SOCIAL DIMENSIONS OF EDUCATION

VARGAS COLLEGE
TUGUEGARAO CITY
SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS
- are structures and mechanisms of social order and cooperation that govern the
behavior of its members.
- Each group or class in every society regardless of differences consider social
institution vital to their existence and development
- Groups:
A. Primary Group – the relationship is informal but with intimate relationship
B. Secondary group – formal relationships and dealings governed the entire
group and are group and related under the mandate of laws.
Essential task
a. Replacing task or procreation
b. Teaching new members
c. Producing, distributing, and consuming good
d. Services, preserving order and providing
e. Maintaining a sense of purpose
Characteristics and functions of institutions
a. Institutions are purposive
- Satisfactions among members is the primordial reasons ot its existence
b. They are relatively permanent in their context
- They stay for a period of time and occurrence of change is too slow
c. Institutions are structured
- Management and leadership submits to the interest and benefit of the whole
institution. Powers and responsibilities are defined technically and discourages
power greed and grabbing.
- Laderized structure
d. Institutions are unified structure
- Act as single unit
- Members are guided by common goal and process of achieving it
e. Institution are necessarily value laden
- Code of conduct
- Humanization of policies
Major Social Institution
a. Government – is an institution entrusted of making and enforcing rules of society
as well as regulating relationships with other societies.
- It is empowered to perform states mandate
- Security of its people – primordial concern
- Agent of the state
Types of Government
a. Monarchy – a political system based upon the undivided sovereignty or rule of a
single person. The term applies to states in which supreme authority is vested in
the monarch, an individual ruler who functions as the head of state and who
achieves his or her position through heredity. Most monarchies allow only male
succession, usually from father to son.
- King / queen
- Transmission of power or hereditary
- is a system of government that bases its legitimacy on the participation of the
people. While democratic governments come in many varieties, they are
uniformly characterized by (1) competitive elections, (2) the principle of political
and legal equality, and (3) a high degree of individual freedom, or civil
liberties.
b. Democracy – a government that best described through citizens involvement or
participation.
- Mobocracy – abusive type of democracy or wrongly construed as manifested by
absence of due respect to the government.
- Theocracy – When the king or political head is considered their God.
Others
a. A direct democracy is a system of government in which public decisions are
made by the people directly, rather than by elected representatives. Generally
only possible in small communities.
- Referenda
- Initiatives
- recall elections. 
b. Indirect or representative democracy is a form of government in which
representatives are elected to make policy and enforce laws while representing
the citizens. All modern democratic countries are representative, not direct,
democracies. A representative democracy is also known as a republic.
c.  Constitutional democracy is a system of government based on popular
sovereignty in which the structures, powers, and limits of government are set
forth in a constitution. 
d.  Non-constitutional democracy is a form of government that does not have,
or follow, constitutional rules. The government does whatever those currently in
power choose to do. For a citizen, such governments are unpredictable and they
may violate a person's rights with impunity.
e.  Federal democracy  is a system of government in which power is
constitutionally divided between a central governing authority and constituent
political units (like states or provinces). Each enforces its own law directly on it
citizens and neither the national government nor constituent political units can
alter the arrangement without the consent of the other. 
f. Unitary democracy is a system of government in which constitutional authority
lies in the hands of a single central government. Administrative divisions
(subnational units) created by the central government are responsible for the
everyday administration of government, but exercise only powers the central
government chooses to delegate. Great Britain is an example of a country with a
unitary system of government.
g. Presidential democracy is a form of government in which the executive
branch is elected separately from the legislative branch. The chief executive, the
president, is elected for a fixed term and cannot be removed except by
extraordinary measures. The powers vested in the president are usually balanced
against those vested in the legislature. In the American presidential system, the
legislature must debate and pass bills. The president has the power to veto a bill,
preventing its adoption. However, the legislature may override the president's
veto if it can A
h. Parliamentary democracy is a form of representative democracy in which
political power is vested in an elected legislature, but the executive and
legislative branches are not separate. The elected legislature (parliament)
chooses the chief executive (prime minister). The legislature may remove the
prime minister at any time by a vote of no confidence and often approves the
prime minister's cabinet members. The fusion of the legislative and executive
branches in the parliamentary system leads to party members voting along party
lines.
c. Authoritarianism - denotes any political system that concentrates power in the
hands of a leader or a small elite that is not constitutionally responsible to the
 body of the people. Authoritarian leaders often exercise power arbitrarily and
without regard to existing bodies of law, and they usually cannot be replaced by
citizens choosing freely among various competitors in elections. 
- Stands in fundamental contrast to democracy
C. Totalitarianism - form of government that theoretically permits no individual
freedom and that seeks to subordinate all aspects of individual life to
the authority of the state. Italian dictator Benito Mussolini coined the
term totalitario in the early 1920s to characterize the new fascist state of
Italy, which he further described as “all within the state, none outside the
state, none against the state.” By the beginning of World War
II, totalitarian had become synonymous with absolute and oppressive single-
party government. 
- All powers are exercise or vested in a single person

Powers
a. Power of Eminent Domain confiscation of private property for public use
 Just compensation
 Due process
 Public purpose
b. Police power – power of the state ro regulate or control the behavior pf
constituents
c. Power of Taxation
The collected money or revenues are intended defray government
expenses.
- Lifeblood Doctrine
- Symbiotic relationship
Branches of the government
a. Executive
b. Legiskative
c. Judicial
NOTA BENA:
a. Balance of power
b. Independence
c. Co –equal branch
 d. Veto power
e. Check and balance
f. Over veto
g. Alter ego doctrine
D. Family – Basic social institution that provides the real foundation of the child.
It is where all significant trainings and experiences commenced.
Marriage – foundation of family
Special contract Family Code
Permanently bind spouses Civil Code
NOTE: in relation to education, family is traditionally carries the obligation of giving
education to children.
Family
 Nuclear
 Extended
 Joint family – siblings are combined
 Blended Family – both families on both sides
 Family by Choice – usually for or among those who do not procreate or not
capacitated due to sex.

According to Authority
a. Patriarchal
b. Matriarchal
C. equalitarian
Accdg to residence
a. Neolocal
b. Matrilocal
c. Patrilocal
Accdg to Descent
a. Bilenial
b. Patrilineal
c. Matrilineal
Marriage
1. Monogamy – single marriage
2. Polygamy
a. Poliginy
b. Polyandry
c. Cenogamy
Family and School Realationship
 - Collaborative relationship designed primarily to produce positive education and
social effect on the child while being mutually bebeficial to all parties.
a. Sharing of powers and responsibilities
b. Degree of mutuality
c. Shared aims and goals
d. Commitment to join school activities
- Stakeholders
- PTA
- Brigada
Commom issues
a. Parents tolerate misbehavior
b. Parents who do not care about their child
c. Parents who do not cooperate to school activities
d. Parents who has high expectations to their child
 Loco parentis
 Co- parentis
Parents – traditionally are the primary teachers of their children.
- The advent of formal schooling did not negate or remove such practice/s among
parents.
ECONOMY
d. Economy –
Economic System
a. Communism/ Central Planning – the state governe and in full control of all
economic activities
UTOPIA – modelled classless or perfect society but never existed
b. Socialism - a stage of society in Marxist theory transitional
between capitalism and communism and distinguished by unequal
distribution of goods and pay according to work done
c. Capitalism -  an economic system characterized by private ownership of
capital goods, by investments that are determined by private decision,
and by prices, production, and the distribution of goods that are
determined mainly by competition in a free market or free enterprise
External vs internal governmental interventions.
d. Mixed Economy -  system that combines aspects of
both capitalism and socialism. A mixed economic system protects private
property and allows a level of economic freedom in the use of capital, but
also allows for governments to interfere in economic activities in order to
achieve social aims.
 Note: State of Calamity – when declared the state can forcely freeze the
prices of commodities
a. Ceiling price
b. Floor Price
- Terms to remember
a. Tax holiday
b. Unfair completion
c. Cutthroat competition
d. Laizze’s faire/Free enterprise

E. Religion
- Pattern of beliefs concerning the ultimate meaning of life. It assumes the
existence of super natural.
- Functions to meet the spiritual needs of individual.
- Binds people through worship – thereby creating a social group, an institution.
Characteristics of Religion
a. Belief in Diety
- Three main philosophical views of diety
1. Atheist
2. Theist
3. Agnostics –
b. Doctrine of Salvation – highest goal of faithful
Enjoy Reading po….. sorry for the delay wala kasing available na panda.