2020 IEEE Region 10 Symposium (TENSYMP), 5-7 June 2020, Dhaka, Bangladesh
28/38 GHz Dual-Band Microstrip Patch Antenna
with DGS and Stub-Slot Configurations and Its
2x2 MIMO Antenna Design for 5G Wireless
Communication
Mohammad Lutful Hakim Mohammed Jashim Uddin
Department of Electronic and Department of Electronic and
Telecommunication Engineering Telecommunication Engineering
International Islamic University International Islamic University
Chittagong, Bangladesh
lutfulhakimiiuc@gmail.com
Abstract- The world is going to launch a very fast 5G wireless
communication system, its main purpose is to achieve a high-
speed data rate that is possible through millimeter-wave
communication with wide bandwidth antenna. The microstrip
patch antenna may be an elementary component of a radio
channel that's specified among the most effective receiver
transmitting structures, due to its low cost of assembly. This
paper proposed a dual-band microstrip patch antenna with a
wide bandwidth that works for 28 GHz and 38 GHz frequency
bands. Defected Ground Structure (DGS) and stub slot
configuration have been used to achieve wide bandwidth and
dual-band, the overall size of the antenna is 8.25 x 9.69x0.45
mm3. The proposed antenna exhibits a -10-dB impedance
bandwidth of 5.13 GHz and 11.63 GHz, gain of 8.31 dB and
6.38 dB and 98% efficiency for both 28 and 38.5 GHz resonant
frequency respectively. A 2x2 MIMO antenna also designed
where isolation is less than -20 dB between different ports.
Keyword—Dual-band, Stub-slot, Wide bandwidth, DGS, High
gain, MIMO, 5G.
I. INTRODUCTION
In the light of recent works on wireless communication,
there are still many important points to consider for the next
5th generation 5G wireless communication [1]. The main
aspect of this is that higher frequency will be used in the 5G
wireless communication system compared to the 4G system
which is above 24 GHz [2][3]. Because the millimeter
frequency band provides wider bandwidth compared to 3G
and 4G frequency band through which multi-gigabit data per
second can be transferred [4][5]. The international
telecommunications union discharges the potential
millimeter-wave frequency band between 24 to 84 GHz
frequency at a global radio communication conference held
in 2015 which is 27.5–29.5 GHz, 33.4–36 GHz, 37–
40.5GHz, 42–45 GHz, 47-50.2GHz, 50.4–52.6 GHz and
59.3–71 [6]. The USA-based Federal Communication
Commission has proposed 28, 38, 39 and 64-71 GHz
frequency for the 5G wireless communication system, where
28 GHz and 38 GHz are robust frequency bands because at
this frequency the attenuation of the air is low and higher
data rates and lower latency can be achieved. The
978-1-7281-7366-5/20/$31.00 ©2020 IEEE
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MD Jiabul Hoque
Department of Computer and
Communication Engineering
International Islamic University
Chittagong, Bangladesh Chittagong, Bangladesh
jashim@ete.iiuc.ac.bd jia99cse@yahoo.com
researchers are working to create an antenna of small size
and wider bandwidth for both these frequencies. The best
way to design a dual-band antenna instead of integrating two
different frequency band antennas to increase bandwidth,
which allows two frequency bands to be covered through
one antenna, and using one antenna instead of two will
reduce the space and cost required for the system, in this
case, dual-band microstrip patch antenna (MPA) is a popular
structure for high-speed data communication because of their
simple structure, compact size and low profile with easiness
of integration with different system elements [9].
Currently, the use of the MIMO antenna in the wireless
communication system is becoming popular because of its
increased reliability and efficiency. But mutual coupling is a
big problem because of the slight separation among the
elements. This interaction effect among the elements of the
MIMO antenna increases the correlation coefficient,
decreasing gain, and distorting the radioactivity diagram
which reduces system performance [17].
In the paper [8], a dual-band PIFA antenna of 28 GHz and
38 GHz has been designed which has very low bandwidth
and gains of 3.34 GHz and 1.395 GHz and 3.75dBi and
5.06dBi respectively. In the work [9], an elliptical slot
microstrip patch antenna designed with Rogers RT5880
substrate where the proposed antenna has 7.6 dB and 7.21
dB gain with 1.3 GHz and 1 GHz bandwidth at 28 GHz and
45 GHz frequency respectively. A triangular-shaped MPA
has been designed in the reference [10] although its size is
very large its gains and bandwidth at 28 GHz and 38 GHz is
5.75dBi and 7.23dBi with 4.86 GHz and 3.60 GHz
respectively. A SIW antenna is designed by the author of
paper [11] where size is not specified properly, and its
bandwidth and gain at 28 GHz and 38 GHz frequency are
0.45 GHz and 2.2 GHz and 5.2dBi and 5.9dBi, respectively.
In the paper [12], an AiP structure antenna is designed for
both 28 and 38 GHz frequencies where gain and bandwidth
are 4dBi and 6dBi with 1.02 GHz and 3.49 GHz
respectively. In the work [13], present a small antenna,
excited with coplanar waveguide (CPW) feed, attaining the
highest gain of 6.6 dB at 28GHz, whereas a Roger RT5880
substrate is employed with the dimensions of 5 × 5 mm 2 and
height of 0.254mm. A dual-band spiral planar monopole
antenna of 28 GHz and 38 GHz has been designed in the
reference [14] where the poor gain has been achieved. The
56
author of paper [15], has been designed a tri-band MPA
antenna where gains for 28 and 38 GHz frequency are
7.02dBi and 5.05dBi respectively while bandwidth is 0.9
GHz and 0.48 GHz which is extremely low. All the study
shows that a dual-band antenna is highly recommended
instead of two single-band antennas for increasing total
bandwidth and cost reduction [8-15][16].
In this work, a DGS stub-slot antenna has been proposed
which is operating at 28 GHz and 38 GHz frequency band Fig.2: Effect of stub-slot configuration on frequency
where dual band attained by stub-slot configuration and wide
bandwidth attained by DGS also high realize the gain and
high efficiency achieved.

II. ANTENNA DESIGN (a) (b) (c) (d)

Fig. 3: Steps of designed antenna (a) Inset feed antenna (b) Antenna with
single stub (c) antenna with all stubs (d) antenna with stub-slot
configuration.

Fig. 4: Front and Backside view of designed antenna

TABLE 1. Dimensions of the planned antenna

Fig. 1: Methodology for the proposed antenna design Parameters Value (mm) Parameters Value (mm)
W 8.27 L2 1.37
An ordinary microstrip patch antenna was planned for the
lower 28 GHz frequency band by using basic equation where Wg 9.68 G1 1.35
only a -10-dB frequency band has been achieved. The open- W1 0.17 G2 3.10
circuit stub which is not equal to the quarter wavelength is
W2 1.31 G3 2.76
positioned on the radiating edge then two frequency bands
are available lower frequency band at 28 GHz due to W3 0.5 Fi 0.35
capacitive impedance and upper-frequency band due to L 4.47 Gap 0.5
inductive impedance. Due to the situation of the stub at the
radiating edge, the impedance is changed to matching, so Lg 8.25 Wf 0.96
that the feed location is placed on the reverse edge. By L1 0.91
installing an open-circuit stub on the radiating edge in the
proposed design one -10 dB frequency bands and another >-
10dB band has been found. After this, the expected –10 dB III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
resonance frequency for both upper and lower frequency was (A) Return-loss plot:
found by placing two additional stubs but coupling Antenna returns loss or S11 parameter is the ratio of
capacitance between the three stubs creates an additional received and rejected radio waves coming to the input of the
frequency band which is will be unnecessary frequency band antenna. It is expressed through dB and for an antenna to
although which resonance is very less, slots between the stub work well it has to be less than -10 dB Fig.5 demonstrated
groups eliminate this frequency band by rising the the return-loss Vs frequency graph of the recommended
detachment among the stub. In the planned design, four antenna, the S11 parameters values for 28 GHz and 38.5
DGSs have been created which improve the bandwidth and GHz frequency are – 54 dB and - 51 dB respectively which
this DGS group also acts as a resonator that’s why upper means that very small input radio waves at that frequency
frequency band positioned at 38 GHz frequency band. The being rejected.
length and width of the DGS has a great effect on antenna
resonance [16]. As substrate material, air substrate used with
dielectric constant 1.0 and height 0.5 mm where the depth of
patch and ground is 0.035 mm. The methodology of the
proposed antenna is displayed in Fig.1 and the return-loss vs
frequency graph for different designs is demonstrated in
Fig.2. The steps of designed antenna and front and backside
view of proposed antenna shown in Fig.3 and Fig.4
respectively where the planned antenna parameters are Fig.5: Frequency Vs S parameters in (dB).
recorded in Table 1.
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(C) Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) Plot:
VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio) is an alternative
representation of s11 parameters. If the forward and the
reflected radio wave propagate simultaneously in the same
way in the transmission line system, then the actual voltage
generated in the transmission line is referred by VSWR and
its value must be between 1 to 2 and the ideal value is 1, the
VSWR of proposed antenna is 1 at 28 GHz and 38.5 GHz
resonant frequency which is an ideal value.
(D) Directivity and Gain:
The antenna directivity is that the ratio of the maximum
density of power to its average value over a sphere as
detected within the far-field of an antenna. The antenna gain
is the antenna's main performance point which combines the
antenna electrical efficiency and gain directivity. By the
gain of the transmitting antenna, it is understood how well
the antenna converts its input power to the radio wave in a
particular direction. And explain how well the receiver
antenna converts the incoming radio wave into electrical
power. The proposed antenna has 8.31 dB, 6.38 dB gain and
8.35dBi ,6.48dBi directivity at 28 GHz and 38.5 GHz
frequency respectively shown in Fig.6.
Fig. 6: Gain and Directivity Vs. Frequency.
(E) Radiation pattern:
The projected antenna radiation pattern shown in
Fig.7.The main lobe magnitude at 28 GHz frequency is
6.94dBi and 8.35dBi, angular width (3dB) is 53.3 degree and
58.1-degree, side lob level is -4.9 dB and -5.2 dB
respectively at phi=0o and 900shown in Fig.7(a). Fig.7(b)
shows at 38.5 GHz frequency the main lobe magnitude is
3.65dBi and 3.61dBi, angular width (3dB) is 134.5 degree
and 33.2-degree, side lob level is -2.8 dB and -2.9 dB
respectively at Phi=0o and Phi=90o.
(a) (b)
Fig.7 : Radiation pattern of designed antenna (a) At 28 GHz frequenct (b)
At 38.5 GHz frequency.
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(F) Efficiency plot:
The plot of total efficiency and radiation efficiency Vs
frequency is shown in Fig.8 where the efficiency of both
resonant frequencies is 98% so very small power and signal
loss at peak 28 GHz and 38 GHz frequency or maximum
power radiated by the antenna.
Fig. 8: Efficiency Vs. Frequency.
IV. 2X2 MIMO ANTENNA DESIGN
MIMIMO (Multiple input multiple output) antenna consists
of a single layer multiple antenna which is designed for the
5th generation warless network. Multiple antennas are used
which increases the data rate and coverage area and multiple
antennas shines the radio transmit power of a single antenna.
Link reliability is improved through the MIMO antenna, thus
reducing fading compared to a single antenna. The proposed
design has multiple antenna placement at λ/4 spacing. The
design of multiple antennas is displayed in Fig.9. The
dimensions of the proposed MIMO antenna are 21.96 x
16.71 mm2. Then four-element MIMO antenna is presented,
each port having its own parameter which can be expressed
separately by Sij for port 1, 2, 3 and 4. The simulated
reflection coefficient or return-loss (S11, S22, S33, and S44)
of the projected MIMO antenna is revealed in Fig. 10 this
figure displays that the reflection coefficient of the MIMO
antenna for 28 GHz and 38 GHz frequency bands is less than
-10 dB which was initially displayed on the single antenna.
Electromagnetic coupling among different elements is a
complex problem during the MIMO antenna design. At the
proposed design separation of 28 GHz and 38 GHz
frequency is achieved less than -20 dB. In Fig. 11 isolation
between different antennas has been demonstrated. Each
curve displayed isolation between the two ports.
The proposed antenna results are in a good performance for
MIMO applications for 28 GHz to 38 GHz with isolation
less than -20 dB this incoherence among the two-radio links
rises the MIMO antenna transmission rate [17].
Fig. 9: Front and back side view of 2x2 MIMO Antenna
 V. CONCLUSION
The proposed dual-band microstrip patch antenna
operating at 28 GHz and 38 GHz frequency band where
return-loss is -54 and 51 dB respectively also achieves high
efficiency, high realize the gain, and wider bandwidth has
been shown in Table 2, which is an important requirement
for 5G warless communication for high-speed data rate and
good performance and its 2x2 MIMO design achieved higher
isolation, which increase the transmission rate of the MIMO
antenna.

Fig. 10: S-parameter for 2x2 MIMO antenna.

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