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Chapter 1-3 FINAL NA IDE-DEFEND
Chapter 1-3 FINAL NA IDE-DEFEND
Platform
Economy in the lives of the Delivery Riders
in Daet, Camarines Norte
by:
Estayo, Jerome P.
Octa, Mary Angelie D.
de Vera, Bryan A.
Abarca, Geia P.
Camino, Regine T.
Data, Angielyn A.
Gluda, Hanna Mae C.
Modino, John Carlo S.
Saithip, Ma. Isabel I.
Arevalo, Gerelle P.
Tabigan, Luel R.
Alamag, Mark Glenn E.
Madera, Juan Miguel B.
Manzano, Genie Rose D.
Mendones, Luk L.
Porcincula, Karen P.
Sapico, Missy L.
Jacob, Riza Mae
Ubana, Kristine Marie C.
2023
Chapter 2
INTRODUCTION
Delivery service industry is one of the growing industries today. With the
unprecedented advent of the pandemic along with its previous rules of contactless
of people are relying heavily on the services that this industry provides. People
are becoming used to indirect transactions whenever they buy something from the
store. A big factor of that is the emergence of the platform economy. This is
where the internet plays a very crucial role. As the world has now welcomed the
has become part of the commerce where stores are now available and positioned
online. In just a few clicks, the purchase is done. The level of convenience
transactions using the internet. All these activities are now revolving around the
platform economy.
the delivery riders. Compared to the traditional distribution process, the platform
platform economy will substantially affect the lives of delivery riders, depending
on the job experience, compensation, and even social status with regard to digital
pandemic. With the continuous rise of the platform economy along with e-
commerce where people frequently order online, delivery riders are always on the
go. Because of that, traditional and conventional ways of delivery are starting to
with buying goods and services online, reinforcing the move from physical to
high importance in order for an order to reach its destination. Therefore, the
the great benefit that delivery riders have given to this economy.
Platform economy has created more job opportunities for delivery riders.
However, in terms of the law, digital platforms are under legal conditions and
obligations that are needed to be consistently done for every delivery rider
Philippines, and Republic Act No. 11058, the Department of Labor and
Employment has issued Labor Advisory No. 14 series of 2021 which is the
income but this also implies that its influence is gaining a wider reach through
activities. Filipinos are now buying things online more frequently than before.
With the increasing number of orders online, more delivery riders are often
needed. Lardizabal-Dado (2022) said that plenty of workers are being attracted by
accumulating workers very quickly due to the fact that it is easy and efficient to
Business establishments like fast food chains, restaurants and even supply stores
present in Daet have integrated the system of online orders in business operations.
That is why delivery service is fast-growing and has created more opportunities
for delivery riders not only in the municipality of Daet but in the whole province
In the last few months, different distribution companies have established multiple
branches in different municipalities of the province and are continuously
growing.
which suggests that despite its rapid development, the knowledge about their
delivery riders give huge benefits to the platform economy. However, the
information about the benefits that delivery riders get from the platform economy
is not that comprehensive and transparent. This situation raises concerns about
compensation, labor conditions, and even social status. These are all with regard
riders which the current study is going to address. For that reason, the researchers
are optimistic that the study's findings on the problem are going to provide
riders.
According to the researchers, the findings of this study may benefit and
Delivery Riders. This study could help broaden their vision and influence
their perspective of how the platform economy affects their lives. It will also help
them understand the importance of acquiring knowledge more about the platform
innovative idea or suggestion regarding how to enhance their delivery drivers and
how economic and societal effects of the platform economy impacts the company
and its employees, which may help them in developing new plans and regulations
Department of Labor and Employment (DoLE). This study could help the
affects the lives of the delivery riders' economically and socially. Additionally,
this will serve as a foundation for building concepts and methods for the progress
of delivery riders.
Local Government Unit (LGU). This study could help the Local
Government Unit in increasing its capability and performance. This will bring
fresh knowledge and may shed new light on how to enhance service delivery in
riders.
Marketing students. This study could help marketing students gain a better
economy, which have a direct impact on delivery riders' daily lives. Additionally,
it may offer students deeper insights and value of platform economy that they can
use in learning how to promote themselves and their work in the distribution
explore the economic and societal effects of platform economy in the lives of the
delivery riders. Additionally, this will enhance their knowledge about platform
additional knowledge for their research. Additionally, it will guide the future
The study will explore the economic and societal effects of platform
2.1 Labor,
3.1 Inequality,
3.3 Education,
This study will explore the economic and societal effects of platform
economy on the lives of delivery riders of Daet, Camarines Norte. Therefore, the
researchers will limit the current study on delivery couriers’ riders. The researcher
motorcycles in Daet, Camarines Norte, for the year of 2020-2023 based on the
will also have a total of ten (10) registered distribution companies in Daet, for the
respondents. This process will be done primarily with those involved in business,
especially the motorcycle delivery courier riders itself that can provide credible
information. The researchers will use a face-to-face interview to collect sufficient
The researchers will perform the study from April 2023 to May 2023 in
fulfill the study's objectives. Gantt chart is a chart which has a series of horizontal
lines showing the amount of work done or completed in a certain period of time in
relation to the amount planned in those periods. It also shows the start and finish
dates of several elements of a research project. It will also benefit the researchers
in scheduling since it allows them to readily identify work to be done, delays, and
includes a Gantt chart that depicts the quantity of works or tasks performed over
time. It will also allow the researchers to determine the missing resources and the
information that had to be gathered. It also helped the researchers assess the
development of the study. Through the use of it, the researchers know when to do
certain tasks, when the results need to be submitted. Following the schedules on
This chapter will present the related literature and studies that are relevant
determine the similarities and differences between the previous studies to the
serve as a basis for relevant information and adapt findings to make the results as
valid as possible.
To validate the results of this study, the researchers will review the
researchers that can give input to this paper. The researchers delimit the related
literature sources to studies directly and indirectly related to the study’s nature
and problems. Economic effects, societal effects, platform economy, and delivery
riders as the sub-topics that will be discussed to understand the importance further
or bearing to the present study are mostly the sources of information included in
this chapter.
Economic Effects
studies estimate the total dollars, jobs, and household income generated in an
economy due to a new activity. This proves that it is a tool to help policy,
added transmission channels through which the shocks will adversely affect the
of goods and services and indirect impact working through financial market
shocks and their effects on the real economy thus, household wealth will likely
fall, savings will increase, and consumption spending will decrease further.
Therefore, transmission channels tell us how the virus takes control of its host.
In the article of Shretta (2020), stated that the Organization for Economic
dealing with the economic fallout of the COVID-19 pandemic for years to come.
mechanisms to protect the most vulnerable from economic ruin and to sustain
a bid to contain the virus. This proves that it will lead to higher unemployment
The online news article of Hanushek and Woessmann (2020), stated that
there are two related streams of long-run economic costs that are central to the
discussion about lost learning during pandemic. This proves that the relationship
the COVID-19 Pandemic,” results suggested that countries that implemented non-
are implemented, the better are the economic and health outcomes.
Spanish fishery also bring significant economic effect in small and micro-
the Economic Effects of the European Landing Obligation on the Spanish Fishery
in the Celtic Sea,’’ analyzed the potential economic effects of the landing
obligation on the Spanish fleet fishing in the Celtic Sea. The findings revealed
that the landing obligation has a significant economic impact on small and
coincide with a drop in diesel prices that helps smaller companies maintain high
profitability.
In the study of Liu and Li (2023), entitled, “An Economic Analysis of on-
owners and for-hire gig workers in the sharing economy. Study showed that
collaboration between the two platforms can offer a Pareto improvement when the
that Indonesia’s economic condition is considered quite ready and stable to face
the threat of global economic crisis in 2023. The research suggested that
maintaining the supply of basic needs at the community level, building economic
stability.
inoperability input-output model (PIIM), to show that (1) sectors that suffer
inoperability levels higher than directly affected sectors over time; (3) the
lost revenue and other cash shortages, extended collection times, issues with
logistics, delayed or canceled projects, disrupted supply chains, and labor access,
among others). Therefore, when firms who have been negatively affected by the
pandemic recover, this can also increase the rate at which the economy bounces
back.
collective bargaining. The study finds that collective bargaining at the enterprise
revealed that while resettlement projects offer positive benefits, they also yield
the resettled population. The study suggested that it is therefore important that
resettlement plans.
of Santiago City,” findings revealed that both types of respondents perceived that
positive impacts are beneficial in the four areas (social, economic, cultural, and
environmental) are advantageous to the community and that negative impacts are
a moderately serious matter to warrant attention from the local government and
the residents. Study also showed that there are no significant differences in their
The study of Dofitas et al. (2022), entitled " Stigma, Psychosocial and Economic
from the perspective of patients, contacts, and key informants in two areas of the
Philippines. Results revealed that aside from the physical discomforts and
and promiscuity. These have led to loss of employment and income opportunities
Societal Effects
revolution asserts that through ICT advances and increased tradability of services,
creation, gender equality, and poverty reduction. The emergence of global service
production networks integrates outlying regions into the global economy and
enabled activities in business, politics, and social interaction. This proves that
are already having significant effects on society, markets, and enterprises, and that
Furthermore, in the article from Sociologica (2020), claims that the rise of
digital platforms is viewed through the lens of three fundamental drivers that
accelerated the great shift toward marketization: technology, science, and the
state. This proves that the emergence of platforms is driven by the digital
infrastructures of cloud computing, big data, and algorithms; and while markets
to perform social reality through their broad application. Platforms, like markets,
are not natural, but are the result of constant political battles that mold the
the government, corporations, and citizens is crucial not just for helping the
Philippines in adapting to the post-COVID-19 world, but also for achieving the
and the digitization of its processes and procedures, which will help promote
stated that the rapid growth of the use of digital platforms for business and e-
commerce in our society is called Platform economy. It especially tells the story
of how digital platforms have been used by women in our society to cope with the
Societal Effects," stated how digital platforms are currently regulated under EU
law and maps the main regulatory challenges that their operation is raising in the
study suggests that the regulatory challenges that arise from platform employment
of platforms over workers; and the low wages facing many platform workers.
sellers, and specialized service providers. The increased economic and business
Digital Economy in Asia? Critical Assessment and Research Agenda,” stated that
attributes of nations, societies and economies, as a basis for framing our ideas. We
consider research directions prompted by data analytics and AI, the platform
The study of Ulbrich et. al (2021), entitled, "Exploring the Dark and
digital technologies have been used by civil society groups such as Human Rights
environmental groups such as the World Wildlife Fund to protect animal species
violence, politics, psychology, poor people, tourism for the novel coronavirus
disease.
and the platform economy is partly attributed to network effects, i.e., more users
making the platform more valuable. The e-commerce market, however, does not
solely depend on the extent of internet users. There may be issues of trust about
best” paradigms. This may be why, before the pandemic, e-commerce had
maintaining a safe environment for the people in the society. Despite the
emergency, the use of "emerging technologies" holds great promise for the future
exploitation: Study on the Platform Workers in the Big Economy in PH," the
driven innovations in the means of production. We have also seen that the
technology in the hands of the elite and in the name of profit do not benefit the
working class. That is not to say that the technology is inherently bad, for it is not.
Rather, the elite and the capitalist societies have taken advantage of science and
technology to advance their interests. The precarity of work still exists in many
countries and societies but the wages of the workers have not increased
significantly when compared to the increase in the wealth of the richest capitalist
in the world.
The same happened when computers were brought into society massively and this
phenomenon, known as the Solow Paradox, had already been observed in the
Work in the Digital Labor Market," due to the rapid technological advancement
and increased internet connectivity in the 2000s, people across countries have
activities are now referred to as the ‘platform economy’ or ‘gig economy’ that
have allowed us to carry out various economic activities online, such as ordering
of food and groceries, booking a ride or home cleaning services, or buying other
remote freelancing services. Indeed, digital platforms have become one of the
Platform Economy
consists of social and economic activity that platforms support. Many have been
enthusiastic, arguing that platforms can increase productivity, lower costs, reduce
provide flexibility and accessibility for workers, and be especially beneficial for
less developed countries. Therefore, arguments against platforms include that they
can worsen technological unemployment, that they help to replace traditional jobs
with precarious forms of employment that have little to no labor protection, that
they may cause declining tax revenues, and that too much platform use may be
powered by the Internet, cloud computing, big data, and the Internet of Things. A
stated in this article that platform economy is an economy where human activity,
impact of this preference can be seen on employment. Platform businesses are fast
becoming the largest employers. This proves that most businesses today prefer a
platform business model because of faster growth, higher efficiency, and better
on this article the operation of digital platforms that examined their effects across
various industries, and examined the experiences of the Philippines and other
nations, with a focus on e-commerce and platforms for ride-hailing and delivery
for attaining inclusive and sustainable economic development. This proves that
the economy as well as society will continue to change in ways that people cannot
yet completely predict due to the rise of numerous digital platforms and the
digital platforms have overcome many of the constraints that traditional platforms
According to the study of Xiaolan F., Elvis A., & Pervez G. (2021),
expansion of digital platforms has both positive and negative effects on how
society develops. On the one hand, the platform economy offers a wide range of
options for customers. Additionally, digital platforms have the ability to promote
and platforms. The study acknowledges the economic significance and variety of
goods and services. In addition, leading platforms may now not only develop and
experiences. The development of digital service platforms, despite being new, has
recently made great progress, but many dimensions of digital platforms' service
quality have not been well-known yet. Therefore, companies also show that
platform design.
"Analysis of the Digital Platform Economy Around the World: A Network DEA
Model for Identifying Policy Priorities,” stated that this study major findings
show that platform economies are highly varied among countries, which raises the
result in more successful outcomes. If the goal is to establish a strategy that seeks
to qualitatively improve the system, then policies aimed at boosting the digital
platform economy should arise from the understanding of its key characteristics.
Based on the study of Soriano et al. (2022), entitled, "The rise of worker
stated that there has been a rise in labor dissatisfaction among employees in the
transportation and delivery sectors of the platform economy during the past year,
despite the fact that the early years of the platform economy in the Philippines
were considered as a promise for the creation of jobs. The findings of this study
The study of Quimba et al., (2020) entitled, "Digital Divide and the
Platform Economy: Looking for the Connection from the Asian Experience,”
found that some groups of people have easier access to computers and the
internet, such as men, those who are more skilled/educated, those who reside in
urban or affluent areas, those with high levels of trust, and those who own assets.
The digital divide can be seen as a determinant for the use of digital platforms as
material access and skills access affect how digital platforms will be used and
how their activities are embedded in systems of social and societal relationships
and how they conceptualize their main functions and actions in relation to their
wider setting, is still insufficient despite their significant and influential role in
shaping our economic as well as sociocultural world. This paper argues that
shows the function of a new type of worker influencers in the digital labor
industry who advocate for the sustainability of platform labor locally despite its
unstable and uncertain conditions. The study suggests that these effective tactics
unstable market. Therefore, the study demonstrates how these techniques also
how local planetary labor markets are constituted in terms of labor mobility or
social instability.
wonderful equalizer that gives women and other groups have more possibilities to
Given the higher rate of women's participation, smaller pay gaps, and increased fl
exibility that can help women balance their care and financial responsibilities, the
platform sector's rapid growth could result in significant "gender dividends."
Therefore, these developments caused discussions on how these aspects of
digitalization could impact economic geography of various nations and create new
Concept, Indicators, and Issues," states that measures of the platform economy
have broad policy implications for ensuring that the platform economy's positive
data misuse due to digital footprints left on those sites. Lack of confidence in how
platforms handle and store personal data might make platform users hesitant to
electronic commerce, as has been the case in the Philippines. Furthermore, given
services and goods, governments should be aware of the dynamics in the platform
economy.
Delivery Riders
Riders In Food Delivery And Courier Activities (2023) determined the growth of
digital courier services including the food delivery has become a necessity in
viruses to get an income that supports the everyday needs. The government
implements a policy to counter that kind of risk. It is called Labor Advisory No.
14, series of 2021 on July 28, 2021 to set out guidelines on general labor
standards, occupational and safety and health standards, as well as better working
conditions, for delivery riders in food and courier activities using digital
that despite the flexibility of delivery jobs are exploitative and stressful because
into poverty, so the riders cannot afford to lose the job even though the workload
is stressful. In the time of Covid-19 lockdown the delivery services get the peak
digital innovation that positively affected the way of living of every Filipino and
the service provided in that situation. Take into account the widespread usage of
food delivery services that not only made it possible for customers to eat, but also
for businesses to remain open during lockdowns and shutdowns. The rider, who
ordered goods or services to your door, is at the other end of the business cycle.
Another article issued by Esquire (2022) stated that Filipinos are using
Grab as a new search engine to discover new brands and dishes. Even at lunch,
the online food service is convenient to every Filipino. In that instance the food
the current issues of GrabFood courier the transport network vehicle services
to be an essential companion in the daily lives of most of us, especially during the
early months of the pandemic. This is due to the digitalization of our daily lives
In the study of Andal JR. P. (2022), entitled, "Thesis About Food Delivery
food delivery services affect the traditional restaurant. The advanced food online
ordering system has transformed the restaurant culture and created a new class of
C. et al (2022), found out despite the bad condition of the body some of the
risks like dirt roads, a lack of traffic signal, presence of wandering animals and
Experiences and Challenges Faced by Food Delivery Riders Amidst the COVID-
respondent. The respondents are struggling with the pandemic, particularly how
it has affected their psychological states, which has driven them to plan and set
psychological level.
Click: The Experiences and Challenges Faced by Food Delivery Riders Amidst
and also give an stressful situation for the respondents. They are struggling with
the pandemic, particularly how it has affected their psychological states, which
has driven them to plan and set boundaries for themselves. Furthermore, the
respondents always choose to have courage and faith in the face of trials and
Students Amid the Pandemic and Its Implication to Online Learning Education,''
simultaneously. Due to the financial problem they enter the delivery work to
enable them to sustain the necessities. Proper scheduling is a big factor that helps
Characteristics Between Food Delivery Riders with and Without Traffic Crash
Experience During Delivery in Malaysia,”' stated that young and full time riders
are highly involved in traffic crashes on the road. Due to the less experience of a
young respondent have a high risk of traffic crashes. Through this study the
agencies will have a guideline to design and develop awareness programs for the
target respondent.
The study entitled, "Optimization of Rider Scheduling for a Food Delivery
subdivided the municipal level region into smaller sub-regions and sub-time
periods and used an ALNS heuristic to find a near-optimal solution. And found
out that fewer delivery riders were required than in the current system. Savings
after using the model totaled 4200 CNY. The proposed model and algorithm can
each subregion.
faced by the respondent are grouped into a grounded model that includes
determined, some of the problems with the ODFD supply chain are inherent, but
COVID-19 has revealed and exacerbated them dramatically, while other problems
based Food Delivery in Paris Before and During the Pandemic: Profile,
delivery is primarily and temporary activity carried out by young males of foreign
accidents, according to data on mobility patterns. Many couriers break the law in
order to increase their income by riding motorized two-wheelers, which are not
Regulating the work of all the respondents, not just bike riders, necessitates a
combined with the imbalance created by the platforms' structure, has resulted in
an increase in the number of cases being brought at the national level. As for the
the conclusion that the previous and present study contains similarities in terms of
exploring the economic and societal effects of platform economy on the lives of
delivery riders and some differences to the current study as further discussed.
it discussed that interventions in the early stages of the pandemic appear to have
strategies that protect restaurant owners and for-hire gig workers in the sharing
economy.
The study of Vella Anggresta is similar to the objectives of the present
study on maintaining economic continuity in the real sector. The study of Yu et al.
(2020) created a model which is similar to the study of Hidalgo et al. (2021) that
address the need to account for the long-lasting disruption caused by the
Puram O. et al. (2021) and Defossez D. (2021) COVID-19 has revealed many
financial sustainability.
The gap in the studies is that there is a lack of sufficient studies about
economic and societal effects that faced by the delivery riders on daily basis,
studies for economic effects and societal effects needs to be more precise since it
need of more specific focus since it is a broad term. While, in delivery riders,
there is a lack of specific types of delivery riders, therefore, there is a need for
more comparison on the different delivery couriers. Lastly, this current study will
fill these gaps by identifying the economic and societal effects that the delivery
riders faced and the benefits of the platform economy to the lives of the delivery
riders in Daet, Camarines Norte while investigating the insights with regard to
platform economy toward the lives of the delivery riders and the benefits of these.
Theoretical Framework
Braveman (1970’s), Conflict Theory by Karl Marx (19th Century), and Diffusion
accomplishing the objectives of this study and to analyze the role of platform
commodities that can be sold to make a profit. It analyzes the management and
control and how these are used to reduce the power the working class have. This
theory will focus on the labor process, wherein delivery riders are materialized or
objectified based on their use on the platform economy. It will also help identify
the connection and concerns between delivery riders and the economy.
Conflict Theory by Karl Marx developed in the 19th century, states that
social order is maintained by domination and power, rather than by consensus and
conformity. This theory also views social and economic institutions as tools of the
struggle among groups or classes, used to maintain inequality and the dominance
of the ruling class. In addition, this theory wants to understand how power
relations shape the opportunities and wellbeing of the society. It seeks to explain
the wide range societal phonema that workers - in this study delivery riders, are
facing. This theory will help understand how platform economy and society
affects the lives of delivery riders through conforming to the societal beliefs on
1962, sought to determine how an idea or product gains momentum and diffuses
through a specific population or social system. The end result of this diffusion is
that people, as part of a social system, adopt a new idea, behavior, or product. The
researchers will use this theory in order to understand how platform economy
diffuse such information by using delivery riders as one of their means to connect
with the society and grow. This theory will also be used in order to identify the
guide the researchers in delivering its purpose and objectives. Labor Process
Theory will help identify how the economy affects the lives of delivery riders in
the platform economy. Through Conflict Theory, the study will determine what
are the societal effects the delivery riders are experiencing. Lastly, Diffusion of
downward arrow because it will provide necessary information that will help
Diffusion of Innovation Theory which is the center and highlighted part of the
paradigm for it will be one to help this study identify the connection between
Innovation Theory is connected through the outcome of the study for it will
identify the positive effects of platform economy to the delivery riders lives.
doesn't mean that it will be the only one used. The information gathered by using
the Labor Process Theory and Conflict Theory will also be beneficial to know the
between independent and dependent variables. This section will represent the
Independent variables are the variables that the researchers can manipulate
the economic and societal effects of platform economy in the lives of delivery
riders. First, this includes the profile of the respondents in terms of sex, age,
the economic effects that delivery riders are experiencing in terms of labor,
macroeconomic instability, low growth, lack of fiscal space, and lack of quality
jobs; third, to identify the societal effects that delivery riders are experiencing in
effectiveness of the platform economy to improve the lives of the delivery riders
are dependent prior on the tested results of the independent variables. In this
diagram below to join together as a whole the effects of the variables have to one
another. The lines are used to form a unit between all the indirect variables to
each other. This means that the orders of one of the independent variables
The circle in the middle of the square represent the dependent variable
which are the capacity development program that will introduces the benefits of
the platform economy in order to assist delivery riders in gaining more knowledge
and abilities.
variables and their relationship with each other will have a direct impact on
program.
Figure 2. Conceptual Paradigm
Chapter 3
METHODOLOGY
This chapter constitutes the methods and procedures that will be used in
gathering the relevant data about the respondents, instruments needed for
obtaining responses, and statistical tools employed for analyzing and interpreting
Research Design
surveys and collect data about the vegetable farmers. McCombes (2022) defined
is likely to provide rich insights in determining and elaborating the roles of green
to ensure that the study will accurately describe the activities in farming, the green
encountered, and to analyze how well the green marketing contributes to the
The respondents of this study are the vegetable farmers residing at Daet,
Camarines Norte. The qualified respondents of the study are the Municipal
Agriculture office-registered of the selected municipality, Daet, Camarines Norte.
Vegetable farmers are defined as vegetable growers that perform routine tasks on
vegetable farms or market gardens, such as cultivating and fertilizing soil, and
Based on this idea, the researchers are able to conceptualize vegetable
farmers as vegetable growers who ventured to raise and harvest vegetables for
profit. This study focuses solely on farmers that raise a variety of vegetables,
including beans, potatoes, corn, carrots, tomatoes, lettuce, peppers, etc. in Daet.
Considering that the vegetable farmers in Camarines Norte are residing in Daet,
according to the Municipal Agriculture office. Aside from that, it will be more
In selecting the respondents, the researchers will use purposive sampling to
Data Collection
the study. This is made up of variables produced from thorough study analysis
and conclusions, which were then integrated into its indicators along with relevant
questionnaire will be given to the research adviser and moderators for review,
with the chosen respondents to enhance the questionnaire's quality and identify
any inconsistencies that can compromise the data analysis. The research
instrument will be divided into five (5) essential parts with each part
corresponding to the enumerated objectives of the study. The first part entails
questions with regard to the profile of the respondents. The second part will
marketing. The third part contains the roles of green practices in achieving
part contains how well green marketing contributes to the vegetables farmers’
ended survey questionnaire in the survey forms in collecting the responses from
options that does not allow the respondents to provide a unique or unanticipated
answer, rather offer specific customer feedback about a focused-area (Chattermill,
2018).
collection, all the data that will be gathered shall undergo checking and tabulation
for data analysis before discussing the results based on the collected responses
In analyzing the data in the study, the researchers used the following statistical
tool.
that indicates the percentage of observations for each data point or grouping of
data points (Percentage Distribution, 2022). This technique will guide the study to
determine the activities of the respondents through the given formula as follows.
P=f/N×100%
Where:
P = percentage
100 = constant
Weighted Mean. The weighted mean, as defined by Corporate Finance
with its associated quantitative outcome and then summing all the products
together. This tool will be used to identify the green marketing practices and the
the challenges encountered and analyze how well green marketing contributes
WM=∑fx/N
Where:
∑= summation
F= frequency
ranking survey and then rank the row items. This statistical tool will be used to
interpret and rank the identification of the green marketing practices and the roles
challenges encountered and analyze how well green marketing contributes (Blog,
2020).