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    07 Bhambere Srushti Ajay - .

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    07 Bhambere Srushti Ajay - .

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    Rushi Jadhav
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    07 Bhambere Srushti Ajay_.

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    07 Bhambere Srushti Ajay - .

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    Rushi Jadhav

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    EXP — 8 STUDY OF COMPUTER NETWORKING COMPONENTS Title : Study of computer networking components A Computer Network basically comprises multiple computers that are interconnected to each other in order to share information and other resources. Multiple computers are connected either with the help of cables or wireless media So basically with the help of a computer network two or more devices are connected in order to share a nearly limitless range of information and services which includes; © Music + Databases + Websites + Documents + Email and messaging + Telephony and conferencing + Printers and Faxes Laptop The above image shows how two devices are connected to each other with the help of the Internet and a laptop is connected to one of them with the help of a cable. Let us now learn the main components of Computer Networks; The key parts that are required to install a network are included in the components of the Computer network. From simple to complex there are numerous types of networks in Computer networks. The components that we need to install for a network mainly depend upon the type of Network. We can also remove some network components according to our needs. Given below is a list of components of a Computer Network: + Network Interface Card(NIC) + HUB + Switch + Repeater + Router + Modem + Server + Bridge BS... Modem, Network interface Card(NIC) Hub ‘Switch Repeater 1. Network Interface Card(NIC) NIC mainly provide the physical interface between computer and cabling. NIC prepares data, sends the data, and controls the flow of data. It can also receive and translate the data into bytes for the CPU to understand. + NIC isa hardware component that is mainly used to connect one computer with another on a Network. + The main role of NIC is to move the serial signals on the network cables or media into parallel data streams inside the PCs. + Transfer rate supported by NIC is 10Mb/s,100 Mb/s ,1000 Mb/s. + Two or more NIC's are used in the server in order to split the load. + The main job of NIC is controlling access to the media Factors to be taken into consideration when choosing a NIC: Drivers Compatibility Performance Preparing data Sending and Controlling data ao eYNe Configuration 2. Hub Hubs are those devices that are used to link several computers together. Hubs repeat ‘one signal that comes in on one port and then copies it to other ports. + Anetwork hub is basically a centralized distribution point for all the data transmission in a network. + Hub is a passive device. The hub receives the data and then rebroadcasts the data to other computers that are connected to it. Hub mainly does not know the destination of a received data packet. Thus it is required to send copies of data packets to all the hub connections. Types of Hub 1. Active Hub 2. Passive Hub 3. Intelligent Hub 3. Switch Switch mainly resembles a Hub. It is a layer-2 device and it is used for the intelligent forwarding of messages. By intelligent we mean the decision-making ability of the switch. As hub works in the way by sending data to all ports on the device, whereas the switch sends the data to only that port that is connected with the destination device. + The switch is a network component and is mainly used to connect the segments of the network. + The switch is more intelligent than the network hub. Switches are categorized into 4: 1. Managed Switch 2. Unmanaged Switch 3. Power over Ethernet switch 4. Local Area Network switch 4. Repeater The repeater is a Physical layer device. As the name suggests, the repeater is mainly used to regenerate the signal over the same network and it mainly regenerates before the signal gets corrupted or weak. They are incorporated into the networks in order to extend the coverage area. Repeaters can connect signals by making the use of different types of cables. + Repeaters are cost-effective Repeaters are very easy to install, and after their installation, they can easily extend the coverage area of the network. Types of repeaters: 1. Analog Repeaters These are only used to amplify the analog signals. 2. Digital Repeaters These are only used to amplify digital signals. 3. Wired Repeaters These repeaters are mainly used in wired Local area networks. 4. Wireless Repeaters These are mainly used in wireless local area networks and also in cellular networks. 5. Local Repeaters These are used to connect segments of a local area network that are separated by a small distance. 6. Remote Repeaters These are mainly used to connect those local area networks that are far away from each other. 5. Router The router is a network component that is mainly used to send or receive data on the computer network. The process of forwarding data packets from the source to the destination is referred to as Routing. + The router is a Network Layerti.e. Layer 3) device + The main responsibilities of the router are receiving data packets, analysing them, and then forwarding the data packets among the connected computer networks. + Whenever any data packet arrives, then first of all the router inspects the destination address and then consults with its routing tables in order to decide the optimal route and then transfers the packet along this route towards the destination. Types of Routers: 1.Core Routers | 2.Edge Routers 3. Wired Router 4, Wireless Router 5.VPN Router 6. Modem The modem is basically a hardware component that mainly allows a computer or any other device like a router, switch to connect to the Internet. A modem is basically a shorthand form of Modulator-Demodulator. One of the most important functions of the modem is to convert analog signals into digital signals and vice versa. Also, this device is a combination of two devices: modulator and demodulator. The modulator mainly converts the digital data into analog data at the time when the data is being sent by the computer. 7. Server ‘A Server is basically a computer that serves the data to other devices. The server may serve data to other devices or computers over a local area network or on a Wide area network with the help of the Internet. There can be virtual servers, proxy servers, application servers, web servers, database servers, file servers, and many more. Thus servers are mainly used to serve the requests of other devices. It can be hardware or software. 8. Bridge It is another important component of the computer network. The bridge is also a layer-2( that is data link layer device). A bridge is mainly used to connect two or more local area networks together. These are mainly used as they help in the fast transferring of the data, But these are not versatile like routers. Thus Bridge can mainly transfer the data between different protocols (i.e. a Token Ring and Ethernet network) and operates at the data link layer or level 2 of the OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) networking reference model as told above. Bridges are further divided into two: + Local bridge These are ordinary bridges. + Remote bridges These are mainly used to connect networks that are at a distance from each other. Generally Wide Area Network is provided between two bridges. PROCEDURE Step 1: Go to the following location: Control Panel—>Network and Internet— >Network and Sharing Centre. Click on Change adapter settings in the top left corner. a 2 ‘View your basic network information and set up connections Manage ies networks x oe an rn Maple netwons tenet — (his compute) TIEN ANG ee HemeGroup: ined Home network Connections: veers Network Connection faite) Accestype Ne network acess Step 2: In the next window, you can see all your adapters. Right click on the adapter you want to change the IP, say Wireless Network Connection. Then Right-click Ethernet and then choose Properties. {Network Connections eared 4 |B > Control Panel > All Control Panel tems » Network Connections VO) Search Neto. 2 Organize + Disablethis networkdevice Diagnose this connection Renamethis connection >» Ee -ae J Bluetooth Network my Connection Newent unplgged 9 Not connected Qualcomm Atheros ARIS x eS Speedy Vtuol Apter PO RSet wy Disconnected Netcorneced

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