INVERTERS AND APPLICATIONS

Student Name/ID Number Trần Tuấn Hiếu – 20151275

Lại Anh Hải – 20151272
Lê Nhật Chương – 20151236
Subject Electrical equipment and code:
pneumatic
Academic Year 2022 – 2023
Subject Assessor Ta Van Phuong
Assignment Title Inverters and Applications
Assessor Signature: Date:

I. INTRODUCTION TO INVERTERS

1.1 Introduction to inverters, VFD?

I.1.1 What is an inverter? VFD?
- A power inverter, inverter or invertor is a power electronic device or circuitry
that changes direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC). The resulting AC
frequency obtained depends on the particular device employed. Inverters do the
opposite of rectifiers which were originally large electromechanical devices
converting AC to DC
- A variable-frequency drive (VFD) is a type of motor drive used in electro-
mechanical drive system to control AC motor speed and torque by varying motor
input frequency and, depending on topology, to control associated voltage or
current variation. VFDs may also be known as ‘AFDs’ (adjustable-frequency
drives), ‘ASDs’ (adjustable-speed drives), ‘VSDs’ (variable-speed drive), AC
drive,…

I.1.2 Major parts of inverters and their functions

An inverter has 3 main parts: rectifier, capacitor filter, inverter
- Rectifier: The wave’s direction and magnitude changes periodically over time
since alternating current is a sine wave. Therefore, a bridge rectifier, is used so
as to pass electricity in a forward direction to convert it into direct current.
- Capacitor filter:  full-wave rectification by itself cannot produce a smooth
waveform as traces of the alternating current and rippled voltage fluctuations
will remain. Therefore, in order to clean these up, the capacitor is repeatedly
charged and discharged, gently smoothing and changing the waveform close to
that of direct current
 - Inverter: The inverter circuit then outputs alternating current with varying
voltage and frequency. The DC/AC conversion mechanism switches power
transistors such as "IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor)" and changes the
ON/OFF intervals to create pulse waves with different widths.

I.1.3 Some specific applications of inverters

- refrigeration compressors
- Solar inverter
- HVAC system
- Food machinery
- Textile machinary
- Printing machinary

1.2 Structure of an inverter

1.2.1 Block diagram of the inverter

1.2.2 Functions of parts in the block diagram

Converter part: the converter circuit converts the AC to DC and then repeatedly
charges and discharges the capacitor to create a stable DC
Inverter part: the power inverter circuit converts the DC to AC at a desired
frequency and voltage for output.
1.2.3 Terminology: Power Circuit, Control circuit, OP, BOP, AOP, terminals?
Power circuit: A power circuit provides significant electrical capacity to operate
something that does a lot of work, for example high power heaters or multi-
horsepower motors. There is a load or loads that consume X watts of power to
perform a function
 Control circuit: A control circuit is a lower, single phase power line that could also
be as low as 24V that provides a much lower level of power to operate control logic,
contactors, displays, relays, and communications.
OP: The OP can be fitted to and removed from the inverter whilst power is applied.
The OP does not have an individual UL listing. When the OP is fitted to the inverter
the complete unit becomes a UL listed system.
BOP: with the BOP, individual parameter settings can be made. Values and units are
shown on a 5-digit display. A BOP can be used for several inverters. It can be directly
mounted on the inverter or in a control cabinet door using a mounting set.
AOP: The AOP enable parameter kits to be easily read and modified in contrast to the
BOP, the value and meaning of the parameters can be directly displayed as plain text in
several languages by fast scrolling of the address
The AOP is directly plugged into the inverter or communicates with the latter
through a door mounting kits. Together with the “AOP door mounting kit for multiple
inverters”, the AOP permits bus communication with up to 30 inverters at a transmission
rate of 38k baud
Terminal: Inverter terminal is a kind of connector, and the types are divided into
single hole, double hole, socket, hook, etc. From the material, copper-plated silver,
copper-galvanized, copper, aluminum, iron, etc. Their role is mainly to transmit electrical
signals or conduct electricity

1.3 Methods used to set up command and setpoint for the inverter.
P0700 “Selection of command source” (table 3-2)
P1000 “Selection of setpoint source” (table 3-3)
P0719 “Selection of command/frequency setpoint” (table 3-4)
II. APPLICATIONS
II.1Introduction to a specific inverter (Siemens MicroMaster 420)
2.1.1 Describe the power input and output circuits

Figure 1
 L1, L2, L3 are 3 phases source input.
 U, V, W are 3 phase output which is connected to induction motor.
 The input source can be single phase or 3 phases.

Figure 2
  The control terminal includes:
o 3 digital inputs + 1 (via select analog input as digital input)
o 1 digital output
o 1 analog input
o 1 analog output

Figure 3
2.1.2 Functions of BOP

Figure 4
 Figure 5
2.1.3 Functions of digital and analogue inputs and outputs
 Digital input

 Digital output
  Analog input
o Defines type of analog input and also enables analog input monitoring.
o Value scaling in V or %
o Defines filter time to smooth ADC time.
o Defines width of deadband on analog input.
o Defines time delay between loss of analog setpoint and appearance of fault
code F0080.
 Analog output
o Defines function of the 0 - 20 mA analog output.
o Defines smoothing time [ms] for analog output signal.
o Permit absolute value.
o Defines type of analog output.
o Value scaling in V or %.
II.2Set up command and reference to operate the inverter from BOP
2.2.1 Power and control circuit connection

Connect
BOP to
inverrter

Figure 6
 Figure 7
Motor selection:

Figure 8
2.2.2 Set up parameters to control the inverter
 Reset parameter to default:
 Set parameter P0010=30 to factory reset
  Set parameter P0970=1 to reset default parameter.

 Set parameter of motor:

 Set parameter P0304=230v to set rated motor voltage

 Set parameter P0305=5.9A to set rated motor current

 Set parameter P0307=1.5kw to set rated power of motor

 Set parameter P0310=50Hz to set rated frequency of motor

 Set parameter P0311=1420rpm to set rated motor speed

  Set parameter to operate the inverter from BOP:
 Set parameter P0700=1 to select command source from BOP

 Set parameter P1000=1 to select setpoint from BOP

 Set parameter P1040=50Hz to set the desired frequency

II.3Set up command and reference to operate the inverter from Terminals

2.3.1 Power and control circuit connection
 Figure 9

Motor selection:

Figure 10
2.3.2 Set up parameters to control the inverter
 Reset parameter to default:
 Set parameter P0010=30 to factory reset
  Set parameter P0970=1 to reset default parameter.

 Set parameter of motor:

 Set parameter P0304=230v to set rated motor voltage

 Set parameter P0305=5.9A to set rated motor current

 Set parameter P0307=1.5kw to set rated power of motor

 Set parameter P0310=50Hz to set rated frequency of motor

  Set parameter P0311=1420rpm to set rated motor speed

 Set parameter P0700=2 to select command source from terminal:

 Set parameter P0701=1 to ON/OFF motor

 Set parameter P0702=12 to reverse motor

 Set parameter P1000=2 to selecr frequency setpoint from POT (analog input)

 Set parameter P0757=0 Hz to select frequency at 0v

 Set parameter P0758=0% t0 select 0% speed at 0v

 Set parameter P0759=50Hz to select frequency at 10v

 Set paramerter P0760=100% to select 100% speed at 10v

II.4Types of the feedback signal of the inverter
2.4.1 The function of digital feedback signals?
The digital feedback signal function is to tell the system whether the device is ON
or OFF. Such as IR sensor, the feedback signal is 0 (OFF) or 1 (ON). From that signal,
the control will control output to get the desired setpoint.
2.4.2 Set up parameters to get desired feedback signal from digital outputs
Select parameter r0747 to display status of digital output

2.4.3 The function of analogue feedback signals?

The analog feedback signal function is to tell the system the level that the device
is working. Such as temperature sensor, with each celsius the output voltage will
increase 10mV. From that signal, the control will control output to get the desired
setpoint.
2.4.4 Set up parameters to get desired feedback signal from analogue outputs
Set parameter r0785 to display analog output
II.5PID controller in the inverters
2.5.1 Introduction to the PID controller in the inverter
A PID controller is a control structure that attempts to adjust a specific
controlled variable (pressure, temperature, etc.) to a specified setpoint (PID
setpoint). To do this, the controller needs information about the current status of
the system in the form of a measured value (pressure sensor, temperature
sensor, etc.). This signal is called PID feedback.
This control structure usually has three components: P = Proportional, I =
Integral and D = Differential.
PID setpoint equal to PID feedback ==> no change of frequency at the
inverter.
PID setpoint greater than PID feedback ==> increase of frequency at
inverter.
PID setpoint smaller than PID feedback ==> decrease of frequency at the
inverter.
2.5.2 Applications of the PID controller in the inverter
PID controller in the inverter is used to control AC motor at required setpoint.
Some applications of PID in the inverter: controlling pump, conveyor, air compressor,
fans, …
2.5.3 Connection diagram for a specific application
 Block diagram of application:
 Figure 11
 Circuit connection:

Figure 12
Pump selection: 10Kw, 2900rpm, 2 poles
Pressure sensor selection : Siemens QBE9200-P10

Figue 13

Figure 14

2.5.4 Set up parameters to use the PID controller for the application
 Set parameter to reset vfd (the same as part 2.3)
 Set motor parameter
 Set parameter P0307=10kw to set rated power of motor

 Set parameter P0311=2900rpm to set rated motor speed

 Set parameter to control from Terminals
 Set parameter P0700=2 to select command source from Terminal

 Set parameter for ananlog input

 Set parameter P1000=2 to selecr frequency setpoint from POT (analog
input)

 Set parameter P0757=0 Hz to select frequency at 0v

 Set parameter P0758=0% to select 0% speed at 0v

 Set parameter P0759=50Hz to select frequency at 10v

  Set paramerter P0760=100% to select 100% speed at 10v

 Set paraemeter to use pid

 Set parameter P2000=1 to enable PID controller

 Set parameter P2240=100% to use PID MOP

  Set parameter P2253=2250 to use PID MOP as PID setpoint

 Set parameter P2264=755 to set analog input as PID feedback

 Set parameter P2280=kp

 Set parameter P2285=ti

 The controller does not have td

 Set ramp-up time for PID setpoint = 4s in order to avoid motor speed up
too fast, which causes over current.

II.6Control the inverter using PLCs

2.6.1 Draw the connection diagram between PLC and inverters
 Select PLC siemens S7-1200 12dc/dc/dc + module 4AI/2AQ + HMI
 Power circuit
 Figure 15
Motor selection:

Figure 16
2.6.2 Program for PLCs control and monitor the inverter
 Set parameter for vfd
 Set parameter to reset vfd (the same as part 2.3)
 Set motor parameter (the same as part 2.3)
 Set parameter for vfd to operate from terminal
 Set parameter P0700=2 to select command source from
terminal:
 Set parameter P1000=2 to selecr frequency setpoint from
analog input

 Set parameter P0757=0 Hz to select frequency at 0v

 Set parameter P0758=0% t0 select 0% speed at 0v

 Set parameter P0759=50Hz to select frequency at 10v

 Set paramerter P0760=100% to select 100% speed at 10v

 PLC program
 Network 1: analog signal processing

The frequency runs from 0 Hz to 50 Hz corresponds to 0v to 10v.

 Network 2: control motor
 As the start button is press, the motor will run. If the stop button is
press, the motor will stop.
 HMI program

Start
button Set
frequency

Start
Status of
button
motot

Add links to download catalogues or manuals of inverters

1) Inverter MicroMaster 420 :
https://cache.industry.siemens.com/dl/files/400/24523400/att_33783/
v1/420_OPI_24523400_en_1006.pdf
https://inverterdrive.com/file/Siemens-Micromaster-420-Parameter-List
2) PLC s7-1200 :
https://cache.industry.siemens.com/dl/files/465/36932465/att_106119/v1/
s71200_system_manual_en-US_en-US.pdf
3) Pressure sensor :
https://www.smartheating.cz/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Siemens-Service-List-
%E2%80%93-Differential-Pressure-Sensor.pdf