Dasar Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Sesi 7: Aspek perilaku masyarakat dan sosial terkait

kesehatan masyarakat

Dr. Daniel, M.Sc.

Departemen Perilaku Kesehatan, Lingkungan, dan Kedokteran Sosial
FK-KMK UGM

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 1. Dasar-dasar Kesehatan Masyarakat dan
Lingkungan
2. Penyakit terkait Kesehatan Masyarakat dan
Lingkungan
3. Analisis kesehatan lingkungan
4. Dampak pembangunan dan urbanisasi
terhadap kesehatan lingkungan (1)
Daftar sesi 5. Dampak pembangunan dan urbanisasi
terhadap kesehatan lingkungan (2)
6. Manajemen risiko lingkungan dan
pendekatan multi-barrier
7. Aspek perilaku masyarakat dan sosial terkait
kesehatan masyarakat
8. UTS

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 Pengantar perilaku manusia

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Explaining the HWT Behaviour/adoption/practice

Karakteristik
sosial - ekonomi

Faktor psikologi

Perilaku

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Behaviour / adoption of technology ??

Regularly /
Repeatedly
Behaviour
/ Habit
Intention / Action
Motive /
Will

Adoption of technology
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Psychology of people according to economic theory
● In economics, demand = willingness + ability to purchase goods
● Willingness (often) comes first, then ability -> government (often) create ability first and then/but
not willingness (e.g., relocation to flats) (?)
● Community involvement / empowerment / development -> Q: Does government invest money and
time on this (?)
● Pattern: People have low willingness, low ability, and have no options/preference (?)

Economic perspective
Psychology perspective

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Contoh teori perilaku: RANAS

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Contoh penerapan RANAS → merokok

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 Jenis intervensi/program

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Jenis-jenis intervensi

Hardware VS Software
Behavior, policy,
monitoring, training

Technology and infrastructure

Q: (1) Which one is more common and why?

(2) If you are the donor, which one do you choose and why?

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 vs soft

Pattern: We are bad at operation & maintenance (?)

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 vs soft

● Hard solution is mostly effective and sustainable in the context of developed

countries / the “enlightened” people
● Historical institutions → Culture → Economic development (Tabellini, 2005) →
The influence of historical / colonial knowledge (Octavianti & Charles, 2018)
● Choosing hard or soft solution need to consider culture

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 vs soft Solution for flooding in Jakarta
• Polder
● Hard solution: infrastructure, technology, etc. • Naturalisasi sungai

● Soft solution: people (behaviour, attitude, • Normalisasi sungai

perceptions, performance, etc.)
● Pattern: Solution for Jakarta’s flooding is
(always) hard solution (?)
• Infiltration wells + drainase vertikal
• Banjir kanal
• Sodetan sungai
• Community empowerment / development
Q: which one is least popular (?)

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 Contoh analisa perilaku
lingkungan

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 Jakarta flooding

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Social aspect: People perception regarding flooding
● Delay effect to realize the risk: (1) knowledge of causes, (2) vulnerability (probability), (3) severity
(consequences)
● Adibroto (2018): knowledge is good, but vulnerability (1.6 out of 5) < severity (2.5)
● Pattern: Indonesian has high resilience / endurance / adaption (accustomed to flooding) + has “too
positive” perception (in a bad way) (?)
● To minimize the delay effect: campaign / public education -> public awareness
● Naturalisasi – normalisasi -> need Relocation or Eviction (=Penggusuran)

Trust
+

+ Campaign / public
Governance + education
+ + Public
+
Socio-economic + awareness
development

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https://news.detik.com/berita/d-6589453/alasan-warga-di-cawang-jaktim-terpaksa-bertahan-
meski-langganan-banjir

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 The adoption of household water treatment
(HWT) in East Sumba

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East Sumba at glance

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Sumba (WASH situation in rural area)

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● Issue: Many people still drink untreated water
● Data source: household interviews, focus group discussion, stakeholder
interviews

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Teori perilaku: RANAS

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 Open defecation

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Pengaruh budaya terhadap perilaku sanitasi

Contoh kasus Sumba, NTT

• Konstruksi rumah adat tidak
mengakomodasi WC
• Kepercayaan soal diare

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Menstruation and WASH

Menstruation hut in Nepal (source: abc.net.au and BBC website

In some areas, menstruating woman has difficult access

to proper WASH service → perception: dirty/impure

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 Gender, disability, and social-inclusion (GEDSI)

• E.g.: Female-friendly toilet

• Importance of female-friendly
toilet during menstruation
period
• Gender-separated toilets for
communal toilet
• Girls don’t want to go to
school during the period due
to insufficient toilet
• Inclusive sanitation for
disable: with lock, no hole,
with lamp, water, soap, bin,
support tools

https://disabilityhorizons.com/2016/03/disability-and-independence-creating-an-accessible-bathroom/

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Keterlibatan komunitas dalam proyek lingkungan

• Harus ada kontribusi

modal 30% in-cash
(dana) dari
masyarakat
• Keterlibatan 40%
perempuan dalam
pengurus

Kontribusi / partisipasi Rasa kepemilikan Keberlanjutan

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 Q: Any question or comment? What
take home messages you get?

Contact: daniel01@ugm.ac.id
Find out more about my research/publication: “D. Daniel”

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