekqula iy fmr
iQodkula ke;=j óueis md,kh
wdrïN lrk tl. úh,s l,dmh
.ek i,loa§ fndfyda jYfhka
30
PdhdrEmh :- ú.á.ta m%NdYajr
isoaO fjkafka le,E ó leãu.
t;fldg fndfydauhla ñksiaiq tA
f;aÍfuka bj;a fjkak leue;a;la
olajkafk keye. fudlo Tjqka
olskafka tA l%uh jvd;a ,dNodhs
iy myiqhs lshk ldrKdjhs. tA
jf.au ,xldj ;=, ó ueis md,kh
lshkafk fndfydu m%p,s; iy uu
l,ska i|yka lrd jf.au fndfyda
mqoa.,hka keUqrejla olajk
lafIa;%hla. tA ksidu fndfydauhla
mqoa.,fhd bkakj fï lafIa;%h uqo,a
miafia yUd hkak f;drd.;a;.tA
ksidu fndfyda fj,djg uu Wk;a
we;eï mqoa.,hka tlal lghq;=
lsÍfï ue,slula olajkjd. fudlo,
fndfydauhla mqoa.,fhda fï
we;sfj,d ;sfhk keUqrej tlal
m%ñ;shlska f;dr ckmo, WmlrK
iy tA wdY%s; foaj,a l+g jHdmdr
úÈhg lrf.k hkak mgkaf.k
;sfnkjd. tA úÈhg fï lafIa;%h
wjNdú;d lsÍu ksidu we;eï
frda. me;sÍu, fndfyda wdOqkslhska
fï lafIa;%h yer hEu jf.a foaj,a
olskak mq¨jka.
.eg¿j - ,dxlsl óueis md,kh
iïnkaOfhka rdcH ueÈy;a ùu
.ek Tn;=udf.a u;h l=ulao@
ms<s;=r - Tõ, uu l,ska i|yka
lrd jf.a ì÷Kqjej óueis md,k
m¾fhaIK iy jHdma;s uOHia:dkh
yryd uu ks;ru iïnkaO fj,d
lghq;= lrkjd. tA wdh;kh yryd
f,dl= fiajdjla isoaO fjkjd.
Tjqka óueis md,kh wdY%s;
m¾fhaIK j, ksr; fjkjd jf.au
m%cd óueis md,k taall m%p,s;
lsÍu iy tA yd iïnkaO lghq;=
b;d fyd| uÜgulska isÿ lrkjd.
Tjqkag we;a;gu ;sfhk .eg¨jla
úÈhg m%;smdok uÈlu f,dl=jgu
ndOdjla fj,d ;sfhk j. olskak
mq¨jka. b;ska tA wkqj n,oaÈ, ud
olsk úÈhg óueis md,k lafIa;%h
flf¾. fyd| úNjhla ;snqK;a tA
flf¾. we;s wjOdkh m%udKj;a
keye. tAlg tl fya;=jla úÈhg
wfma óueiaid tlal hqfrdamSh
óueiaid jf.a fydo ksIamdok
úNjhla keye lshk ñ;Hd u;hla
iudcfha ;sîu. fï wkqj n,oaÈ fï
lafIa;%h b;du;a fyd| uÜgulg
ÈhqKq lrkak mq¨jka lu ;sfhkjd.
tA i|yd ,efnk rdcH wkq.%yh
óg jvd jeäfjkjd kï fyd|hs
lshk u;fha uu bkakjd. fndfyda
jHdmD;s j, ;sridr njla ke;s
lu tu jHdmD;s j, ì|jeàug
fya;=fjkjd.
.eg¿j - ,dxlsl óueis md,k
lafIa;%h iu. n,oa§ úYajúoHd,
j, odhl;ajh m%udKj;a lsh,d
Tn;=ud ys;kjdo@
ms<s;=r - Tõ, wms l,skq;a i|yka
lrd jf.a, óueis md,kh iy tA
wdY%s; lreKq iïnkaOfhka hï
hï Wiia uÜgfï m¾fhaIKhka
,xldfj flß,d ;sfnkjd. kuq;a
th m%udKj;a keye. úfYaIfhkau
úYajúoHd, yryd m¾fhaIKhka
lsÍug we;s ksoyi iy wjia;dj;a
 ó ueiaid
myiqlï m%udKh;a by, ksidu tA
yryd m¾fhaIK isÿlsÍu b;du;a
jeo.;a. kuq;a tA fjkqfjka we;s
Wkkaÿj iy keUqre;dj .ek wmsg
i;=gq fjkak neye. úfYaIfhkau /
ðK wNsckkh, ñueis ksIamdokhka
fj; w.h tl;= lsÍu jf.a fndfyda
wdldr j,ska óueis md,kh .ek
m¾fhaIKhka lrkak mq¨jka. tA
i|yd úYajúoHd,h i;=j f,dl=
ld¾hNdrhla ;sfnkjd. kuq;a tu
j.lSu úYajúoHd,h u;u mjrkak;a
neye. fudlo, rdcH wdh;k jf.au
fm!oa.,sl m¾fhaIK wdh;k
j,;a m¾fhaIKhka i|yd m%;smdok
fjkalsÍfï§, óueis md,kh wdY%s;
fyda lDñ mdrd.kh iïnkaOfhka
flfrk m¾fhaIKhka .ek
bÈßfm< m%uqL;ajhla yïnfjkjd
wvqhs. b;ska tfyu m%;smdok
fhduqlsÍula isoaO fjkjd kï óg
jvd msßila fï wdY%s; m¾fhaIK
j,g fhduqfjkak mq¨jka.
.eg¿j - Tn;=ud olsk wkaoug
iudc udOHcd,d óueis md,kh
flf¾ we;s n,mEu fldfyduo@
ms<s;=r - we;a;gu fndfyda
jeäysáfhd olsk úÈhg iudc
udOHcd,d lshkafk krl n,mEula
;sfnk ;ekla yeáhghs. kuq;a fï
iïnkaOfhka .;a;u uu olskafk
PdhdrEmh :- ú.á.ta m%NdYajr
31
tys n,mEu fyd| wdldrhlskqhs uu
olskafka. fudlo, óueis md,kh
lshkafk m%fhda.sl lafIa;%hla,
b;ska fï lafIa;%fha tÈfkod
,efnk kùk oekqu fï iudc
udOHcd,d yryd wdOqkslhka fj;
yqjudre fjkjd. wmsg rEmjdysksh
fyda iudc udOHcd,d yryd muKla
óueis md,khg wjYH ish¨u
oekqu ,nd.kak neßjqk;a, fndfyda
lreKq b.k.kak tA wdldrhska
WmldÍ fjkjd. fudlo” óueis
md,kh lshkafk yßhg fmdl=Kla
jf.a lshkjfka, yeuodu wmsg
w¨f;ka bf.k .kak fohla
;sfhkjd. úfYaIfhkau ;reK
mrïmrdj lshùfuka wE;a fj,d
;sfhk fj,djl fndfydauhla
iudc udOHcd,d j, bkak ksid;a
fï úÈhg fï lafIa;%h .ek
keUqrejla we;slrkak mq¨jka
fj,d ;sfhkjd. úfYaIfhkau
óueiaid iy óueis md,kh .ek
we;s m%;srEmh fjkia fj,d
;sfhkjd. tA jf.au ksIamdolhd iy
mdßfNda.slhkaf.a iïnkaëldrl
udOHhla úÈhg;a fï iudc
udOHcd,d Ndú;d fjkjd.
.eg¿j - ol=Kq wdishd;sl rgj,a
j, hqfrdamSh óueiaid iy iajfoaYSh .eg¿j - óueis md,kh ms,sn|
ìÕ=ka jd‚cuh jYfhka tlu
m%foaY j, md,kh flfrkjd.
,dxlsl iudch ;=, kQ;kfha
hqfrdamSh óueiaid furgg f.k
tAug hï m%jk;djla f.dvkef.
ñka ;sfnkjd. Tn;=ud olsk úÈhg
fï m%jk;dj flfia fõúo@
ms<s;=r - Tõ, fndfydauhla ol=Kq
wdishd;sl rgj,a j, oekg
hqfrdamSh óueiaid Apis mellifera
óueis md,k l¾udka;hg fhdod.
kafka tA tA rgj, isud fjÉp tla
tla m%foaY j, muKhs. fudlo,
>¾ul,dmSh rgj,a j, foaY.=‚l
;;ajhka tlal hqfrdamSh óueiaidg
Tjqkaf.a kscìï ;=, ;rïu
fyd¢ka ksIamdokhla ,nd§fï
fkdyelshdjla we;sfjkak mq¨jka.
,xldj ;=,;a ñg fmr j;djl§
hqfrdamSh óueiaid fhdod.kak lrmq
W;aiyh wid¾:l jqKd. tA jf.au
tA úÈhg óueis úfYaI f.kajkjd
kï ,dxlsl kS;s moaO;sh yryd
wjir .ekSu ksjerÈj isÿúh
hq;=hs. tA ksid furg óueis md,kh
fjkqfjka iajfoaYSh óueiaid Apis
cerana indica jeäÈhqKq lsÍu yer
fjk;a wdldrhla id¾:l fõú
lsh, uu ys;kafka keye.
 ó ueiaid
j, ueá l, rel=,a úÈhg ;shkak lreKla. tA jf.au óueis md,kfha
b.ekaùï lghq;= lrk mqoa.,ka
mqreÿfj,d bkakjd. b;ska tA ksIamdokhka j,g w.h tl;=lsÍu
fyda wxYj, m%ñ;slrKhla we;súh
wkqj M,odhS;dj by, kxjkak .ek isÿúh hq;= m¾fhaIKhka
hq;=hs lsh,d Tn olskjdo@
óueiaidf. we;s jeo.;alu fndfyduhla ;sfnkjd. ,xldfj
ms<s;=r - Tõ, wms lafIa;%fha jev
.ek Tjqkag uQ,sl wjfndaOhla óueiaika iy wks;a ìÕ=ka úfYaI
lghq;= lsÍfï§ olsk we;eï ldrKd
;sfhkjd. tA jf.au iuyr f.dú j, ;sfnk iajfoaYSh .;s mej;=ï
tlal hï hï jerÈ u; iudc.;
mjq,a yqrefj,d bkakjd j.dfõ u,a ksid wmsg ´kEu óueis ckmohla
ùu nyq,j olskak mq¨jka. tA ksid
msfmk ld,hg óueis wrf.k óueis md,kh l¾udka;hg
tA iïnkaOfhka m%ñ;slrKhla
md,lhkaf.ka óueis fmÜá wkq.; lrkak W;aiy lsÍu yeu
we;súh hq;=hs lshk u;fha uu
b,a,f.k .sys,a,d ;ukaf.a j.dìï fj,dfju id¾:l fkdfjkak
bkakjd.
j, ;sh, miqj kej; ndr§ug. mq¨jka. tA ksid ,xldfõ tla tla
b;ska fï ixl,am jeäÈhqKq lsÍu;a m%foaY j,g wod,j ix.kkhka
.eg¿j - Tn;=ud olsk úÈhg
tlal wmsg mq¨jka fjk;a rgj, lr, óueis l¾udka;hg .e,fmk
,dxlsl óueis md,kfha wkd.;h
flfrk ixpdrl óueis md,kh jvd;a iqÿiq Ôj o¾Y f;dard.ekSu
iïnkaOfhka wmf.a j.lSu
furg ;=, jeäÈhqKq lrkak. tA wksjd¾h ld¾Kdjla. tA jf.au
fudloao@
jf.au myq.sh ld,fha we;sfjÉp jrK jevigyka Èh;a lsÍu yryd
ms<s;=r - óueis md,kh i,loa§
frda. me;sÍu;a tlal tAjdg ksis tA Ôjo¾Y jvd;a fyd| uÜgulg
wruqK wkqj wmsg úúO lafIa;%
úi÷ula ke;s lu ksidu fndfyda ÈhqKq lsÍu ld,Sk jYfhka b;du;a
Tiafia fufyhjkak mq¨jka.
ckmo úkdY jqKd jf.au fndfyda jeo.;a.
WodyrKhla úÈhg rcrg m,df;a
md,lhka óueis md,kh w;yeßhd.
fndfyda .ï m%foaY j, jÜglald
tA ksid wmsg bÈßfha§ tA i|yd ú.á.ta m%NdYajr
j.djka j, u,a yg.kakd ld,hg
;sridr úi÷ï fiùu w;HjYH
j.dlrejka úiska jÜglald fyaka

32
33
 ó ueiaid
Wl=iq wei
.Dy‚hf.ka ó ueiaidg - ó ueiaidf.ka .Dy‚hg
wE; w;S;fha mgkau ud;D uQ,sl
iudc l%uhla hgf;a f.dvke.=Kq
isxy, .eñ iudch, újD; wd¾Ól
m%;sm;a;s ksidfjka fï jk úg
Wvq hál=re ù we;. ish¨ ldrKd
uqo, u; ;SrKh jk fujka iudc
rgdjla ;=, f.ú,shf.a ld¾hNdrh
ldka;dj ;=,ska flfuka .s,sfyñka
mj;S. j¾:udkfha mj;sk fuu
iudc rgdj ;=, ldka;djkao /lshd
j, ksr; ùfï m%jK;djhla oelsh
yelsh. kuq;a th .Dy fiaúld,
weÕ¨ï lïy,a fiaúld, fj<|
iydhsld jeks jD;a;Ska lsysmhlg
iSud ù we;. kuq;a ksjfia isgu
mdrïmßlj mej;s ldka;djf.a
iudc j.lSïo bgq lrñka w;ñg
hyñka ire lr.kakd l%ufõo kï
fldf;l=;a we;so@ tA w;=ßka tla
jD;a;shla, tfukau úfkdaodxYhla
f,i ó ueis md,kh ye¢kaúh
yel.
.Dy‚hf.ka ó ueiaidg;a ó
ueiaidf.ka .Dy‚hg;a ;=,ska
ud iudc.; lsÍug W;aidy
.kafka wd¾Óluh Yla;shla we;s
udkisl uÜgñka by, .DyKshla
iEu ksjilu oelSu;a ó ueiaidg
wdrlaIs; mßirhla f.dv ke.Su;ah.
.DyKshka yg ksis mqyqKqjla yd
oekqula ,nd§u ;=,ska iudch
;=, b;d ir,j ó ueis md,kh
wdrïN l, yel. oekg ksfjia
j, isák .DyKshka yg ksjerÈ ó
ueis md,kh ms<sno wjYH Wmfoia,
mqyqKqj yd u.fmkaùu ,nd§ Tjqka
;=,ska kj ó ueis md,sldjka ìys
lsÍug iqÿiq ld,h Wodù we;.
.DyKshla f,i Tn;a wfkl=;a
.DyKshka fuka u,a j,ska w,xldr
f.j;a;la mj;ajdf.k hdug
oeä leue;a;la olajk wfhl= nj
fkdryils. ld,h, Y%uh, Okh
jehlr f.j;af;a w,xldrh Wfoid
oekg md,k lghq;= lrk u,a
34
(PdhdrEmh :- ßú`ÿ .=Kj¾Ok)
j¾Ok)
j.dj ms<sno fudfyd;la wjOdkh
fhduq lrkak. tys we;s fndfyda
u,a j,ska lsisÿ m%fhdackhla
;sfío@ nqÿkag ms§ug fkdyels,
if;l=g m%fhdackj;a fkdjk
wvqu ;rfï mßirhg iqjola tla
fkdlrk u,a j,ska we;eï f.j;=
msÍ we;. fuh ieneúkau lk.dgq
úh hq;= ;;ajhls. Tng yelskï
ì.= f.dapr Ydl yd u,a j,ska Tfí
f.j;a; w,xldr lr .ekSug th
mßirhg lrk w;s uy;a fiajdjls.
Tn ó ueis md,kh wdrïN lsÍug
n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk .Dy‚hla kï
uQ,slju ì.= f.dapr Ydl j,ska yd
u,a j,ska Tfí f.j;a; w,xldr
lr.kak. wk;=rej ;rula fijk
iys; f.j;a;la ks¾udKh lr
.kak. WÑ; Ydl Ndú;d lrkak.
fuu Ydl ixl,kh ;=, uOq iy
mrd. imhk fukau jir mqrd
f.j;af;a u,a yg.kakd whqßka
f;dard .;a Ydl wvx.= úh hq;=h.
tf,i ilid .;a f.j;af;a
jdihg iqÿiq ia:dk j, rel=,a ;nd
ksjerÈj wdjrKh lrkak. tu
rel=,a Tjqkag iqÿiq is;a
weo.kakd wdrlaIdldÍ ;eka úh
hq;=hs. f.j;af;a we;s ì.= f.dapr
Ydl fj; we§ tk ó ueiaika
ksielju Tjqkaf.a wjYH;dj mßÈ
jdiia:dk f,i tys ;nd we;s rel=,a
f;dard.kq ,nhs. fï lghq;= ish,a,
ksjfia isák Tng b;d myiqfjka
isÿlr.; yelsh. wjYH jkafka
Wkkaÿj, lemùu yd wjYH;djh
mu‚. ckmohla rel=,lg f.kajd
.kakd ;=re isÿlrk lghq;= ioyd
Tng Wmfoia yd oekqu
,nd.ekSu m%udkj;a jqj;a bka
wk;=rej isÿlrk lghq;= ioyd
ksis mqyqKqjla ;sîu w;HdjYH
jkq we;. fï ioyd iudc udOH
cd,d yd fjí wvú ;=, mj;sk
iuQy iu. iïnkao ùu, Tjqka
mj;ajk mqyqKq jevigyka j,g
iïnkao ùu, Wmfoia ,nd .ekSu,
kj oekqu ,nd .ekSu yd Tng
lsÜgqfjkau isákd ksjerÈ ó ueis
md,lhka ms<sno úia;r fidhd
.ekSu, Tjqkaf.ka wjYH iyh ,nd
.ekSu isÿl< yel. jeo.;au lreK
jkqfka fldf;l=;a Wmfoia ,nd
.;a;o m%dfhda.sl oekqu ,nd .ekSu
b;d jeo.;a ùuhs. ckmohla ksis
f,i fmÜá.; lsÍu tu ckmofha
wjYH;d fidhd ne,Su yd È.ska
È.gu ksjerÈj md,kh lsÍu ó
ueis md,lhl=f.a hq;=luls.
fuf,i Tn ksjerÈj ó ueis md,kh
isÿ lrkafka kï Tng, ì.=kag yd
mßirhg ,efnk m%fhdack w;s
uy;ah. uQ,slju wms Tng ,efnk
m%fhdack ms<sno fidhd n,uq.
Tng Tnf.a mjq,g W;aidyfha yd
uykaisfha ;rug wu;r wdodhula
,eîu. ckmo wf,ú lsÍu, ó
me‚ wf,ú lsÍu, ó me‚ wdY%s;
ksIamdok isÿlr wf,ú lsÍu, ó
bá ksIamdok isÿlr wf,ú lsÍu,
ó ueis md,khg wjYH fuj,ï
yd WmlrK wf,ú lsÍu fukau
fiajdjka ,nd§ uqo,a Wmhd.; yels
ùu fmkajd Èh yelsh. wjg Ydlj,
M,odj by< hdu ksis m%ñ;sfhka hq;=
ó me‚ mßfNdackh lsÍug yels
ùu, ksoyfia isák iEu úgu ì.=ka
iu. ld,h .; lsÍfuka udkisl
jYfhka Yla;su;a mqoa.,fhl= njg
m;aùu, ksoyfia isÿl< yels iajhx
 ó ueiaid
/lshdjla Tng ysñùu, ksIamdok
by< kxjd wdkhkh wju lr rfÜ
wd¾Ólhg odhl úh yels ùu.
Tn id¾:l ì.= md,lfhl= kï
Tfnka ì.=kag yd mßirhg
,efnk m%fhdack wmuKh. ì.=kag
wdrlaIs; mßirhla
f.dvke.Su, wdrlaIs; yd m%ñ;sfhka
by< jdiia:dk ysñ ùu, wdydr
iq,N ùu, ó ueis .ykh j¾Okh
ùu, frda. mSvdj,ska wdrlaId
ùu, iajdNdúl Wmøj j,ska yd
ydksodhl i;=ka f.ka wdrlId ùu,
le,E me‚ lvkakkaf.ka jk
ydksh wju ùu, w,xldr yd iqkaor
isis,a mßirhla mj;ajd .;yels
ùu, wjg mßirfha M,odhs;dj
by< uÜgulg meñŒu, jeks
lreKq fmkajd Èh yelsh.
j¾:udkfha ó ueis md,khg rdcH
wxYfha ueÈy;a ùu t;rï i;=gq
odhl uÜgul fkdue;. tfy;a
wm ixúOdkhù Tjqkaf.a iyho
,nd.; hq;=j we;. wju fjfyila
ord by< m%;sM, ,nd.;yels iajhx
/lshdjla f,i ó ueis md,kh
(PdhdrEmh :- iq§r nKavdr)
dr)
fmkajd Èh yelsh. rfÜ wd¾Ólhg
odhljk idvïnr, by< udkisl
;;ajhlska hq;= .DyKshla ;=<ska
iunrjQ, i;=g b;sreKq, wdrlaIdldÍ
leoe,a,la, mjq,g wu;r wdodhula,
iudchg ksjerÈ ksIamdokhla,
.eg¿ wju iudchla, M, nrjQ
w,xldr ó ueiaidg wdrlaIs;
mßirhla we;slrùug ksjerÈj ó
ueis md,kh isÿlrk .Dykshlg
yelsjkq we;. ó ueiaid hkq
jdikdfõ ixfÄ;hhs. .DyKsho
jdikdfõ ixfÄ;hhs. tA wkqj
ó ueis md,kh .Dy‚hka w;rg
f.khdfuka jdikdjg jdikdj
tlaù jdikdjka; wkd.;hla Wod
jkq fkdwkqudkh.

igyk - pñ, fiakdr;ak

35
 ó ueiaid
n,kafkmehs tAj .ek tk
wnrkaf.a ls,af,dagh jrekdj. lrefu lshkafk wdf;a
wfma rfÜ Wkaoe,;a Wv mek, nod
fldamam folla odykafld wms
.kafka le,E ó me‚ fkj. wfma
fokakg˜
Wkaoe,d ;du;a ys;x bkafka wms
´x Tfydu lshdf.k wnrx f.dhsshhs
óueys md,fkka yok me‚ j,g
udhs odx ,E,a,g frdla Wfka odx
jvd lef,x wekak tk tõj lÈuhs
wÈkaku fkfï lsh, fia;x Wkaoe
lsh,˜
kx bkaf;arefjkau okafkda b;sx.
— fld,af,da, tAl f.dvla Wkaf.a
—tAl fkfï fld¨fjda, lshykafld
fkdokak lu. Th uqo,s÷ ch;s,l
rg f;dg ú;a;s álla. Wfò wr
lshk W;a;fuhd tA ldf,a fï rfÜ
fmaia nqla o fudloao tfla fudlE
l|re;af;da md,fk mgx wrka
fjkafk fï áfla@˜
ldßh mqxÑfyaj uy;af;h jf.a
wïfuda wdf;a, fï ojia j, Wkaoe,d
W;a;fufhd ueÈy;afj,d ÈhqKq
tlaldiq fj,d iÕrdjla ;kkakhs
fldr, .;a; l,djla fkdje fïl.
hkafka. rfÜ f.dvla Èydj,a j,g
le,Efj ó lvkak hk f.dvla
ld,.=fKa j, lm, fkdjeæ tA ksid
f.dhsfhd hkafk w,s ur[a[x ldis
´x l|re;a;sfhdkag lEu fok yeá
.[a[x lsh, ys;dk. b;sx Wkaoe,d
.ek kx tughs˜
f.dyska wr óh mqÉp, lv, Wka
—yenEg@ tAl fyd|d. fkdokak
ysgmq ;ek;a jki, ldßh óh
Wkaoe,dg ´jd lsh, fok tl ;uhs
f.k,a,d wyjr fj,d, mKqfjd,
hq;= fldu. yenehs b;sx jeÈ nK kx
ueiafid tlalu frÈ f.dÜfg
foid nEj lsh, we;s fohla kE. Th
ñßl, wekak frdvq fndvq Tlafldu
lshk foaj,a tA Wkaoe,;a fldr,
tlal fnda;f,a od, fokakfk. ´j
n,, odkjkx ;j;a wf.hsæ˜
myq.sh fodfyau wfkdard jeiaihs l,a ;sfhkafk kE nx. mKq leo,s
—wïum wdf;a tAl yenEj.
yq,Õhs ldßh.æ b;sx wfha fudlE yskao kdla fjkj. ´j b;sx wfm
myq.sh fodyl wmQre l;djla .shd
lsh, fldrkako@@@lsßfldry Wkaoe,g lSjg jevlahe@ wksl
fkdje. tl f.dhsfhla lshdms ´x
kgkakhEæ hdka;x fia;x Wkaoef. nx f.dvla f.dhsfhd fldrkafk
wfma l|re;a;sfhd wr tAfrdmafma
lfvx wekak wdmq iSks jähhs wkakdis .eg tlal, ;j l<ukd
Wkajf.a tl ,Õ wÜá .y, yokag
my, .fya jrl biau äx.s;a;hs iSks lr fldr, od,d frdvq
fí;la Wkaoe yeÿj¨. wdf;a tAfl
yskao uf.a l|re;a;sfhda ál äx.la uqyq fldrk tlfka.wfma
fyd|u l;dj nx Wkaoe,d /ðK
fï wfyaksfha f.dv Wkd ´x. ;l;Sre f.dhsfhd b;sx fï frdvq
;kkafka fnfy;a úo,¨˜
úiaiúoHd, f.dysx bf.k .;a;g ál oelalfy ú.yg f.dysx nod
—fudld lsõjæ hflda tAl tfyu;a
fudlE ug .u od, hkag neßjqk .kafk ´l ;uhs. fldfydu Wk;a
fldrkak mq¿jkao nx@ux kx nx Th
tfla .ugu iskak fjÉÑ. tA;a ux fld,af,da, Tflx fïflx nfâ mdr
bkafclaika .yk ldßh okafk
W.;a tjhska ud;a hula fldrf.k jÈkafk óueys md,fka fldrk
kE ´x. fldfydu Wk;a yß yux
.fï Wxg;a fohla fldrf.k Wkaoe,dgu ;uhs. Wkaoe,;a b;sx
Wmdhla ke;=j ckmo fol ;=kla
hyñx Ôj;a fjfkda b;sxæ Wfoa Thsg jvd fohla fldrd kx fyd|hs
wÜá .y, uy ldf,hla kx w,a,
jrefju l=Uqr;a tlal TÜgq fj,d ´lg, lg n,shdk bkafk ke;sj˜
ysákafk kE nx. fudlE fï rfÜ tA
´x yekaoefldf¾ fia;x Wkaoef. —tAl ;uhs nx wdf;a. óueys md,fka
;rug ÿr hk l|re;a;sfhd keye
lvms, Èydg wdfj wnrx wd;d okak Wkaoe,d ´j lg lefvklx
fkdje’ wr WU ojila lsõjefy ´x
bkakjoehs úmrx fldrk .uxuhs. lsõj;a wfma Wx yefokafk kE
wfma Wkq;a tAfrdmafm Wx jf.a tl
fkdjeæ wksl wdf;a oex Th
úvg ye;eïu folla j;a .shd kx
—wd. wnrx wdf;a, fldfydfuhs fidndúl jdiia;dk j, ;sfhk ó
ldß kE b;sx’ ´j b;sx fj,|dug
b;sx@˜ lvk /,a,la weú,a, ´x. wmrdÈ,
fldrk Wkaoe,g kx ldß kE.
—wd fld¨fjda, wokx fldkao;a wfma Woúh lg Èj f.fjklx
.kak tld fkj keyekafkæ ljqre
tlal reodj nx Wvy j;af; lrla ldßh ´jfh úmdl lsõj;a fï
ljqre;a yßhdldr úÈhg Tõj Tmamq
.y,. fudlE Wfò jrl biau Wxf. ldis ;kaydj Tlafldgu
fldr, wyjr Wkdj fldrd kx
jefâ yß .shd fkao@˜ Wv. Wx wmQre fya;= yodk fmd,algq
weÕg .=Khs ´x˜
—Tõ wdf;a, wdfh lsß .yg ye¢ wekak jefâ fldrx hkj˜
—tAl yenEj wdf;a. wfma Wkaoe,;a
wekakefy jefâ lïuq;=hsæ˜ —´l fkj fld,af,d wnqoaOiai
b;sx Wv odk yeu tlgu fydahsh
—tAlfka fld¨fjda ux lsheõfõ. ldf,a ,nq;a ;s;a; fjkj lshkafk.
fkj. fï ojia j, .crdfug
fia;x uf,fhd, ´x Th lyg n,yx, Tfydu fldrdu wdfha fï
le,E ó leä,a, hkj wdf;a.
36
 ó ueiaid
iïuÊcd;sfha kx mßif¾g Tfrd;a;=
fok l|re;af;d yefokafk kE.
wfma ;l;Sre Wkaoe,d Th fldrk
wuk jefâ ksid ´x n,yx, uu
wo lsõjefy u;l ;shd .ksx.
f,daflg n;a §mq wms wo tAfrdfmka
yd,a f.akakkakefy l|re;af;d;a
tAfrdmafmka f.akak fjhs jeä l,a
fkd.sysxæ˜
—´j Wfoa box yekaoe fjklx
wkka; nqoaO foaikdj jf.a lshkj
wdf;a wfma Wkaoe,d. lSjg jevla
kE fkdjeæ Tlafldgu ymx fkdje
iuyr Wkaoe, fok Tjox. fï
jix.f;;a tlal b;sx fndfydauhla
Woúh l|re;af;d f.j,a j,
yokak mgx .;a; fkdje. b;sx
Th uy m<fjkshg bkak iuQy
j, Woúh;a ´x yß yßhg Woõ
fldrkj uqkaoe,ag oex˜
—yenEgæææ tAl kx mxldÿhs
fld¨fjda. fudlE fï hk
fihshdjg bkaf;arefjxu biairyg
wdKavq riaidj,a ySk ú;rhsæ oEf;
uyxisfhka fldr.kak fohla
;uhs ´x msysgg tkafka.fldfydu;a
fld¨fjda, óueys md,fka fldrk
Woúh ó ueiafid jf.au ;uhs
´x. yex.s,a,la kE. fndlafl
;sfhk tl;a weo fokj. yenehs
b;sx Th wiafia bkak fydrekaf.
ka .e,fjkak;a ´k. u;l fkj,
jx.shla tl l¨l=udf¾la óueys
md,fka fldrkak weú,a, lrmq
yÈhlaæ wka;sug mjq,a mxi,a
37
ye¢.Eú,d lïuq;= fjkak f.dysx
fndfydu wurefjka .e,jqfka ´xæ˜
—wïum wdf;a tAl yenEjæ ;j
äx.s;af;ka wkka; fma%u nDx.
rdfch lïuq;=hs .=á wek,u. tAl
fkfï nx wdf;a, wr bá i,U
ixyÈh .ek wmQre l;djla wdmyq
.shdfk myq.sh fodfya˜
—wd WU ug lsheõfõæ tAj b;sx
iyiqoafoka l;d fldrd fkj
l,sx. yß ryg jeo.;afldu lsh,
;snqK¨ fkao@ wdx tAlhs fld¨fjda
lshkafk, l÷re;af;da wdx ndx lrk
Wkaoe,g yßhkafku fidndoyu
yßyeá f;rex wrx .shdu ;uhs.
tfyu ke;sj ;Kaydjg TÜgq Wkdu
wka;sfï jßf. kyf.k ;uhs
k;r fjkafkæ Tlafldagu jvd
wfm ;reK mrïmrdfj f.dìf,d
lshjkak fydrhs fkj. ke;akx
Th id;a;f¾ okak Wkaoe,d lshk
,shk tõj wmQrejg lsfhda, fï
id;a;f¾ iEfykak b.k .kak
neßheæ˜
—tl fjf,alg wdf;a, ñksiaiq
fmÜá ó me‚ wmq, lrkafku
wfmau Wx lrk w¨.=;af;are jev
yskao nxæ˜
—tAl yenEj, tAl yenEjæ oex
n,yxfld, iuyr Wkaoe,d meKs
l,ju úl=K,d tfyx. fufyka
i;sfhx foflx Èrk fmÜá §,.
;j wyl /ðKla ke;s l÷re;af;d
frd;a;la lf¾ .y, rjÜg,. ;j
tflla rel=, fmÜáhg odkakefya
(PdhdrEm :- ßú`ÿ .=Kj¾Ok)
j¾Ok)
/ðK mkakx .sys,a, wE nx fï
iqoaof.a ldf,a wj,x lu wdmq
Wx fïj fldrkak .sys,a, wks;a
Wxf.;a jßf. kykj fkjæ
fkdolsxæ˜
—lsh, jevla kE nx wdf;aæ ´j b;sx
wms wmsu l;d ny fldr, wyl,
msßhx fldr.;af; ke;a;x tAl;a
fyfkag lerflkj isl=rehs ´x˜
—tfykx tfykxæ tAl fkj
nx ud;a lshkafkæ uqx l;sld
fldrf.k fï l=Kq lkao,a ál
wyla fldr.;af; ke;a;x mqf;da,
fï riaidj j,m,af,u ;uhs ´xæ
´x Th b,;a;gqj .ksx fuydgæud;a
úgla ymdf.fku me,a fldfÜ
Èydg .dgkak lsh, fld¨fjda.˜
—yd wd;d wo me,a rlskjhs@ud;a
fï iSks f;a fld, weìkaola tlal
.s,xmi l,ukd f.kshkak wdfj
wdf;a. fyg fmare odfk fkdje
wfma wyska. .sh me‚ uqf¾ me‚
neyemq jo álla nqoaO mQcdjg
;shkag lsh, ys;dk bkafk ux
´x.˜
—wfka idOq. wfka idOq tAj hq;=lx
´x.˜
—tfykx wdf;a f.dysx t[a[x.
wfh jx.shl l;d fldruqflda
j.;=.˜
—tAl hihs ufh mqf;aæ f;rejKa
irKhs ´x tfykx.
ldf. ldf.;a ls,af,dag j, yqKq
weìka|la ;sfhkjfka nx˜
ú¡á¡ta m%NdYajr
 ó ueiaid

f,da ì`.= ú;a;s

iajhsxl%Sh ìÕ= md,k tall iy
óueis md,kfha wkd.;h
ld¾ólrKh iy ;dlaI‚l
úma,jh yryd udkj l%shdldrlï
fndfyduhla hka;% iQ;% u.ska
m%;sia:dmkh ùu kQ;k hq.fha
ñksid yg t;rï wreuhla fkdfõ.
w;S;fha oEf;a ùßh fhdod isÿ lrk
,o fndfyduhla lghq;= kQ;kfha
;dlaIKh leá fldg.;a hka;%
iQ;% yryd isÿùu fya;=fldgf.k
jvd;a ksjerÈ iy l¾hlaIu
uÜgulg meñK we;s j. fndfyda
mqoa.,hskaf.a u;hhs. flfia kuq;a
ish¨ hym; iy jdis iu. we;eï
oreKq .kfha wjdis iy wk;=re o
fuu l%ufõohka iu. Wreujk
whqre Tn wm tÈfkod Ôú;fha§
ksr;=rej u olsuq.
we;sjk iqúi,a uQ,Huh yd uQ,sl mshjr, wiajkq fk,Su, ckmo
› ,dxlsl ó ueis md,kh i,lk
jHdmdßl ydks wju lsÍu olajkq j, we;s .eg¨ fj; ms<shï fh§u
úg kùk ;dlaIKh iy tA wdY%s;
,efí. kQ;k hq.fha ridhksl hk lreKq isÿ lrkq we;.
WmlrK Ndú;h iy ;dlaIKh
Ndú;h yd mokï jQ lDIsld¾ñl ienúkau furg mj;sk ;;ajh iy
ms,sn| we;s keUqre;djho b;du;a
lghq;=, ld,.=‚l úm¾hdi iy wdl,am wkqj fujeks ;dlaI‚l
w,am uÜgul ;sîu ó ueis md,k
wfkl=;a ld¾ólrKh wd§ jQ l%ufõohla wkq.; lsÍug W;aiy
lafIa;%fha ukao.dó;ajh flfrys
wys;lr n,mEï fya;=fjka Èfkka oeÍu mjd ld,h ld oeóula f,i
fnfyúka n,md we;s nj fndfyda
Èk my< hkq ,nk f,dal óueis we;eï úoj;=ka u; m< lr;s.
úoaj;=kaf.a u;hhs.
.ykh jvd;a l¾hlaIu iy id¾:l flfia kuq;a fuu.ska jvd;a ÈhqKq
fuu ,smsh yryd wm Tn le|jdf.k
f,i md,kh lsÍu fuu ;dlaIKh jHjidhl ìÕ= md,k moaO;shla
hkq ,nkafka f,dj jvd;a
yryd b,lal lrkq we;. f.dvk.d .; yelsjkq we;.
úma,jldÍ ;dlaI‚l fidhd.ekSï
fuu moaO;sh i;=j wvx.= jk flfia kuq;a ,dxlsl weÜgr ìÕ=ka
iy úoaj;=ka imsß foaYhl wmg
ud¾..; frdafnda ;dlaIKh iy fujeks ;dlaIKhla fj; mqyqKq
yqre ìÕ= md,kh kqyqre f,iska
ixfõol moaO;sh yryd ojfia meh lsÍu .f,ka mÜghla .kakd fia
myiq lrk whqre fmkajd§ughs.
24 mqrd ish¨u ìÕ= ckmo ìÕ=ka jkq we;s nj kï ksielju lsj
BY%dh,a iud.ula jk ^BEE WISE&
fj; lsisÿ wjysrhlska f;drj yel.
iud.u úiska ks¾udKh lrk,o
mÍlaId lsÍu iy jd¾;d lsÍu isÿ
ìÕ= ksji mQ¾K f,i u frdfnda
fõ. fuys§ tla tla wjia;d j,§ ú.à¡ta m%NdYajr
;dlaIKh fhdod .ksñka iajhx
ìÕ=ka úiska we;s lrkq ,nk .=uq
md,khg k;= lrk ,o ìÕ= md,k
.=uq Yíofha we;s fjkialï, jo
tAllhla fõ. fuu moaO;sh ;=,
rduq j, wvx.= wys;lr lDIsridhk
hqfrdamSh ìÕ= ckmo ^20& la muK
m%udKhka, jo rduq iy ms,d jo j,
tljr ia:dk .;fldg kv;a;=
jHqyfha we;sjk fjkialï, frda.
l< yel. fuu tAllh
iy m,sfndaO wdidok fukau tu
f.dvke.Sfï uQ,sl wruqK f,i
ckmo j, tla tla ìÕ= l=,hkaf.
j¾Ifha úúO ld, jljdKq j,§
yeisÍu rgd j, we;s yÈis
ìÕ= ckmo úúO fya;= ksidfjka
fjkialï fuf,i ksÍlaIKh iy
ì| jeàu iy yÈis yerhdu jeks
j¾:dlrKh isÿfõ. fuys§ fuu
ixisoaê je<elaùu iy tu ixisoaê
moaO;sh u.ska ckmo lÜá fn§fï
fya;=fjka óueis md,lhka fj;
38
 ó ueiaid

weis Èis udkfhka

Tíng
iela nDDâ jhsrihg ms,shula,
úfoia m¾fhaIK weiqßka
ffjrih wdidokh ùu isÿ fjhs.
iela nDDâ jhsria frda.h ,xlsl meyeÈ,sju ckmoh i;= mrd. iy
fukau f,dj jgd ìÕ= md,lhska me‚ ffjri me;sÍu iy wdidokh
fj; iodld,sl udrhd le|jQ frda. yd iïnkaO;djla ojkq ,nhs. fï
hla f,i oelaùu jrola ke;. wkqj ndysr mßirfha isg iqyqUq,a
ukao h;a, fuu ffjrih kQ;kfha ìÕ=ka fj; ffjri me;sÍfï tla
f,dalh wdl%uKh lrñka ;u m%Odk ud¾.hla jkafka u,a uOq
wkil m;=rjkq ,nk fldfrdakd iy mrd.hs.
ffjrih fiau ó ueis m%cdj fj; fu;eka isg úia;r flfrk
úkdYh lekaokq ,enQ frda.hla m¾fhaIK lreKq iela nDDâ jhsri
njg m;aj ;sîuhs. tf,iu furg wdidokfhka miq ckmo kej;a h:d
fukau fndfyda rgj,a j, úoaj;=ka ;;ajhg f.k tAu i|yd fhdod .kq
úiska úúO m%;sl¾u w;ayod n,ñka ,nhs. fuu m¾fhaIKh fldßhdfõ
ckmo ì| jeàu.
isák w;ru fuu ,smsh ;=,ska cd;sl lDIs úoHd welvñh i;= ìÕ=
flfia kuq;a, fuu ffjri ms,d
furg ìÕ= úfYaIh jk Apis cerana ckmo 33 la fhdod .ksñka 2014
wjê j,g myiqfjka wdidokh
Indica fj; m¾fhaIKd;ulj jif¾ isÿ lrk ,oaols. fuys§
ùu iy wk;=rej Tjqkaf.a
;yjqre fkdl,o fldßhdfõ Apis uQ,sl f,iu fhdod .kakd ,o
wkaf;dÉp¾uh (endocuticle)
cerana ìÕ=ka fj; wdidokh uQ,O¾uh jQfha wdidokhg ,lajQ
bj;a ùfï l%shdj,sh je,elaùu
jk fldßhdkq iela nDDâ jhsria ckmo, ms,d wjê rys; ;;a;ajh
ksid ;r, /iaùu u.ska ms,jdf.a
frda.h fj; w;ayod ne¨Kq ;j;a hgf;a Èk 7-8 mj;ajd .ekSuhs.
j¾Okh wvd, ùu;a tA fya;=fjka
tla id¾:l md,k l%uhla ms,sn| úfYaIfhkau wdidokhg ,lajQ
Tjqka ñh hdu;a isÿfõ
úia;r flfrkq we;. ckmoh i;= Èk folla jhi lSg
iela nDDâ jhsria frda.h i<lk wjê ish,a, bj;a jk f,i lghq;=
úg§ th Iflavirus >khg wh;a ie,iSu fuys§ wruqKq lr.kq ,nhs.
jk ffjrihla jk w;r furg ukao h;a iela nDDâ jhsrih jvd;a
;=, we;eï m%foaY j, iS>% f,i il%Sh f,i wdidokh jkqfha fuu
me;sfrñka we;eï md,lhka fj; wjêfha isák lSg wjëka fj;
ìÕ= md,kh jy lÿre ;;a;ajhg ksidfjks. fuys§ wdidÈ; ckmo
f.k tkq ,nk jix.;hla f,i 14 ^wêl f,i wdidÈ; ckmo
oelaúh yel. fï i|yd úi÷ï 10 la iu. wju uÜgñka wdidÈ;
f,i úúO l%ufõohka bÈßm;a ckmo 4 la f,i& f;dardf.k
flreKq kuq;a fndfyda l%ufõo j, (PdhdrEm :- k§c fk;air)
r) ish¨u ckmo ;=, wdidÈ; uÜgu
id¾:l;ajh ms,sn| .eg¿ u;=jk iu;=,kh i|yd ckmohka i;=
iqyqUq,ka i;=j úlikh jQ wdydr
wjia;d oelsh yel. m,uqj furg jo rduq ckmohka w;r udre
Ô¾K moaO;shla we;s ksid tys wvx.=
fndfyda md,lhka i;= iela nDDâ lrkq ,eîh. tys§ ish¨u ckmo
ys;lr laIqøÔùka u.ska fndfyda
ffjrih ms,sn| uQ,sl oekqj;aNdjh i;= tAld.%;djhg ydks fkdjk
jHdêckl laIqø Ôùka jH¾: lsÍu
fuf,i oelaúh yel. whqßka fuu l%shdj,sh isÿlrkq
isÿùu ksidfjka fndfyda úg
iela nDDâ jhsrih ms,sn| furg ,eîh. wk;=rej fuu ckmo 14
iqyqUq,a ìÕ=ka fj;
fndfyda md,lhka i;= nqoaê f.dapr ldKav follg fnok ,§ ^ckmo
fuu.ska we;sjk ydksh wju úh
lrKq f,i, 07 ne.ska& m,uq ldKavfha ckmo
yel. flfia kuq;a lSghka i;= Ô¾K
ffjrih u.ska ìÕ=kaf.a ms,d ;=, isá /ð‚hka ish,a, tu tla
moaO;sh úlikh i|yd m%:u mshjr
wjê j,g we;sjk ydksh iy tla ckmoh ;=, ;enQ wegjqula ;=,
;nkafka fyo ìÕ=ka ,ndfok rdc
ms,jqka u,a,la f,i ñh hdu, wvx.= fldg ;nk ,§. fuys§ tu
c,a,s iy mrd. me‚ ñY%Kh u.sks.
ffjrih jeäysá ìÕ=ka yryd wegjqfuys /ðK l+vqj ;=, /|jQ
tys§ Tjqka yryd lSghka fj; fuu
fyda jefrdajd uhsgd yryd me;sÍu, /ðK iu. iSks ødjKhla iy
39
 ó ueiaid
wod, ckmo ;=, iela nDDâ jhsri lrkq ,enQ ckmo fj; ielanDDâ
;reK fyo ìÕ=ka miafofkl=
wdidokh uehs isg wf.daia;= udih jhsrih kej; wdidokh ùfï
wvx.= fldg Èk 8la /ðK ckmoh
olajd jvd;a iS>% f,i j¾Okh jQ fõ.h b;du;a wju w.hla
;=, ì;a;r oeóu j,lajd ;nk
nj;a th tu ckmo j¾Ol iuh f.k ;snq‚. tfiau tys§ /ðK
,§. fojk ldKavfha ckmo 07
miq lrñka isàu fya;=fldgf.k m%;sia:dmkh i|yd f;dard .kakd
i;= ish¨u /ð‚hka w¨;ska
ks¾udKh jk wêl f,i .%dyS /ðK fldaI jrKh lrk ,o ckmo
y÷kajdfok ,o /ðKfldaI j,ska
wjÈfha miq jk lSghka fya;=fjka j,ska ,nd .ekSu yryd ielanDDâ
m%;sia:dmkh lrk ,§. fuu
isÿjkakla nj;a tys§ ksÍlaIKh jhsri wdidokh 90] olajd md,kh
/ðK fldaI jrKhg ,la fldg
úh. tfiau fuu by, wdidok l, yels j.o mQ¾j m¾fhaIKj,ska
wNsckkh lrkq ,enQ /ð‚hka
fõ.h fya;=fjka by; lS ld, ks.ukh fldg ;sì‚. tA wkqj
wvx.= tAjd fõ. wk;=rej ish¨u
iSudjka ;=,§u iela nDDâ jhsri iajdNdúl mßirfha we;s fyda ìÕ=
ckmo i|yd ffoksl iSkS ødjH
wdidokh ksidfjka ckmo Whka i;=j we;s ielanDDâ jhsri
fmdaIlh, iSks(c,h 2:5:3 hgf;a
ìojeàfï fõ.ho jvd;a by, i|yd jvd;a m%;sfrdaë ckmo j,ska
imhk ,§. bka miq fuu ish¨
f.dia ;sì‚. mQ¾j m¾fhaIKj,ska fuu /ðKfldaI ,nd .ekSu isÿ
ckmo iela nDDâ jhsri kej;
fy,s lr.;a mßÈ tl wdidÈ; l< yel. jvd;a ÈhqKq myiqlï
wdidokh ùu iy ckmo ì|jeàu
lSgfhl=f.a ffoysl ;r,h hgf;a jrK jevigykla yryd
hk ixisoaëka i|yd i;s 3 i;s 5
ñ,s.a?ï 01 ;=, wvx.= ffjri wod, frda. m%;sfrdaë m%fõ‚o¾Yh
iy i;s 7 hk ld, jljdkq ;=,§
m%udKh u.ska fjk;a ksfrda.S iys; ckmo f;dard.ekSu iy tu
ksÍlaIKh lrk ,§. m%;s-wdidokh
ckmo 1000 uq¿ukskau wdidokh ckmo j, cdk uqyqï lsÍu yryd
ùu, uQ,sl iela nDDâ jhsria
lsÍfï yelshdjla we;. tneúka tA i|yd jvd;a m%;sfrdaë /ðKla
wdidok ,laIK ksÍlaIKh lsÍu
jix.; ;;ajhla we;s lsÍu i|yd ìys lr.ekSu isÿ lr.; yel.
u.ska y÷kd .kakd ,o w;r m%lD;s
iela nDDâ jhsrih wdidokh jQ tla by; m¾fhaIKfha§ /ðK wvx.=
;;a;ajhg m;ajQ ckmo, tu ckmo
lSgfhl= m%udKj;a jk j. ñka lsÍu u.ska lSg ckkh iSud l,
i;= uqøs; bá jeiau iys; l=àr
meyeÈ,s fõ. ckmo 07 i;=j ielanDDâ jhsri
iys; jo u.ska o y÷kd .kakd ,§.
fuu m¾fhaIKfha ,o ksÍlaIK m%;s widok fõ.h idfmalaIj by,
fuu m¾fhaIKfha§ ,nd .kakd
wkqj m¾fhaIK kshÈ j, wvx.= w.hla .ekSu fya;=fjka
,o ksÍlaIK lsysmhls. tkï,
jQ ckmo w;r /ðK m%;sia:dmkh /ðK m%;sia:dmk l%ufõoh

(PdhdrEm :- k§c fk;air)

r)

40
 ó ueiaid
ielanDDâ jhsri md,kh i|yd
fuu l%ufõo oaú;ajh w;=ßka jvd;a
WÑ; l%ufõohla f,i ks.ukh
flß‚.
by; úia;r flreKq m¾fhaIKfha§
ielanDDâ jhsrih widokh md,kh
lsÍu i|yd ffcj md,k l%ufõohka
w;ayod ne,s‚. furg ;=, fuu
l%ufõoh ksjerÈ m¾fhaIK rduqjla
;=, w;ayod ne,Sfuka wk;=rej
ks¾foaY l, hq;= jkafka by; lS
41
m¾fhaIK ;;a;ajhka iy ffcj
wx.hka furg tu lreKq iu.
fjkia jk neúks.
ielanDDâ jhsrih i|yd ì;a;r@@@
iela nDDâ jhsrih i|yd fhda.Ü
tlla@@@ jeä úia;r bÈßfha§
n,dfmdfrd;a;=jkak.
ù¡à¡ta m%NdYajr
È,sKs ;laIs,d