Answer - 1

Material resistance refers to the strength, stiffness and durability of the device elements. In
resistance of materials, bodies are treated as deformable bodies. The resistance of materials
is also called the mechanics of deformable solids. Includes resistance of materials, theory of
elasticity, theory of plasticity, theory of creep. Materials resistance solves many issues and
savings issues. In the resistance of materials, it is necessary to choose a calculation scheme
to calculate the strength of the real object. A simplified real object is called a computational
scheme. When choosing a calculation scheme, simplifications are made in the geometric
dimensions and shape of the real object, the properties of materials and the forces applied to
the device elements. Materials resistance solves many issues and savings issues.

Answer - 2
The material from which the device is made is considered homogeneous. A material with the
same properties is called a homogeneous material. Objects are viewed as whole
environments. According to this hypothesis, a body that is incompressible before
deformation remains incompressible after deformation. Bodies are assumed to be isotropic.
Objects that have the same physical and mechanical properties in all directions are called
isotropic objects. Metals are considered isotropic. Many building materials with a fibrous
structure have different properties in different directions. For example: wood and some
plastic materials. Such materials are called anisotropic materials.
In an uncharged body, the interaction forces of molecules are not taken into account.
According to the nature of the deformation, the following are accepted:
a) displacement of points of the object is very small compared to its dimensions.
b) relative stretches, as well as relative slips (slip angle) are very small per unit.
c) the displacements obtained as a result of the deformation of the body are directly
proportional to the forces that create these displacements
The principle of initial dimensions - According to this hypothesis, the dimensions of the
body do not change when drawing up the balance equations of statics in bodies undergoing
small deformations.
The principle of independence of the effect of forces - According to this principle, when
several forces are applied to the body, the internal forces and deformations caused by the
effect of each of these forces are determined separately and are summed up as a result.
Saint-Venant's principle - According to this principle, the distribution of internal forces at
sufficiently far distances from the point of application of the force does not depend on the
nature of the application of the force.

Answer - 3